List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (E) explained

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945. This number is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.

These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, German: Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996, the second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany in the final days of World War II in Europe left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.

Listed here are the 188 Knight's Cross recipients whose last name starts with "E". Scherzer has challenged the validity of three of these listings. The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.

Background

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, German: [[Reichsgesetzblatt]] I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (German: Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[1] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment German: Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[2] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment German: Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[3] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment German: Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[4]

Recipients

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade. Of the 188 awards made to servicemen whose last name starts with "E", 22 were later awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and two the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords; eleven presentations were made posthumously. Heer members received 126 of the medals, six went to the Kriegsmarine, 41 to the Luftwaffe, and 15 to the Waffen-SS.



NameServiceRankRole and unit[5] Date of awardNotesImage
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader of the Stabskompanie (Pionierzug)/Grenadier-Regiment 50
[6] Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3./Kampfgeschwader 53 "Legion Condor"
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantStaffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter"
+Heer15-HMajorCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 220Awarded 763rd Oak Leaves 5 March 1945
Luftwaffe09-LFeldwebelPilot in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"
+Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Panzer-Regiment 35Awarded 42nd Oak Leaves 31 December 1941
Waffen-SS16-WSS-ObersturmbannführerIa (operations officer) of the 3. SS-Panzer-Division "Totenkopf"
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 60. Infanterie-Division (motorized)
Waffen-SS15-WSS-SturmbannführerCommander of estn. SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Bataillon "Narwa"Killed in action 21 July 1943
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 6./Kampfgeschwader 76Killed in action 31 May 1944
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3./Nachtschlacht-Gruppe 20
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantChief of the 10./Flak-Regiment 23 (motorized)
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelCompany troop leader in the 12./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 13
Heer16-HOberstleutnant of the ReservesCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 464
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 137
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 9./Grenadier-Regiment 7
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the 4./Panzer-Regiment 4
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantAdjutant of the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the III./Grenadier-Regiment 521
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantObserver in the 4.(H)/Aufklärungs-Gruppe 31
+Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9Awarded 634th Oak Leaves 28 October 1944
+Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54Awarded 82nd Oak Leaves 12 March 1942
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 9./Panzer-Regiment 33
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 11./Jäger-Regiment 229
Waffen-SS13-WSS-Obersturmführer of the ReservesLeader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 3 "Deutschland" of the SS-Panzer-Kampfgruppe "Das Reich"
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 11 (motorized)Killed in action 11 August 1942
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Panzer-Abteilung 8
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Jäger-Regiment 38Awarded 644th Oak Leaves 3 November 1944
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 503
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Artillerie-Regiment 178
+Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the II./Schützen-Regiment 1Awarded 48th Oak Leaves 31 December 1941
Waffen-SS04-WSS-RottenführerRichtschütze (gunner) in the 1./SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 12 "Hitlerjugend"
+Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Radfahr-Abteilung 1Awarded 162nd Oak Leaves 23 December 1942
105th Swords 23 October 1944
Heer17-HOberstAbschnittskommandant eines Verteidigungsabschnitts (defensive sector commander) in Berlin
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 6./Jagdgeschwader 1Awarded 663rd Oak Leaves 25 November 1944
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 481
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 7./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 19
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 407
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 1.(gepanzert)/Panzergrenadier-Regiment 11Died of wounds 13 April 1944
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesAide-de-camp in the Stab/Grenadier-Regiment 680
+Heer15-HMajorCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 94Awarded 468th Oak Leaves 4 May 1944
?Waffen-SS13-WSS-ObersturmführerZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 502
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantLeader of the 10./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 1Awarded 510th Oak Leaves 24 June 1944
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannChief of the 3./Flak-Regiment 64
Heer06-HUnteroffizierRichtschütze (gunner) in the 7./Panzer-Regiment 6
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 7./Grenadier-Regiment 116
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 13.(IG)/Infanterie-Regiment 490
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesChief of the 2./Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 912
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantLeader of the 8./Luftnachrichten-Regiment 53
Heer18-HGeneralmajorCommander of the 4. Gebirgs-Division
