| Malus pumila, Fuji | |
| Genus: | Malus |
| Species: | M. pumila |
| Hybrid: | Red Delicious × Ralls Janet |
| Cultivar: | Fuji |
| Origin: | Fujisaki, Aomori (1930s) |
The is an apple cultivar developed by growers at the in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in the late 1930s,[1] and brought to market in 1962. It originated as a cross between two American apple varieties—the Red Delicious and old Virginia Ralls Janet (sometimes cited as "Rawls Jennet") apples. According to the US Apple Association website it is one of the nine most popular apple cultivars in the United States.[2] Its name is derived from the first part of the town where it was developed: Fujisaki.[3]
Fuji apples are typically round and range from large to very large, averaging 75mm in diameter. They contain from 9–11% sugars by weight and have a dense flesh that is sweeter and crisper than many other apple cultivars, making them popular with consumers around the world. Fuji apples also have a very long shelf life compared to other apples, even without refrigeration. With refrigeration, Fuji apples can remain fresh for up to a year.[4]
In Japan, Fuji apples continue to be an unrivaled best-seller. Japanese consumers prefer the crispy texture and sweetness of Fuji apples (which is somewhat reminiscent of the coveted Nashi pear) almost to the exclusion of other varieties and Japan's apple imports remain low.[5] Aomori Prefecture, home of the Fuji apple, is the best known apple growing region of Japan. Of the roughly 900,000 tons of Japanese apples produced annually, 500,000 tons come from Aomori.
Outside Japan, the popularity of Fuji apples continues to grow. In 2016 and 2017, Fuji apples accounted for nearly 70% of China's 43 million tons grown.[6] Since their introduction into the US market in the 1980s, Fuji apples have gained popularity with American consumers — as of 2016, Fuji apples ranked number 3 on the US Apple Association's list of most popular apples, only trailing Red Delicious and Gala.[7] Fuji apples are grown in traditional apple-growing states such as Washington, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, and California. Washington State, where more than half of America's apple crop is grown, produces about 135,000 tons of Fuji apples each year, third in volume behind Red Delicious and Gala varieties.[8]
In the United States and Canada, the Price look-up code (PLU code) for Fuji apples is 4131.
Many sports (mutant cultivars) of the Fuji apple have been recognized and propagated. In addition to those that have remained unpatented, twenty had received US plant patents by August 2008:
| Date | "Inventor" | Marketed as | Mutated from | Assignee | Habit | Pattern | Earlier | Color | Plant patent number | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 29, 1989 | Hiraragi | Yataka | Fuji | Makoto Okada | standard | stripe | 1 Month | – | ||
| Oct 6, 1992 | Yahagi | Heisei Fuji, Beni Shogun9645 | Yataka7001 | Nakajima Tenkoen | standard | solid | no | dark red | ||
| Nov 17, 1992 | Cooper | T.A.C.#114 | Redsport Type 2 | T.A.C. | spur | stripe | 10–14 days | more brilliant red, 80—90% | ||
| Sep 26, 1995 | Fukuda | Tensei | Fuji | Fukushima Tenkoen | standard, larger | stripe | no | same | ||
| Apr 16, 1996 | Lynd | Fuji-Spike | Fuji | Lynd | spur | stripe | 0–5 days | same | ||
| Sep 24, 1996 | Van Leuven | Myra | unknown red strain | C & O | standard | blush w/ subtle stripe | 1 week | bright pink | ||
| Dec 9, 1997 | Auvil | Fuji 216 | T.A.C.#1148032 | Auvil | standard | blush | 5–21 days | brighter red, 90—100% | ||
| Mar 24, 1998 | Coopr & Perkins | Fuji Compact T.A.C. #114 | T.A.C.#1148032 | T.A.C. | spur | same | same | same | ||
| Jan 25, 2000 | Van Leuven | Fiero | Yataka7001 | C & O | standard | indistinct stripe | 7–10 days | more intense blush | ||
| Sep 18, 2001 | Snyder | Snyder | BC 2 | Snyder | semi-spur | heavy stripe | same | same | ||
| Nov 27, 2001 | Torres | Triple E | BC 2 | – | standard | 85—100% blush | 10–14 days | solid red | ||
| Apr 16, 2002 | Rankin | Rankin Red | Yakata7001 | Twin Springs Fruit Farm | standard | 70—90% blush | 5 days | more intense | ||
| Nov. 11, 2003 | Teague | Irene | BC 2 | – | standard | solid | 60 days | yellow | ||
| Oct 26, 2004 | Braun | Brak | Fuji | Kiku | standard | striped | earlier | ruby red | ||
| Feb 21, 2006 | Clevenger | Fugachee | Fuji | – | standard | 70—90% blush | 14 days before Fiero | – | ||
| Jun 6, 2006 | Banning | Banning Red | Desert Rose Fuji | Banning | standard | stripe | – | redder | ||
| Aug 14, 2007 | Lee, Edwards, Delugar | CABp | Nagafu 6 | CABp 4 | standard | stripe | – | "superior" | ||
| Sep 11, 2007 | Eppich | Eppich 2 | T.A.C. #1148032 | – | standard | blush with light stripe | unclear | yellow and red | ||
| Apr 29, 2008 | Braun | Fuji Fubrax | Fuji | Kiku SRL | standard | dark ruby red stripes and blush | late | green-yellow | ||
| Jul 29, 2008 | Leis, Mazzola | Fujiko | Nagafu 12 | Consorzio Italiano Vivaisti | standard | diffused | – | more intense red |
Unpatented Fuji mutants include: