Günther Pape Explained
Günther Pape (14 July 1907 – 21 January 1986) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
Following World War II, Pape served in the Bundeswehr of West Germany. The force underwent a series of internal discussion and controversies which led to the "Generalkrise" (Crisis of the generals) in August 1966. Among other issues, the discussion was centered about the inner leadership of the Bundeswehr and the hierarchy of command between the Federal Ministry of Defence and the armed forces. The Inspector of the Luftwaffe General Werner Panitzki and Minister of Defence Kai-Uwe von Hassel resigned on 12 August 1966. Inspector General of the Bundeswehr General Heinrich Trettner resigned the next day followed shortly by Pape, who resigned out of loyalty to his commanding officers.[1]
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (20 September 1939) & 1st Class (21 May 1940)[2]
- German Cross in Gold on 23 January 1942 as Major in Krad-Schützen-Bataillon 3[3]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 10 February 1942 as Major and commander of Krad-Schützen-Bataillon 3[4]
- Oak leaves on 15 September 1943 as Oberst and commander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 394[4]
References
Bibliography
- Abenheim, Donald (1989). Bundeswehr und Tradition: die Suche nach dem gültigen Erbe des deutschen Soldaten - Band 27 von Beiträge zur Militär- und Kriegsgeschichte - Band 27 von Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte. Verlag Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. .
- Book: Patzwall . Klaus D. . Scherzer . Veit . 2001 . Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II . The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 . German . Norderstedt, Germany . Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall . 978-3-931533-45-8.
- Book: Scherzer
, Veit
. 2007 . Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives . The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives . German . Jena, Germany . Scherzers Militaer-Verlag . 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Book: Thomas
, Franz
. 1998 . Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z . The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z . German . Osnabrück, Germany . Biblio-Verlag . 978-3-7648-2300-9.
Notes and References
- Abenheim 1989, p. 170.
- Thomas 1998, p. 142.
- Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 343.
- Scherzer 2007, p. 583.
