| Birth Date: | 6 October 1926 |
| Birth Place: | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| Death Date: | 7 March 1997 (aged 70) |
| Death Place: | Skellefteå, Sweden |
| Sport: | Athletics |
| Event: | 400 m |
| Club: | Skellefteå AIK |
| Pb: | 400 m – 47.4 (1953) |
| Show-Medals: | yes |
Gösta Martin Brännström (6 October 1926 – 7 March 1997) was a Swedish sprinter who won a bronze medal in the 4 × 400 m relay at the 1950 European Athletics Championships, together with Tage Ekfeldt, Rune Larsson and Lars-Erik Wolfbrandt. They failed to reach the final at the 1952 Summer Olympics, and finished fourth at the 1954 European Athletics Championships.
Brännström won the national 400 m title in 1951, 1953 and 1956. In 1953 he set national records in the 300 m at 34.0 and in the 400 m at 47.4.