Frontiers Media Explained

Frontiers Media
Founder:Kamila Markram and Henry Markram
Country:Switzerland
Headquarters:Lausanne
Publications:Open access scientific journals
Topics:Medicine, life sciences, technology
Numemployees:>1,400 (2022)

Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals[1] currently active in science, technology, and medicine. It was founded in 2007 by Kamila and Henry Markram.[2] Frontiers is based in Lausanne, Switzerland, with offices in the United Kingdom, Spain, and China.[3] In 2022, Frontiers employed more than 1,400 people, across 14 countries. All Frontiers journals are published under a Creative Commons Attribution License.[4]

In 2015, Frontiers Media was classified as a possible predatory publisher by Jeffrey Beall,[5] though Beall's list was taken offline two years later[6] in a decision that remains controversial.

History

The first journal published was Frontiers in Neuroscience, which opened for submission as a beta version in 2007. In 2010, Frontiers launched a series of another 11 journals in medicine and science. In February 2012, the Frontiers Research Network was launched,[7] a social networking platform for researchers, intended to disseminate the open access articles published in the Frontiers journals, and to provide related conferences, blogs, news, video lectures and job postings.[8]

In February 2013, the Nature Publishing Group (NPG) (now Nature Research) acquired a controlling interest in Frontiers Media,[9] however collaboration between the Nature Publishing Group and Frontiers ended in 2015.[10]

Frontiers for Young Minds was launched in November 2013 during the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in collaboration with NPG as a web-based science journal that involves young people in the review of scientific articles with the help of scientists who act as mentors.[11] [12] In early September 2014, Frontiers received the ALPSP Gold Award for Innovation in Publishing from the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers.[13]

In October 2015, Frontiers (in collaboration with NPG) launched Loop, a research network that is open to be integrated into any publisher's or academic organization's website,[14] [15] and Loop soon included a collaboration with ORCID to link and synchronize researcher profile information.[16] The Technical University of Madrid was the first university to link their Loop profile to their institutional website.[17]

In 2019, Frontiers joined the Initiative for Open Citations.[18]

In May 2020, Frontiers Media launched its Artificial Intelligence Review Assistant software to external editors.[19] The software helps identify conflicts of interest and plagiarism, assesses manuscript and peer review quality, and recommends editors and reviewers,[19] [20] although the software does not flag all forms of conflict of interest, such as undisclosed funding sources or affiliations.[19]

In 2022, a group of publishers including Frontiers Media joined the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers' STM Integrity Hub, an initiative to provide publishers with tools to combat journal article submissions with integrity issues from research paper mills.[21]

List of journals

The Frontiers journals use open peer review, where the names of reviewers of accepted articles are made public.[22]

In February 2016, the company published 54 journals,[23] a number that grew to over 230 journals by 2024.[24] The collection of all the journals in the series is sometimes considered a megajournal, as is the BioMed Central series.[25] [26] Some journals, such as Frontiers in Human Neuroscience[27] or Frontiers in Microbiology[28] are considered megajournals on their own. Some journals published by Frontiers are:as well as

Indexing and abstracting

The National Publication Committee of Norway has assigned Frontiers Media an institutional-level rating of "level 0" in the Norwegian Scientific Index since 2018, indicating that the publisher is "not academic",[29] however individual Frontiers journals have separate journal-level ratings. As of 2022, 96 Frontiers journals are listed in the Norwegian Scientific Index, of which 2 have a rating of "level 2" (top 20% of all journals in their field), over 88 have a rating of "level 1" (standard academic), 1 has a rating of level X (possibly predatory), and 5 have a rating of "level 0" (not academic).

As of 2022, Frontiers publishes over 185 academic journals, including 48 journals indexed within the Science Citation Index Expanded, and 4 journals indexed within the Social Sciences Citation Index,[30] with a total of 51 journals ranked with an impact factor.[31] Furthermore, as of 2021, 9 Frontiers Media journals have been selected for inclusion in MEDLINE.[32]

In broader databases, Frontiers has over 200 journals indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ),[33] over 60 journals listed in PubMed Central (PMC),[34] and over 110 journals listed in Scopus.[35]

Frontiers journals are included in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); the publisher has been on DOAJ's advisory board & council since 2019.[36] Frontiers is also a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA); a participating publisher and supporter of the Initiative for Open Citations; a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE); and a member of the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (STM). Frontiers publishes over 220 academic journals, and following the 2023 release of the Web of Science Group's Journal Citation Reports (JCR 2022) and Scopus' CiteScore, 72 of the journals published by Frontiers have a Journal Impact Factor and 79 journals have a CiteScore.[37]

Controversies

Editorial concerns

In May 2015, Frontiers Media removed the entire editorial boards of Frontiers in Medicine and Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine after editors complained that Frontiers Media staff were "interfering with editorial decisions and violating core principles of medical publishing". In total 31 editors were removed. Following this incident, Nature Publishing Group ended its collaboration with Frontiers with the intent "never to mention again that Nature Publishing Group has some kind of involvement in Frontiers."

