| Géologique de Haute-Provence National Nature Reserve | |
| Iucn Category: | III |
| Location: | Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Var, France |
| Nearest City: | Digne-les-Bains |
| Coordinates: | 44.0781°N 6.3058°W |
| Area: | 269ha |
| Established: | 31 October 1984 |
| Haute-Provence Geologic Formation | |
| Type: | Geologic formation |
| Period: | Jurassic |
| Namedfor: | Haute-Provence |
| Country: |  France |
| Coordinates: | 44.0781°N 6.3058°W |
The Géologique de Haute-Provence National Nature Reserve (RNN73) is a national nature reserve in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Established in 1984, it covers 269.316ha across 18 sites in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Var. Located between the Verdon and Durance rivers, it is an area designated for its landscape diversity, witness of the geological past of the Earth, and is the largest geological reserve in Europe.[1]
The domain of the nature reserve spreads across 18 sites bearing fossils and outcrops with a total area of 269.316ha, in the communes of Barles, Barrême, Chaudon-Norante, Clumanc, Digne-les-Bains, Entrages, Hautes-Duyes, La Javie, La Robine-sur-Galabre, Saint-Lions, Senez and Tartonne.
It is completed by a protection area[2] which regulates[3] fossil collections, spreading across 52 communes in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and 7 in Var.The total territory of the protected area covers more than 2300km2[4] and covers the communes of Aiglun, Angles, Archail, Authon, Auzet, Barles, Barras, Barrême, Beaujeu, Beynes, Blieux, Bras-d'Asse, Le Brusquet, Castellane, Le Castellard-Mélan, Le Chaffaut-Saint-Jurson, Champtercier, Châteauredon, Chaudon-Norante, Clumanc, Digne-les-Bains, Draix, Entrages, Estoublon, Hautes-Duyes, La Javie, Lambruisse, Majastres, Mallemoisson, Marcoux, Mézel, Mirabeau, Montclar, Moriez, Moustiers-Sainte-Marie, La Palud-sur-Verdon, Prads-Haute-Bléone, La Robine-sur-Galabre, Rougon, Saint-André-les-Alpes, Saint-Geniez, Saint-Jacques, Saint-Julien-d'Asse, Saint-Lions, Selonnet, Senez, Seyne, Tartonne, Thoard, Verdaches, Vergons and Le Vernet in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Bargème, Brenon, Le Bourguet, Châteauvieux, Comps-sur-Artuby, La Martre and Trigance in Var.
130 million years ago, giant ammonites more than 1m (03feet) wide colonized the ocean that then covered this area of the Préalpes.[5]
Those fossils can be discovered either in the Musée Promenade at Digne-les-Bains, or in situ in the folded and fractured layers of geological sites.[5]
The most famous site is the Dalle à ammonites, on the RP 900 at 1.5km (00.9miles) north of Digne-les-Bains. With a 60° incline, it bears over 1,500 ammonites, 90% of which belong to the species Coroniceras multicostatum from the Sinemurian (Early Jurassic). Those ammonites could attain a diameter of 70cm (30inches). Remains of nautilus, belemnites, Pecten and other bivalves can also be seen. The deposit thickness is estimated to be around 20cm (10inches), laid down over a 100,000-year period.[6]
The La Robine ichthyosaur, displayed in the Digne museum, lived during the late Toarcian, 185 millions of years ago. This marine reptile was quickly buried, which limited its decomposition. Its conservation is due to paleogeographic conditions favouring the tilting of blocks, caused by the rifting following the opening of the Piemont-Liguria Ocean.[7]
At Castellane, the museum of the Maison Nature et Patrimoine takes visitors back for the last 40 millions of years. At that time a warm sea covered this part of the Alpes-de-Hautes-Provence and was populated with marine mammals such as sirenians.[8] Also known as sea cows, as they mostly eat algae and aquatic plants, they gave birth to the ancient myth of mermaids.[9]
The museum of Castellane, Sisteron and Digne-les-Bains offers marked discovery tours, accessible to anyone.
thumb|Moustiers-Sainte-Marie
Once managed by the Association pour la gestion de la réserve géologique de Haute Provence, established in 1984,[4] the nature reserve is now under the management of the Departmental Council of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.
Regulations forbid the collection and extraction of any fossils. The collection of naturally released fossils is tolerated, but only in limited quantities.[10] It is designated as a UNESCO Global Geopark, in the Global Geoparks Network, and it was one of the four founding members of the European Geoparks Network.[4]
The nature reserve was established under a decree dated 31 October 1984.[11]