GALNT2 explained

Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GALNT2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2, a member of the GalNAc-transferases family. This family transfers an N-acetyl galactosamine to the hydroxyl group of a serine or threonine residue in the first step of O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. The localization site of this particular enzyme is preponderantly the trans-Golgi.^[3] Individual GalNAc-transferases have distinct activities, and initiation of O-glycosylation in a cell is regulated by a repertoire of GalNAc-transferases.^[4]

Further reading

• Bennett EP, Hassan H, Clausen H . cDNA cloning and expression of a novel human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GalNAc-t3. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 29 . 17006–12 . 1996 . 8663203 . 10.1074/jbc.271.29.17006 . free .
• Wandall HH, Hassan H, Mirgorodskaya E . Substrate specificities of three members of the human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 38 . 23503–14 . 1997 . 9295285 . 10.1074/jbc.272.38.23503 . etal. free .
• Müller S, Goletz S, Packer N . Localization of O-glycosylation sites on glycopeptide fragments from lactation-associated MUC1. All putative sites within the tandem repeat are glycosylation targets in vivo. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 40 . 24780–93 . 1997 . 9312074 . 10.1074/jbc.272.40.24780 . etal. free .
• Röttger S, White J, Wandall HH . Localization of three human polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in HeLa cells suggests initiation of O-linked glycosylation throughout the Golgi apparatus. . J. Cell Sci. . 111 . 1. 45–60 . 1998 . 10.1242/jcs.111.1.45 . 9394011 . etal.
• Mattu TS, Pleass RJ, Willis AC . The glycosylation and structure of human serum IgA1, Fab, and Fc regions and the role of N-glycosylation on Fc alpha receptor interactions. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 4 . 2260–72 . 1998 . 9442070 . 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2260 . etal. free .
• Iwasaki H, Zhang Y, Tachibana K . Initiation of O-glycan synthesis in IgA1 hinge region is determined by a single enzyme, UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 8 . 5613–21 . 2003 . 12438318 . 10.1074/jbc.M211097200 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Marcos NT, Cruz A, Silva F . Polypeptide GalNAc-transferases, ST6GalNAc-transferase I, and ST3Gal-transferase I expression in gastric carcinoma cell lines . J. Histochem. Cytochem. . 51 . 6 . 761–71 . 2003 . 12754287 . 10.1177/002215540305100607 . etal. 16133163 .
• Kinarsky L, Suryanarayanan G, Prakash O . Conformational studies on the MUC1 tandem repeat glycopeptides: implication for the enzymatic O-glycosylation of the mucin protein core . Glycobiology . 13 . 12 . 929–39 . 2004 . 12925576 . 10.1093/glycob/cwg109 . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Bennett EP, Weghuis DO, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Eiberg H, Clausen H . Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of three members of the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family . Glycobiology . 8 . 6 . 547–55 . Jul 1998 . 9592121 . 10.1093/glycob/8.6.547 . free .
2. White T, Bennett EP, Takio K, Sorensen T, Bonding N, Clausen H . Purification and cDNA cloning of a human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase . J Biol Chem . 270 . 41 . 24156–65 . Dec 1995 . 7592619 . 10.1074/jbc.270.41.24156 . free .
3. African Swine Fever Virus Causes Microtubule-Dependent Dispersal of trans-Golgi Network. Journal of Virology. November 2006. 80. 22. 11385–11392. 10.1128/JVI.00439-06. Netherton. Christopher L.. McCrossan. Mari-Clare. Denyer. Michael. Ponnambalam. Sreenivasan. Armstrong. John. Takamatsu. Haru-Hisa. Wileman. Thomas E.. 16956944. 1642160.
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: GALNT2 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GalNAc-T2).