GAS5 explained

Growth arrest-specific 5 is a non-protein coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the GAS5 gene.[1] [2]

GAS5 noncoding RNA, which accumulates in growth arrested cells, acts as a decoy hormone response element for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and hence blocks the upregulation of gene expression by activated GR.[3] [4]

A number of studies have linked GAS5 to apoptosis and it may play a role in the progression of some types of cancer.[5] [6] [7]

The GAS5 introns host several snoRNA sequences, including SNORD81, SNORD47, SNORD80, SNORD79, SNORD78, SNORD44, SNORD77, SNORD76, SNORD75 and SNORD74.[8] [9] [10] These intronic sequences are more conserved than the exons of the host gene, these sorts of genes are often called "inside-out genes".[11]

It was recently discovered that the nonsense-mediated degradation pathway can regulate the function of the GAS5 in mammalian cells.[12]

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Entrez Gene: growth arrest-specific 5 (non-protein coding).
  2. Smith . C. M.. Steitz . J. A.. Classification of gas5 as a multi-small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene and a member of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family reveals common features of snoRNA host genes . . 18 . 12 . 6897–6909 . December 1998 . 9819378 . 109273. 10.1128/mcb.18.12.6897.
  3. Kino T, Hurt DE, Ichijo T, Nader N, Chrousos GP . Noncoding RNA Gas5 Is a Growth Arrest and Starvation-Associated Repressor of the Glucocorticoid Receptor . Sci Signal . 3 . 107 . ra8 . 2010 . 20124551 . 2819218 . 10.1126/scisignal.2000568 .
  4. Garabedian MJ, Logan SK . Glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding decoy is a gas . Sci Signal . 3 . 108 . pe5 . 2010 . 20145207 . 10.1126/scisignal.3108pe5 . 21089519 .
  5. 10.1038/onc.2008.373 . Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, Farzaneh F, Williams GT . GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer . Oncogene . 28 . 2 . 195–208 . 2009 . 18836484. 9209496 .
  6. 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.013 . Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, Kakegawa E, Yoshida K, Ito Y, Kayano H, Niitsu N, Jinnai I, Bessho M . The GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) gene fuses to BCL6 as a result of t(1;3)(q25;q27) in a patient with B-cell lymphoma . Cancer Genet Cytogenet . 182 . 2 . 144–9 . 2008 . 18406879.
  7. 10.1242/jcs.024646 . Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Hedge VL, Kirkham L, Farzaneh F, Williams GT . Growth arrest in human T-cells is controlled by the non-coding RNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) . J Cell Sci . 121 . Pt 7 . 939–46 . 2008 . 18354083. 218512 .
  8. 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00325.x . Tanaka R, Satoh H, Moriyama M, Satoh K, Morishita Y, Yoshida S, Watanabe T, Nakamura Y, Mori S . Intronic U50 small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene of no protein-coding potential is mapped at the chromosome breakpoint t(3;6)(q27;q15) of human B-cell lymphoma . Genes Cells . 5 . 4 . 277–87 . 2000 . 10792466. free .
  9. 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00363-2 . Raho G, Barone V, Rossi D, Philipson L, Sorrentino V . The gas 5 gene shows four alternative splicing patterns without coding for a protein . Gene . 256 . 1–2 . 13–7 . 2000 . 11054530.
  10. 10.1073/pnas.231490998 . Hirose T, Steitz JA . Position within the host intron is critical for efficient processing of box C/D snoRNAs in mammalian cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 23 . 12914–9 . 2001 . 11606788 . 60799. 2001PNAS...9812914H . free .
  11. 10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00022-2 . Eddy SR . Noncoding RNA genes . Current Opinion in Genetics & Development . 9 . 6 . 695–9 . 1999 . 10607607.
  12. 10.1371/journal.pone.0055684 . Tani H, Torimura M, Akimitsu N . The RNA degradation pathway regulates the function of GAS5 a non-coding RNA in mammalian cells . PLOS ONE . 8 . 1 . e556884 . 2013 . 23383264 . 3559549. 2013PLoSO...855684T . free .

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