Future of the Indian Navy explained

The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of November 2023, the Indian Navy has 67 vessels of various types under construction including destroyers, frigates, corvettes, conventional-powered and nuclear-powered submarines and various other ships.[1] It plans to build up to a total of 200 vessels and 500 aircraft by 2050. According to the Chief of the Naval Staff's statement in December 2020,[2] India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy.[3]

The increasing interest of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy in the Indian Ocean region[4] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft such as the Boeing P-8 Poseidon and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel[5] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1.[6] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent.[7] Post-Chinese intrusions into Ladakh in 2020, it has been announced that the Indian Navy plans to upgrade the military facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on the eastern seaboard as well as Lakshadweep on the western seaboard, with the aim of having a network of island airbases in both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal which provides an infrastructure which will guarantee freedom of navigation and overflight to all Indian territories.[8]

Submarines

This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of an RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Nuclear Submarines

ClassPictureTypeNo. of BoatsOriginDisplacement(Standard)StatusNote
4
  • 6,000 tonne[9]

(S2 & S3)

  • 7,000 tonne

(S4 & S4*)

2 in service
1 launched
1 under construction		A total of four submarines (S2, S3, S4 & S4*)[10] were planned in two flights.[11]
Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)313,500 tonnes3 plannedProject was approved with a budget of .[12] [13]
Chakra III (Akula) classNuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN)112,770–13,800 tons1 on orderOn 7 March 2019, India and Russia signed a $3 billion deal for the lease of another Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine. The submarine, dubbed Chakra III, should be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2025.[14] [15]
Project 75 Alpha6 6,000 tonnes6 planned The Government of India had approved the construction of six such submarines in February 2015. These submarines will be designed by the Navy's in-house Directorate of Naval Design and indigenously built in the Shipbuilding Centre at Visakhapatnam. Initially, 3 submarines are planned to undergo construction in 2023–2024 while another set of 3 will get clearance later. The first submarine is planned to enter service in 2032.[16]

Conventional Submarines

ClassPictureTypeNo. of BoatsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
91,800 tonnes5 in service
1 sea trials
3 more planned[17] [18] [19] [20] 		All deliveries are expected to be completed by 2023.[21] [22]
63,000 – 4,000 tonnes6 planned Defence Acquisition Council cleared the purchase of six submarines worth in October 2014.[23] In April 2019, an Expression of Interest was issued for twelve stealth submarines capable of remaining underwater for much longer period and firing submarine-launched land-attack and anti-ship cruise missiles.[24] Official bidding process to start very soon as of Aug 2020.[25] The Ministry of Defence cleared the proposal to issue a tender for the construction of six conventional submarines.[26]
Project-76 class12PlannedThese are first class of conventional diesel-electric submarine to be fully designed and developed within India featuring AIPs. The design phase is expected to be completed by end-2024 and tenders are expected to be issued by defence ministry soon.[27] [28] [29]

Midget submarines

Ships

This indicates that the project a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Aircraft carriers

NamePictureNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
IAC-1 Class245,000 tonnes 1 in service
1 Planned		Indian Navy had been pushing for a 65,000 tonne carrier, but the demand has been put on hold due to expenses and technologies needed on board. So now Navy is considering another 45,000-tonne class carrier, same as INS Vikrant with more indigenous systems and better propulsions.
165,000 - 75,000 tonnes[31] Planned[32] Estimated to be equipped with an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) CATOBAR system. Will have significant changes and greater size compare to INS Vikrant. Initially nuclear propulsion was planned, but this was later changed to an integrated electric propulsion system due to the complexities involved in developing a nuclear reactor with a capacity of 500 to 550 megawatts that would possibly take 15 to 20 years.[33] [34]
Since the Indian navy has preferred the construction of the nuclear powered Project 75 Alpha and the conventionally powered Project 75I class submarines, INS Vishal will be seen as a replacement of the INS Vikramaditya.[35] [36] [37]

Amphibious warfare ships

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Future Landing Platform Dock (LPD)4 30,000 to 40,000 tonnes4 planned Indian Navy has released RFI for 4 LPDs to be made by Indian shipyards. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) is expected. Ships will have 4x AK 630 with Electro Optical Fire control system, 8x Medium Machine Gun, 6x Heavy Machine Gun, Advancd towed decoy system, 16x SSM, 32x VL-SRSAM, 2x Heavy Lift Helicopters, 12 Special Ops Helicopters and 2x NSUAS etc.[38]
High Speed Landing CraftLanding Craft6285 tonnes6 plannedIn September 2017, Indian Navy issues a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops.[39] [40]

Frigates

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
76,670 tonnes 7 launched Four ships will be constructed by Mazagon Dock while the remaining three by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.[45] [46] [47]
Stealth guided missile frigate10
4,035 tonnes6 in service1 Sea trials[48]
1 Launched
2 Under construction		Two additional vessels of batch 3 are to be built in a joint partnership between Russia and India in Yantar Shipyard and another two of batch 4 are to be built in Goa Shipyard[49] [50] [51]

