GANC explained

Neutral alpha-glucosidase C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GANC gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Glycoside hydrolase enzymes hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. This gene encodes a member of glycosyl hydrolases family 31. This enzyme hydrolyses terminal, non-reducing 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues and releases alpha-D-glucose. This is a key enzyme in glycogen metabolism and its gene localizes to a chromosomal region (15q15) that is associated with susceptibility to diabetes.^[3]

References

Further reading

• Feizi T, Larkin M . AIDS and glycosylation . Glycobiology . 1 . 1 . 17–23 . Sep 1990 . 2136376 . 10.1093/glycob/1.1.17 .
• Land A, Braakman I . Folding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum . Biochimie . 83 . 8 . 783–90 . Aug 2001 . 11530211 . 10.1016/S0300-9084(01)01314-1 . 1874/5091 . 13576808 . free .
• Kamimura H, Ogata H, Takahara H . Alpha-glucoside formation of xenobiotics by rat liver alpha-glucosidases . Drug Metabolism and Disposition . 20 . 2 . 309–15 . 1992 . 1352226 .
• Fenouillet E, Gluckman JC . Effect of a glucosidase inhibitor on the bioactivity and immunoreactivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein . The Journal of General Virology . 72 . 8 . 1919–26 . Aug 1991 . 1678778 . 10.1099/0022-1317-72-8-1919 . free .
• Ratner L, vander Heyden N, Dedera D . Inhibition of HIV and SIV infectivity by blockade of alpha-glucosidase activity . Virology . 181 . 1 . 180–92 . Mar 1991 . 1704656 . 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90483-R .
• Dedera DA, Gu RL, Ratner L . Role of asparagine-linked glycosylation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane envelope function . Virology . 187 . 1 . 377–82 . Mar 1992 . 1736542 . 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90331-I .
• Murphy CI, Lennick M, Lehar SM, Beltz GA, Young E . Temporal expression of HIV-1 envelope proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells: implications for glycosylation and CD4 binding . Genetic Analysis, Techniques and Applications . 7 . 6 . 160–71 . Oct 1990 . 2076345 . 10.1016/0735-0651(90)90030-J .
• Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F, Rahman R, Lusso P, DeVico AL, Copeland T, Oroszlan S, Gallo RC, Sarngadharan MG . Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses . 6 . 3 . 371–80 . Mar 1990 . 2187500 . 10.1089/aid.1990.6.371 .
• Shimizu H, Tsuchie H, Honma H, Yoshida K, Tsuruoka T, Ushijima H, Kitamura T . Effect of N-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin on the lectin binding to HIV-1 glycoproteins . Japanese Journal of Medical Science & Biology . 43 . 3 . 75–87 . Jun 1990 . 2283726 . 10.7883/yoken1952.43.75 . free .
• Leonard CK, Spellman MW, Riddle L, Harris RJ, Thomas JN, Gregory TJ . Assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds and characterization of potential glycosylation sites of the type 1 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (gp120) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 265 . 18 . 10373–82 . Jun 1990 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86956-3 . 2355006 . free .
• Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG . Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 86 . 9 . 3384–8 . May 1989 . 2541446 . 287137 . 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384 . 1989PNAS...86.3384P . free .
• Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP . Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport . Journal of Virology . 63 . 6 . 2452–6 . Jun 1989 . 2542563 . 250699 . 10.1128/jvi.63.6.2452-2456.1989.
• Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L, Haseltine W, Sodroski J, Krieger M . Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes . 2 . 2 . 163–9 . 1989 . 2649653 .
• Walker BD, Kowalski M, Goh WC, Kozarsky K, Krieger M, Rosen C, Rohrschneider L, Haseltine WA, Sodroski J . Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus syncytium formation and virus replication by castanospermine . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 84 . 22 . 8120–4 . Nov 1987 . 2825177 . 299490 . 10.1073/pnas.84.22.8120 . 1987PNAS...84.8120W . free .
• Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM . Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses . 3 . 3 . 265–82 . 1988 . 2829950 . 10.1089/aid.1987.3.265 .
• Gruters RA, Neefjes JJ, Tersmette M, de Goede RE, Tulp A, Huisman HG, Miedema F, Ploegh HL . Interference with HIV-induced syncytium formation and viral infectivity by inhibitors of trimming glucosidase . Nature . 330 . 6143 . 74–7 . 1987 . 2959866 . 10.1038/330074a0 . 1987Natur.330...74G . 4270139 .
• Blough HA, Pauwels R, De Clercq E, Cogniaux J, Sprecher-Goldberger S, Thiry L . Glycosylation inhibitors block the expression of LAV/HTLV-III (HIV) glycoproteins . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 141 . 1 . 33–8 . Nov 1986 . 3099781 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(86)80330-8 .
• Usuki F, Ishiura S, Nonaka I, Sugita H . alpha-Glucosidase isoenzymes in normal and acid maltase-deficient human skeletal muscles . Muscle & Nerve . 11 . 4 . 365–71 . Apr 1988 . 3135493 . 10.1002/mus.880110413 . 43090032 .
• Montefiori DC, Robinson WE, Mitchell WM . Role of protein N-glycosylation in pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 85 . 23 . 9248–52 . Dec 1988 . 3264072 . 282716 . 10.1073/pnas.85.23.9248 . 1988PNAS...85.9248M . free .

Notes and References

1. Martiniuk F, Hirschhorn R, Smith M . Assignment of the gene for human neutral alpha-glucosidase C to chromosome 15 . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 27 . 2–3 . 168–75 . Oct 1980 . 6995030 . 10.1159/000131478 .
2. Hirschhorn R, Huie ML, Kasper JS . Computer assisted cloning of human neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC): a new paralog in the glycosyl hydrolase gene family 31 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 21 . 13642–6 . Oct 2002 . 12370436 . 129728 . 10.1073/pnas.202383599 . 2002PNAS...9913642H . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: GANC glucosidase, alpha; neutral C.