Heer06-HOberjägerGroup leader in the 6./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 100
+Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesLeader of the 1./Kradschützen-Bataillon 15Awarded 673rd Oak Leaves 29 November 1944
Luftwaffe15-LMajorGruppenkommandeur of the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 3./Jagdgeschwader 1 "Oesau"
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 162
Waffen-SS16-WSS-ObersturmbannführerCommander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9 "Germania"
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 53Killed in action 8 March 1944
Heer16-HOberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Ia (operations officer) of the 22. Infanterie-Division (LL)
+Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 5Awarded 265th Oak Leaves 2 August 1943
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 41 (motorized)
+Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 131Awarded 50th Oak Leaves 31 December 1941
21st Swords 19 December 1942
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 6./Grenadier-Regiment 282
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the Stab/Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 6./Schützen-Regiment 11
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Panzer-Regiment 36
Waffen-SS14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer of the ReservesIn the Stab SS-Pionier-Bataillon 5 "Wiking"
Heer14-HHauptmannDeputy leader of the II./Artillerie-Regiment 20 (motorized)
Heer17-HOberst of the ReservesCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 306
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 189
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 212
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 6./Panzer-Regiment 29
Luftwaffe09-LFeldwebelPilot in the 4./Kampfgeschwader 30
Heer15-HMajor of the ReservesCommander of leichte Flak-Abteilung 854 (motorized)
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 436
Kriegsmarine13-MOberleutnant zur SeeCommander of
+Waffen-SS19-WSS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SSCommander of SS-Division "Totenkopf"Awarded 88th Oak Leaves 20 April 1942
+Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 171Awarded 283rd Oak Leaves 24 August 1943
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 8.(MG)/Grenadier-Regiment 97
[7] Heer14-HRittmeisterLeader of the II./Reiter-Regiment 32
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 105
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Grenadier-Regiment Gruppe 184
called von RothmalerHeer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesVorgeschobener Beobachter (forward observer) in the I./Artillerie-Regiment 230
?Heer17-HOberstCommander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 21Suicide 8 May 1945
Heer04-HObergefreiterIn the III./Jäger-Regiment 38
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 8.(MG)/Grenadier-Regiment 366
+Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the III./Grenadier-Regiment 61Awarded 695th Oak Leaves 12 January 1945
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3./Jagdgeschwader 54
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the Stabskompanie/Grenadier-Regiment 176
Heer09-HFeldwebelReconnaissance troop leader in the 1.(Panzerspäh)/Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 23
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 156 (motorized)
Heer09-HFeldwebelPioneer Zugführer (platoon leader) in the Stabskompanie/Grenadier-Regiment 62
?Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 98
Heer15-HMajorLeader of Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 98
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannCommander of the III./Luftwaffen-Jäger-Regiment 30
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 212
Heer16-HOberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Ia (operations officer) of the 13. Panzer-Division
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 330
+Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 2./Grenadier-Regiment 95Awarded 347th Oak Leaves 5 December 1943
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelObserver in the 14.(Eis)/Kampfgeschwader 27 "Boelcke"
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 2./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 14
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the Heeres-Pionier-Bataillon 52 (motorized)
+Heer18-HGeneralmajorLeader of the 9. Panzer-DivisionAwarded 801st Oak Leaves 23 March 1945
Luftwaffe16-LOberstleutnantCommander of Kampfgruppe 806Killed in action 28 June 1941
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 464
+Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantCommander of Awarded 256th Oak Leaves 4 July 1943
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 282
Kriegsmarine17-MKapitän zur SeeHarbor commander of "Saint-Malo"
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 49
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 545
+Kriegsmarine13-MOberleutnant zur SeeCommander of Awarded 14th Oak Leaves 10 June 1941
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the I./Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 74
Heer19-HGeneralleutnant zur Verwendung (for disposition)Commander of the 212. Infanterie-Division
Waffen-SS14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer of the ReservesLeader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 6 "Theodor Eicke"
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesChief of the 4./Artillerie-Regiment 219
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 3
+Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Füsilier-Regiment 27Awarded 679th Oak Leaves 11 December 1944
Heer06-HUnteroffizier of the ReservesGun leader of the 2./Sturm-Geschütz-Abteilung 259
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 1122
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnant of the ReservesPilot in the 5./Kampfgeschwader 53 "Legion Condor"
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3./Nachtjagdgeschwader 5
Heer18-HGeneralmajorCommander of the 163. Infanterie-Division
Heer09-HWachtmeisterZugführer (platoon leader) of the 1./Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 98
Waffen-SS14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer and Hauptmann of the SchupoLeader of the II./SS-Polizei-Schützen-Regiment 19
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 30 (motorized)
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantChief of 8./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 6
Heer10-HOberwachtmeister of the ReservesZugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Heeres-Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 232