Corvettes

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC)Corvette (ASW)16 700–950 tonnes9 Launched,7 under construction[52]
Designed for ASW roles in coastal waters.Eight vessels each constructed by GRSE and Cochin Shipyard, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026.[53] [54] [55] [56]
Next Generation Missile VesselsCorvette (ASuW)6 2,200 tonnes6 on orderThe contract for acquisition of six Next Generation Missile Vessels (NGMV) was signed with Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) at a cost of Rs 9,805 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from March 2027 .[57]
NGC (Next-Gen Corvette)[58] Corvette83500 tonnes8 PlannedIn 2016, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for seven next-generation Corvette under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category. Acceptance of necessity given by ministry of defence

Multi Purpose Vessel

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Multi Purpose Vessel (MPVs) L&TMulti Purpose Vessel (MPV)23750 tonnes 2 Under construction Ministry of Defence signed a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of Two Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPVs) for Indian Navy at cost of Rs.887 Crore on 25 March 2022. These vessels will be used for multi-role support functions such as maritime surveillance & patrol, launching/ recovery of torpedoes and operation of various types of aerial, surface and underwater targets for Gunnery/ ASW firing exercises.[61] [62]
Navy's Multi Purpose VesselMulti Purpose Vessel (MPV)22 Planned[63]

Survey vessels

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Sandhayak classSurvey vessel43,300 tonnes1 in Service[70]
3 Launched		In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for .[71] [72] Contract signed in October 2018.[73]
Next Generation survey VesselSurvey vessel5Planned

Miscellaneous

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Unmanned Autonomous Boat SwarmsUnmanned surface vehicleUnknownUnder construction Indian Navy has signed an agreement with Sagar Defence Engineering Pvt. Ltd for armed autonomous boat swarms under ‘SPRINT’. These swarm boats will be used for high-speed interdiction; surveillance; constabulary operations; Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR).[74]
Diving support vessel29,350 tonnes[75] 2 LaunchedIn December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for . Contract for the same was signed in September 2018. Keel laid for the first vessel in December 2019. Both the ships (Nistar & Nipun) have been launched on 22 September 2022.[76] [77] [78]
L&T-class Cadet Training ShipTraining vessel3Unknown3 Under constructionUnion Cabinet has accorded approval to sign a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of three Cadet Training Ships, at an overall cost of Rs 3,108.09 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from 2026.[79] Keel of first ship laid on 9 February 2024.[80] Steel cutting ceremony of third ship on 20 April 2024.[81]
National Hospital Ship (NHS)Hospital Ship1UnknownPlannedOne National Hospital Ship is proposed to be acquired. The anticipated delivery timelines for the first vessel is maximum of 48 months from the date of contract.[82]
Diving Support CraftDiving Support Craft52 launched
3 Under Construction[83] 		A Contract for construction of five Diving Support Craft (DSC) has been signed by Indian Navy with M/s Titagarh Wagons Ltd, Kolkata on 12 Feb 21.[84]
Fast Interceptor Craft22PlannedFollow on water jet fast interceptor craft[85]
TugboatTugboat4 Under construction10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard[86] [87]
31 in service
2 delivered[88] 		25-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Shoft Shipyard Pvt Ltd, Bharuch, Gujurat.[89]
62 Launched
2 Under Construction		25-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Titagarh Rail Systems Limited,Kolkata[90]
IRS ClassACTCM / MCA Barges1911 in service
/8 Under Construction[91]
The contract for building 11 X Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile (ACTCM) Barge was signed between MoD and M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd, Thane on 05 Mar 2021.[92] [93] The contract for building 08 x Missile Cum Ammunition (MCA) Barge was signed between MoD and M/s SECON Engineering Projects Pvt Ltd, Visakhapatnam on 19 Feb 2021.[94] All barges are numbered with LSAM. The only difference is naming for the contract for M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd, and M/s SECON Engineering Projects Pvt Ltd. Both ACTCM / MCA have same dimensions.
Fast Interceptor Craft120Planned

Aircraft

TypePictureRoleNo. of airframesOriginStatusNote
Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF)Carrier-based multirole fighterUnspecifiedDesign Phase and planning The design of the Omni Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA), an Air Force variant of the Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF), with significant design differences, was being studied as of 2020. The first flight of the TEDBF is targeted for 2025–26 with the fighter expected to be inducted into the Navy by 2032.
Dassault Rafale26PlannedIn late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international Request for Information (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters". The main contest is between Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Rafale-M. Number was revised to 36 from 57 in mid 2020[95] and again to 26 in end 2021 with a new G2G process envisaged after demonstration.[96]
Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial SystemShipborne UAV40PlannedProposal to buy 10 NSUAS for around ₹ 1,300 crores cleared by the government in 2021.[97] RFI to purchase total of 40 units released in 2023.[98] [99]
MQ-9 SeaGuardianUnmanned combat aerial vehicle2 in service (on lease)