In June 2015, Retraction Watch referred to the publisher as one with "a history of badly handled and controversial retractions and publishing decisions".[38]

According to researchers referenced in a 2015 blog post quoted by Allison and James Kaufman in the 2018 book , "Frontiers has used an in-house journals management software that does not give reviewers the option to recommend the rejection of manuscripts" and the "system is setup to make it almost impossible to reject papers".[39] However, as of 2022, Frontiers maintains that reviewers are given the option to reject papers with specific recommendations.[40]

In 2017, further editors were removed, allegedly for their rejection rate being high. In December 2017, Adam Marcus and Ivan Oransky of Retraction Watch wrote in the magazine Nautilus that the acceptance rate of manuscripts in Frontiers journals was reported to be near 90%.[41]

In 2022, the editors of a special issue with the online journal Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics voiced their concerns about the editorial practices at Frontiers, including flaws in the peer review process, unwillingness to discuss these concerns, and forbidding the editors from writing about their concerns in the editorial of the special issue.[42]

In January 2023, Zhejiang Gongshang University (浙江工商大学) in Hangzhou, China, announced it would no longer include articles published in Hindawi, MDPI, and Frontiers journals when evaluating researcher performance.[43] [44]

Inclusion in Beall's list

In October 2015, Frontiers was added to Beall's List of "Potential, possible, or probable" predatory open-access publishers.[45] [46] The inclusion was met with backlash among some researchers. Daniël Lakens, researcher at the Eindhoven University of Technology, said "articles people have published in Frontiers are no longer judged based on their own quality, but are now seen as less valuable because Frontiers is on Beall's list" and that "[h]aving a single influential individual cast doubt on such a huge journal feels very unfair".[47] At the time, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) said that "there have been vigorous discussions about, and some editors are uncomfortable with, the editorial processes at Frontiers" but that "the processes are declared clearly on the publisher's site and we do not believe there is any attempt to deceive either editors or authors about these processes".[48] Frontiers was a member of COPE; the statement concluded that "we have no concerns about Frontiers being a COPE member and are happy to work with them". For transparency, COPE added that one of Frontiers' employees, Mirjam Curno, sits on COPE's council, although that employee was not involved in the statement.

In July 2016 the maintainer of Beall's List, Jeff Beall, recommended that academics not publish their work in Frontiers journals, stating "the fringe science published in Frontiers journals stigmatizes the honest research submitted and published there",[49] and in October of that year Beall reported that reviewers have called the review process "merely for show".[50]

In September 2016, Frontiers demanded that the university where Beall worked force him to retract his claims.[51] [52] Beall deleted his blacklist in January 2017.[53] Pressure by Frontiers was reported to be a large factor in the controversial shutdown of Beall's List.

Controversial articles

In April 2013, Frontiers in Psychology retracted a controversial article linking climate change denialism and "conspiracist ideation";[54] the retraction was itself also controversial and led to the resignations of at least three editors.[55]

In late September 2014, Frontiers in Public Health published a controversial article that supported HIV denialism; three days later the publisher issued a statement of concern and announced an investigation into the review process of the article.[56] It was eventually decided that the article would not be retracted but instead was reclassified as an opinion piece.[57] It has since been retracted.[58]

In November 2016, a paper in Frontiers in Public Health linking vaccines to autism was provisionally-accepted, then retracted. Public criticism noted the paper relied on flawed methodology for reliable results, basing its conclusions only on an online questionnaire, filled in by 415 mothers of school children who self-reported whether their children had neurodevelopmental disorders, and their vaccination status.[59]

In 2021, a provisionally accepted controversial paper in Frontiers in Pharmacology on COVID-19 and the use of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin was ultimately rejected by the editors as it contained "unsubstantiated claims and violated the journal's editorial policies". This drew anger from the authors of the paper, who called the move "censorship".[60] Retraction Watch noted that this was not the first time Frontiers provisionally accepted and then rejected a controversial paper.[61]

