| Honorific-Prefix: | Ason |
| Fujiwara no Muchimaro | |
| Native Name: | 藤原 武智麻呂 |
| Office: | Minister of the Left |
| Term Start: | August 28, 737 |
| Term End: | August 29, 737 |
| Office2: | Minister of the Right |
| Term Start2: | 734 |
| Term End2: | August 737 |
| Monarch2: | Emperor Shōmu |
| Office3: | Dainagon |
| Term Start3: | 729 |
| Term End3: | 734 |
| Monarch3: | Emperor Shōmu |
| Office4: | Head of Ministry of Civil Services |
| Term Start4: | 718 |
| Term End4: | 729 |
| Monarch4: | Empress Genshō |
| Birth Date: | 680 |
| Death Date: | August 29, 737 |
| Death Cause: | smallpox |
| Nationality: | Japanese |
| Parents: | Fujiwara no Fuhito, Soga no Shōshi |
| Spouse: | Sada-hime |
| Children: |
|
| Occupation: | kuge, politician |
was a Japanese courtier (kuge) and politician of the late Asuka and early Nara period. He founded the Nanke ("Southern") branch of the Fujiwara clan.[1] His court rank is Senior First Rank.
Muchimaro is the eldest son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, and his mother Soga no Shōshi is the daughter of Soga no Murajiko.
He married a granddaughter of Abe no Miushi, with whom he had two sons Fujiwara no Toyonari and Fujiwara no Nakamaro. Among his daughters was consort of Emperor Shōmu.
Muchimaro became the head of Ministry of Civil Services in 718. When Fuhito, Muchimaro's father, died in 720, Prince Nagaya was at the highest rank in the state government. Prince Nagaya was grandson of Emperor Tenmu, but not a son of Fujiwara family, therefore was seen as a threat by Muchimaro and his three brothers. After successfully removing Prince Nagaya in 729, Muchimaro rose to Dainagon (Counselor of the first rank).
In 734, he was promoted to Udaijin or "Minister of the Right".[1] In 737, he was made Sadaijin or "Minister of the Left", but died of smallpox the following day.[1]
The History of the Fujiwara House (Tōshi Kaden 藤氏家伝) included his biography and states the following: "Muchimaro, the Fujiwara Great Minister of the Left, was a man from the Sakyō district. He was the oldest son of the Head of the Council of State Fuhito, and his mother was a daughter of the Soga Great Minister of the Treasury. He was born in the mansion at Ōhara on the fifteenth day of the fourth month of 680, the ninth year since the enthronement of the sovereign Tenmu. Because he cultivated righteousness, he received this name."[2]