15 more planned[100] [101]

Planned The US sent the Letter of Acceptance (LoA) to the Ministry of Defence for a deal of 31 MQ-9B drones (15 for Navy, and 8 each for Army and Air Force). The document will now be forwarded to Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) for final approval.[102] [103]
Dornier 228Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime patrol12
4 in service8 on orderThese aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features.[104]
EADS C-295Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime patrol9
9 clearedThese aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features.[105] Ministry of Defence has given clearance for procurement on 16 February 2024.[106] [107]
Boeing P-8I NeptuneReconnaissance, ASW, ASuW12

6 more planned

12 in service6 more plannedFour ordered in 2016 at a cost of US$1.1 billion, ten more planned to be procured at a cost of US$3 billion.
Sikorsky MH-60RMulti-Role Helicopter245 delivered[108] 19 on orderThe helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters.They will be equipped with anti-submarine Mark 54 torpedoes and Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, along with precision-kill rockets. A contract for 24 helicopters was signed on US president Donald Trump's visit to India.
Naval Multi-Role HelicopterMulti-Role Helicopter60PlannedDeck Based Multi Role Helicopter being developed to replace Sea King and augment MH-60R[109]
Naval Multi-Role HelicopterMulti-Role Helicopter123PlannedRequirement issued to HAL[110]
Naval Utility HelicopterUtility helicopter111PlannedTo replace HAL Chetak helicopters.

See also

References

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Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Chatterjee. Sayan. 2020-12-05. Navy Day, 2020: Year-End wrap-up on our sentinels of the sea. 2020-12-06. The Statesman. en-US.
  3. Web site: 4 September 2014. IANS. Indian Navy has transformed from buyer to builder: Naval Chief. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141222185942/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/Indian-navy-has-transformed-from-buyer-to-builder-naval-chief_1465102.html. 22 December 2014. Zee News.
  4. Web site: Krishnan. Anantha. 27 October 2014. Experts see several implications to Chinese submarine's visit to Colombo. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141030155310/http://news.oneindia.in/feature/naval-experts-see-several-implications-to-chinese-submarine-s-visit-to-colombo-1547342.html. 2014-10-30. Oneindia.
  5. Web site: Rahmat. Ridzwan. 24 July 2014. Indian Navy receives fourth Saryu-class OPV. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141222193824/http://www.janes.com/article/41200/Indian-navy-receives-fourth-saryu-class-opv. 22 December 2014. Janes.
  6. Web site: India's Growing Unmanned Naval Fleet. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141030142955/http://blog.navaldrones.com/2012/08/indias-growing-unmanned-naval-fleet.html. 2014-10-30.
  7. News: Shukla. Ajai. Ajai Shukla. October 2014. A powerful surface navy lacks sub punch. Business Standard India. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141030153237/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/a-powerful-surface-navy-lacks-sub-punch-114100101407_1.html. 2014-10-30.
  8. Web site: Gupta. Shishir. 19 July 2020. Navy's forward posture against PLA aggression in Ladakh muscles out Chinese threat on high seas. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200719210543/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-navy-s-forward-posture-against-pla-aggression-in-ladakh-muscles-out-chinese-threat-on-high-seas/story-mRYUXdkrCmGQznQod5lWFK.html. 19 July 2020. 20 July 2020. Hindutan Times.
  9. Web site: Mundhra . Shreya . 2 January 2022 . Boosting Indian Navy's Firepower, DRDO Launches Nuclear Submarine With 'Vertical Launch System' . 3 August 2023.
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  43. Web site: Gupta. Saurabh. 20 April 2015. Neelakantan. Shailaja. INS Visakhapatnam, India's Most Powerful, Lethal Destroyer Launched in Mazgaon Dock. NDTV. 20 April 2015.
  44. Web site: Stealth guided missile destroyer Imphal commissioned into Navy . 2023-12-26 . www.telegraphindia.com . en.
  45. Web site: Annual Report 2017–2018. 11 May 2019. mazagondock.in. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited. 4.
  46. Web site: Commencement of Production of Third Ship of Project – 17A. 11 May 2019. www.psuconnect.in.
  47. News: Dominguez. Gabriel. 14 November 2018. GRSE lays keel for Indian Navy's second Project 17A frigate. IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. https://web.archive.org/web/20181114194943/https://www.janes.com/article/84579/grse-lays-keel-for-indian-navy-s-second-project-17a-frigate. 14 November 2018.
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  73. News: 2018-10-30. GRSE to build four survey vehicles for Indian Navy, contract inked. The Economic Times.
  74. News: Indian Navy signs contract for autonomous armed boat swarms under SPRINT scheme. The Hindu. 7 January 2023 .
  75. Web site: Curtain Raiser: Launch Of Two Diving Support Vessels At Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Vizag On 22 Sep 2022 . 2022-09-22 . pib.gov.in.
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