A study published in Frontiers in Virology in February 2022 said that Moderna had patented a 19 nucleotide genetic sequence uniquely matching a part of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein three years prior to the pandemic, arguing it was evidence that the virus was manufactured as part of a lab leak conspiracy.[62] [63] The study has been widely derided for its misunderstanding of statistical likelihood, particularly as the 19 nucleotide sequence is not unique to SARS-CoV-2, and is also found in organisms like bacteria and birds.[64] Craig Wilen, an immunobiology professor of the Yale School of Medicine, likened the study to "complete garbage" and a "conspiracy theory" rather than legitimate research.[65] A now-retracted 2024 paper published in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology[66] was criticized for having figures AI generated with Midjourney, described as featuring "garbled text and a wildly incorrect diagram of a rat penis".[67] Microbiologist and scientific integrity consultant Elisabeth Bik described it as being "a sad example of how scientific journals, editors, and peer reviewers can be naive—or possibly even in the loop—in terms of accepting and publishing AI-generated crap".[68]

Notes and References

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  3. Web site: About Frontiers | Academic Journals and Research Community . 6 September 2019 . 15 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190915094514/https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact . live .
  4. Web site: Frontiers Copyright Statement. 2018. 2019-09-25. 25 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190925061823/https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/copyright-statement. live.
  5. Bloudoff-Indelicato . Mollie . 2015 . Backlash after Frontiers journals added to list of questionable publishers . Nature . en . 526 . 7575 . 613 . 10.1038/526613f . 2015Natur.526..613B . 4391970 . 1476-4687. free .
  6. Web site: No More 'Beall's List' . 12 December 2023 . 14 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170614232627/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/01/18/librarians-list-predatory-journals-reportedly-removed-due-threats-and-politics . live .
  7. Web site: Frontiers launches Social Networking for Scientists . 9 February 2012 . Frontiers Media . 3 May 2012 . 14 June 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120614141353/http://www.frontiersin.org/blog/Frontiers_launches_social_networking_for_scientists/18 . live .
  8. Web site: Events . Frontiers Media . 2015-10-21 . 10 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120510161923/http://www.frontiersin.org/events/all_events . live .
  9. News: P. . J. . Changing Nature . 2013-02-27 . The Economist . 2014-12-17 . 11 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170711195824/https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/02/scientific-publishing . live .
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  11. Web site: Frontiers for Young Minds Launches at USA Science and Engineering Festival . Frontiers . 2015-10-21 . 28 June 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150628073843/http://www.frontiersin.org/news/Frontiers_for_Young_Minds_Launches_at_USA_Science_and_Engineering_Festival/628 . live .
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  14. Web site: Frontiers Loop . Frontiers . 2015-10-21 . 28 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150528001754/http://loop.frontiersin.org/about . live .
  15. Web site: Frontiers launches Loop social network . The Bookseller . 2015-10-21 . 20 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150520195133/http://www.thebookseller.com/news/frontiers-launches-loop-social-network . live .
  16. Web site: ORCID and Loop new researcher profile system . Orcid . 2015-10-26 . 2015-10-07 . 10 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151110070825/http://orcid.org/blog/2015/10/07/orcid-and-loop-new-researcher-profile-system-integration? . live .
  17. Web site: UPM leads way as first university to integrate Loop . loop . 2015-10-26 . 2015-07-07 . 7 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150907035342/http://blog.loop.frontiersin.org/2015/07/07/upm-leads-way-as-first-university-to-integrate-loop/ . live .
  18. Web site: Initiative for Open Citations . 2019-09-01 . 7 April 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170407054315/https://i4oc.org/ . live .
  19. News: November 23, 2020 . Do You Have a Conflict of Interest? This Robotic Assistant May Find It First . . January 4, 2021 . 7 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107220045/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/23/science/conflict-of-interest-ai.html . live .
  20. News: July 27, 2020 . Peer Review of Scholarly Research Gets an AI Boost . . January 4, 2021 . 8 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108095633/https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/robotics/artificial-intelligence/peer-review-of-scholarly-research-gets-an-ai-boost . live .
  21. News: Paper-mill detector put to the test in push to stamp out fake science . Else . Holly . . December 2, 2022 . December 8, 2022 . 20 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221220185203/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04245-8 . live .
  22. Helmer. Markus. Schottdorf. Manuel. Neef. Andreas. Battaglia. Demian. Gender bias in scholarly peer review. eLife. 21 March 2017. 6. 10.7554/elife.21718. 28322725. 5360442 . free .
  23. Spezi . Valerie . Simon . Wakeling . Stephen . Pinfield . Claire . Creaser . Jenny . Fry . Peter . Willett . Open-access mega-journals: The future of scholarly communication or academic dumping ground? A review . Journal of Documentation . 73 . 2 . 263 - 283 . 10.1108/JD-06-2016-0082 . Series, such as the BMC Series ... or Frontiers in [...] Series ... might, taken as a whole, be viewed as a broad disciplinary scope journal. This is particularly the case when series titles seem to be marketed and managed as a coherent set rather than as separate titles. . 2017 . 20 February 2019 . 27 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181127215343/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/105279/8/JD-06-2016-0082.pdf . live .
