| Type: | Stadt |
| Friedland | |
| Image Coa: | Wappen Friedland (Lkr. Oder-Spree).png |
| Coordinates: | 52.1°N 30°W |
| Image Plan: | Friedland in LOS.PNG |
| State: | Brandenburg |
| District: | Oder-Spree |
| Elevation: | 50 |
| Area: | 173.21 |
| Postal Code: | 15848, 15868 |
| Area Code: | 033676 |
| Licence: | LOS |
| Gemeindeschlüssel: | 12 0 67 137 |
| Divisions: | 16 districts |
| Website: | www.friedland-nl.de |
| Mayor: | Maik Koschack[1] |
| Leader Term: | 2020 - 28 |
| Party: | parteilos |
Friedland (Lower Sorbian: Bryland) is a town in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated in the historic Lower Lusatia region, about 8km (05miles) south of Beeskow, and 39km (24miles) north of Cottbus.
The town was first mentioned as Fredberg in a 1235 deed issued by the Lusatian margrave Henry III of Meissen. A 1301 contract signed by Margrave Frederick I named a town and castle of Vredeburch, then a possession of the Lords of Strehla, who served as ministeriales of the ruling House of Wettin. The present name first appeared in a 1350 bull issued by Pope Clement VI. With Lower Lusatia, Friedland passed under the suzerainty of the Bohemian Crown in 1367.
In 1518, the lordship was pawned to the Order of Saint John and turned Protestant in 1540. Under the rule of Lord Master Count Adam of Schwarzenberg, the fortifications were enlarged, nevertheless Friedland suffered severely under the impact of the Thirty Years' War. Upon the 1635 Peace of Prague, it passed with the Lusatias to the Electorate of Saxony. Under Master Prince John Maurice of Nassau-Siegen the lordship quickly recovered. Town privileges were confirmed in 1662, a Jewish community is documented since 1673.
After almost three-centuries rule of the Order of Saint John, Friedland was finally secularised to Saxony in 1811. Only four years later, the town passed to the Prussian province of Brandenburg upon the Final Act of the 1815 Vienna Congress.
From 1815 to 1947, Friedland was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg.
After World War II, Friedland was incorporated into the State of Brandenburg from 1947 to 1952 and the Bezirk Frankfurt of East Germany from 1952 to 1990. Since 1990, Friedland is again part of Brandenburg.
Friedland is the least densely populated town ("Stadt") in Germany, just narrowly beating Baruth/Mark (also in Brandenburg) for that distinction.