Heer15-HMajorLeader of Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 15
+Heer15-HMajorLeader of Panzer-Aufklärung-Abteilung 12Awarded 788th Oak Leaves 16 March 1945
Heer14-HHauptmannChief of the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 912
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 523Died of wounds 1 September 1942
Luftwaffe09-LFeldwebelPilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"
Heer15-HMajorLeader of Grenadier-Regiment 97
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannGruppenkommandeur of the II./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the II./Infanterie-Regiment 125 (motorized)
Waffen-SS15-WSS-SturmbannführerCommander of the I./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2 "Das Reich"
Luftwaffe09-LFahnenjunker-FeldwebelPilot in the 3./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 2./Kampfgeschwader 76
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 1./Schlachtgeschwader 10
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 1./Sturzkampfgeschwader 3
Heer15-HMajor im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Ia (operations officer) in the XXXXVI. Panzerkorps
Heer06-HUnteroffizierTroop leader in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 351
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Kradschützen-Bataillon 53
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 6./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 79
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the I./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 3Killed in action 7 December 1942
Heer12-HLeutnantLeader of the 2./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 66
Luftwaffe17-LOberstCommander of Flak-Regiment 153 (motorized)
Luftwaffe19-LGeneralleutnantCommander of the 7. Fallschirmjäger-Division
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 171
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 30 (motorized)
Kriegsmarine15-MKorvettenkapitänCommander of destroyer Wilhelm Heidkamp (Z-21)
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in Grenadier-Regiment 481
Heer17-HOberst of the ReservesCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 538
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantAdjutant of the II./Kampfgeschwader 4 "General Wever"
Heer12-HLeutnantZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./schwere Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 519
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelDeputy leader of the 2./Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 9
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 725
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 100
Waffen-SS14-WSS-Hauptsturmführer of the ReservesRegiment adjutant of the niederländisch SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 49 "De Ruyter"
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 276
Heer04-HObergefreiterMachine gunner in the 6./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 12
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the III./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 85
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 4.(MG)/Grenadier-Regiment 451
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 4./Feldersatz-Bataillon 116
Heer17-HOberstCommander of the 6. Schützen-Brigade
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 5./Infanterie-Regiment 4
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 9./Infanterie-Regiment 31
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesLeader of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 273
Waffen-SS10-WSS-HauptscharführerZugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 5 "Wiking"
+Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantStaffelführer of the 4./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"Awarded 289th Oak Leaves 31 August 1943
Waffen-SS15-WSS-Sturmbannführer and Major of the SchupoCommander of SS-Polizei-Panzer-Abteilung 4Killed in action 20 November 1944
Heer13-HOberleutnantZugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Kradschützen-Bataillon 8
Heer17-HOberstCommander of fortress Glogau
Waffen-SS14-WSS-HauptsturmführerCommander of the I./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 22 "Frundsberg"
Heer14-HHauptmannChief of the 3./Panzer-Regiment 36
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 3./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 121
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 11./Infanterie-Regiment 271
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 3
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesZugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Pionier-Bataillon 298
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52
Luftwaffe15-LMajorCommander of the II./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 2
Luftwaffe15-LMajorGruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"
+Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the II./Infanterie-Regiment 2Awarded 750th Oak Leaves 22 February 1945
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 104
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 274
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesCommander of the II.(gepanzert)/Panzergrenadier-Regiment 129Killed in action 20 February 1943
Kriegsmarine18-MKonteradmiralCommander of auxiliary cruiser Komet (HSK-7)
Heer14-HHauptmannChief of the 3./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 31

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939 . German. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008 . ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek.
  2. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940. German. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008 . ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek .
  3. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941. German. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008 . ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek .
  4. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944. German. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008 . ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek .
  5. For an explanation of the various naming schemes used by the Luftwaffe, Heer, Kriegsmarine and Waffen-SS refer to nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
  6. The brackets around the doctor title [Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  7. The brackets around the professor and doctor title [Prof. Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.