  24. Web site: Journals A-Z. Frontiers Media. 2 June 2020. 25 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200525150824/https://www.frontiersin.org/about/journals-a-z. live.
  25. Domnina . T. N. . A megajournal as a new type of scientific publication . Scientific and Technical Information Processing . 43 . 4 . 2016 . 241 - 250 . 10.3103/S0147688216040079. 17769019 .
  26. Book: Binfield, Peter . 2013-12-17 . Opening Science . Novel Scholarly Journal Concepts . 155 - 163 . 10.1007/978-3-319-00026-8_10 . . 978-3-319-00025-1 . S. . Bartling . S. . Friesike.
  27. Web site: Mark . Ware . Michael . Mabe . 2015 . The STM Report: An overview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing . . 23 March 2018 . 30 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200630010435/https://www.stm-assoc.org/wp-content/themes/stm2014/docs.php?name=2015_02_20_STM_Report_2015.pdf . live .
  28. Patrick D. . Schloss . Mark . Johnston . Arturo . Casadevall . Support science by publishing in scientific society journals . mBio . 2017-09-26 . 8 . 5 . e0163317 . 10.1128/mBio.01633-17. 28951482 . 5615203 .
  29. Web site: Frontiers . . . 9 May 2021 . 5 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230405015523/https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/KanalForlagInfo.action?id=26841&bibsys=false . live .
  30. Web site: company . Web of Science Group, a Clarivate . Web of Science Master Journal List . 2022-11-23 . Web of Science Group, a Clarivate company . en . 20 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200620100246/https://mjl.clarivate.com/ . live .
  31. Web site: Frontiers Frontiers' Impact . 2022-11-23 . www.frontiersin.org . en . 23 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221123215049/https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact . live .
  32. Web site: currentlyindexed[All Fields] AND currentlyindexedelectronic[All Fields - NLM Catalog - NCBI|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=17 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217014241/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/?term=currentlyindexed%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+currentlyindexedelectronic%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+Frontiers%5Bpubl%5D&cmd=DetailsSearch|url-status=live].
  33. Web site: Journals . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217014240/https://doaj.org/search/journals?ref=toc&source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22bibjson.publisher.name.exact%22%3A%5B%22Frontiers%20Media%20S.A.%22%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22index.has_seal.exact%22%3A%22Yes%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D . 17 February 2024 . May 25, 2021 . Directory of Open Access Journals.
  34. Web site: PMC Journals . . May 27, 2021 . 10 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220410225335/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/?filter=t2&titles=current&search=journals . live .
  35. Web site: Scopus Sources . . May 27, 2021 . 15 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210515104235/https://www.scopus.com/sources.uri . live .
  36. Web site: Directory of Open Access Journals – DOAJ . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231212233159/https://doaj.org/about/advisory-board-council/ . 12 December 2023 . 12 December 2023.
  37. Web site: Impact — Frontiers Progress Report 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231212233159/https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/impact . 12 December 2023 . 12 December 2023.
  38. Web site: "[T]hese things can happen in every lab:" Mutant plant paper uprooted after authors correct their own findings ]. Megan Scudellari . 2015-06-02 . . 5 December 2015 . 8 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151208064810/http://retractionwatch.com/2015/06/02/mutant-plant-paper-uprooted-after-authors-correct-their-own-findings/ . live .
  39. Book: Kaufman. Allison B.. Kaufman. James C.. Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science. 2018. MIT Press. 9780262037426. 292. Frontiers has used an in-house journal management software that does not give reviewers the option to recommend the rejection of manuscripts they have reviewed. The publisher's systems are set up to make it almost impossible to reject papers, perhaps to keep potential revenue from jumping to a rival publisher. Increasingly, journal management software is designed to optimize a publisher's revenue.. 17 October 2020. 17 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240217014340/https://books.google.com/books?id=dwFKDwAAQBAJ&q=Frontiers&pg=PA304#v=snippet&q=Frontiers&f=false. live.
  40. Web site: "Review Editor Guidelines" . 2023-04-04 . . 14 April 2023 . 14 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230414221159/https://www.frontiersin.org/Design/pdf/RE_Guidelines.pdf . live .
  41. Marcus . Adam . Oransky . Ivan . 7 December 2017 . Why Garbage Science Gets Published . Nautilus . 23 March 2018 . 16 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180316170406/http://nautil.us/issue/55/trust/why-garbage-science-gets-published . live .
  42. Web site: Reflections on guest editing a Frontiers journal . 2022-11-14 . www.leidenmadtrics.nl . 31 October 2022 . en . 14 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114113616/https://www.leidenmadtrics.nl/articles/reflections-on-guest-editing-a-frontiers-journal . live .
  43. Web site: ForeignFriends . MDPI, Frontiers & Hindawi are blacklisted by a university . 2023-01-27 . Weixin Official Accounts Platform . 27 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230127072513/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5OTY5OTU0Nw

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    . live .
  44. Web site: 突发：一高校将Frontiers、MDPI、Hindawi三大OA出版社旗下所有期刊纳入黑名单！_社会科学_教育部_学科 . 2023-01-27 . www.sohu.com . 17 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217014258/https://www.sohu.com/ . live .
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  47. Bloudoff-Indelicato. Mollie. October 2015. Backlash after Frontiers journals added to list of questionable publishers. Nature. en. 526. 7575. 613. 10.1038/526613f. 2015Natur.526..613B. 4391970. 1476-4687. free.
  48. Web site: COPE statement on Frontiers . COPE . October 2015 . 2015-11-12 . 23 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151123204109/http://publicationethics.org/news/cope-statement-frontiers . live . COPE October 2015 News Index
  49. News: Beall. Jeffrey. 14 July 2016. More Fringe Science from Borderline Publisher Frontiers. Scholarly Open Access. https://web.archive.org/web/20160809165213/https://scholarlyoa.com/2016/07/14/more-fringe-science-from-borderline-publisher-frontiers/. 9 August 2016.
  50. Web site: Beall. Jeffrey. Reviewer to Frontiers: Your Review Process is Merely for Show — I quit. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152107/https://scholarlyoa.com/2016/10/27/reviewer-to-frontiers-your-review-process-is-merely-for-show-i-quit/. 27 November 2016. 26 November 2016. Scholarly Open Access.
  51. Web site: Schneider. Leonid. Beall-listed Frontiers empire strikes back. For Better Science. 26 November 2016. Frontiers disagrees with this librarian's privately held views, the publisher demands of his academic employer to impose disciplinary measures or coercion against Beall.. 2016-09-14. 27 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127085127/https://forbetterscience.wordpress.com/2016/09/14/beall-listed-frontiers-empire-strikes-back/. live.
  52. Web site: Basken. Paul. Why Beall's List Died — and What It Left Unresolved About Open Access. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 12 September 2017. 2017-03-14. 15 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070545/https://www.chronicle.com/article/Why-Beall-s-List-Died-/241171. live.
  53. Swauger. Shea. 2017-12-01. Open access, power, and privilege: A response to "What I learned from predatory publishing". College & Research Libraries News. 78. 11. 603–606. 10.5860/crln.78.11.603. free.
  54. Herndon. J. Marvin. Human and Environmental Dangers Posed by Ongoing Global Tropospheric Aerosolized Particulates for Weather Modification. Frontiers in Public Health. 2016-06-30. 4. 139. 139. 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00139. 27433467. 4927569. free.
  55. Web site: Chief specialty editor resigns from Frontiers in wake of controversial retraction . . 2015-10-21 . 2014-04-09 . 6 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006180626/http://retractionwatch.com/2014/04/09/chief-specialty-editor-resigns-from-frontiers-in-wake-of-controversial-retraction/ . live .
  56. Web site: Publisher issues statement of concern about HIV denial paper, launches investigation . . 2015-10-21 . 2014-09-26 . 29 September 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140929090928/http://retractionwatch.com/2014/09/26/publisher-issues-statement-of-concern-about-hiv-denial-paper-launches-investigation/ . live .
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  58. Questioning the HIV-AIDS hypothesis: 30 years of dissent. 2014. 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00154. 25695040. Goodson. P.. Frontiers in Public Health. 2. 154. 4172096. free.
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