French Uruguayans Explained
French Uruguayans (French: Franco-Uruguayen; Spanish; Castilian: Franco-Uruguayos) are Uruguayan citizens of full or partial French ancestry. French Uruguayans form the third largest ancestry group after Spanish Uruguayans and Italian Uruguayans. Until 1853, France constituted the main source of immigrants to Uruguay. The country received the largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000) and Brazil (100,000), with almost 25,000 persons registered between 1833 and 1843.
French immigration to Uruguay
During the first half of the 19th century, Uruguay received most of French immigrants to South America. It constituted back then, the second receptor of French immigrants in the New World after the United States. Thus, while the United States received 195,971 French immigrants between 1820 and 1855, 13,922 Frenchmen, most of them from the Basque Country and Béarn, left for Uruguay between 1833 and 1842.[1] Then, after the fall of Rosas in 1852, Argentina overtook Uruguay and became the main pole of attraction for French immigrants in Latin America.
Most of French immigrants who settled in Uruguay immigrated between 1838 and 1852, with a peak of 10,300 immigrants in 1843. Frenchmen made up 41.5% of immigrants to Uruguay between 1835 and 1842, representing the main source of immigration to the country. Until 1853, French Basques constituted the most numerous group among all immigrants in Uruguay,[2] then they were surpassed in numbers by Spaniards and Italians. Another great wave of French immigration to Uruguay occurred during the Paraguayan War until the 1870s. 2,718 French immigrants settled in the country between 1866 and 1867, 10.1% of the immigration at the time.[3]
The majority of immigrants were coming from the Basque Country, Béarn and Bigorre.
The newspaper Le Patriote Français estimated the French colony in Montevideo in 1841 was around 18,000 persons.[4] Another source claims the French colony in Uruguay reached 14,000 in 1842, 10,000 of them living in Montevideo and 4,000 in the countryside.[5] 15,000 Frenchmen[6] were registered in the country in 1843, most of them living in Montevideo where they made up a third of the population. The figure decreased to 8,891 in 1860 (making up 11.5% of foreigners) as many of them relocated to Buenos Aires but was as high as 17,900 in 1872. In 1866, French immigrants represented 16.5% of immigrants in the country (Spaniards 33.5% and Italians 33%).[7] According to the census of 1884, there were 7,383 Frenchmen living in Montevideo, out of 164,028 inhabitants (i.e. 4.5% of the city population).[8] In 1908, as previously established French immigrants had merged within the population and the country had received a large wave of immigration from Spain and Italy, Frenchmen only made up 1% of the population (8,341 persons) and 4.6% of foreigners. It was estimated that 9,500 Frenchmen were living in Uruguay in 1912, 6% of the 149,400 Frenchmen living in Latin America.[9]
During the siege of Montevideo, out of 5,800 men defending the city, 2,500 were French. Three French poets were born in Uruguay: Isidore Ducasse, Comte de Lautréamont, Jules Laforgue and Jules Supervielle.
Figures
The most recent figure corresponds to the 2011 Uruguayan census, which revealed 850 people who declared France as their country of birth.[10]
| Yearly French immigration to Uruguay from 1835 to 1842 |
|---|
| Year | French immigrants | Total immigrants | % French immigrants |
|---|
| 1835 | 43 | 613 | 7% |
| 1836 | 998 | 3,146 | 31.7% |
| 1837 | 442 | 2,583 | 17.1% |
| 1838 | 2,071 | 5,424 | 38.2% |
| 1839 | 342 | 1,163 | 29.4% |
| 1840 | 835 | 2,475 | 33.7% |
| 1841 | 3,816 | 7,860 | 48.5% |
| 1842 | 5,218 | 9,874 | 52.8% |
| Total | 13,765 | 33,138 | 41.5% | |
Notable French Uruguayans
Architecture & Engineering
Art & Music
- Marcelo Buquet, actor.
- Alberto Candeau, actor.
- Luis Cluzeau Mortet, composer.
- Diógenes Hequet, artist.
- Osvaldo Laport, actor.
- Eduardo Larbanois, singer.
- Natalia Oreiro
- , actress and singer.
- Daniel Pontet, painter.
- Luciano Supervielle, musician.
- Jaurés Lamarque Pons, composer, musician.
Education
Government
- Domingo Bordaberry, lawyer.
- Juan María Bordaberry, former president and dictator.
- Pedro Bordaberry, politician.
- José de Buschental, businessman.
- Armando Castaingdebat, politician.
- Guillermo Chifflet, politician.
- Eduardo Juan Couture, jurist.
- Laetitia d'Arenberg, businesswoman.
- Ariel Davrieux, politician.
- Ricardo Paseyro, diplomat.
- Ope Pasquet, politician.
- Daisy Tourné, politician.
Literature
Sports
- Julio Abbadie, football player.
- Luis Aguerre, football player.
- Washington Aguerre, football player.
- Javier Ambrois, football player.
- Jorge Aude, football player and manager.
- Luis Barbat, football player.
- Facundo Boné, football player.
- Marcel Bouzout, basketball player.
- Álvaro Brun, football player.
- Nelson Chelle, basketball player.
- Javier Chevantón, football player.
- Sebastián Coates-Nion, football player.
- Mirto Davoine, football player.
- Walter Davoine, football player.
- Jerónimo Etcheverry, rugby union player.
- Fernando Fadeuille, football player.
- Andrés Fleurquin, football player.
- Pablo Forlan-Lamarque, football player.
- Diego Forlan-Lamarque, football player.
- Juan Martín Fumeaux, tennis player.
- Iván Guillauma, football player.
- Diego Godín, football player.
- Gianni Guigou, football player.
- Pablo Lemoine, rugby union player.
- Damián Malrrechaufe, football player.
- Gus Poyet, football player.
- Sergio Rochet, football player.
- Oriero grandmother's maiden name is Bourié
See also
External links
- Book: Pi Hugarte. Renzo. Vidart. Daniel. Renzo Pi Hugarte. Daniel Vidart. El legado de los inmigrantes. Nuestra Tierra. Montevideo. 1970. es.
Notes and References
- Book: L'immigration française en Argentine, 1850-1930 . ecrivains argentins . Nov 23, 2009 . Hernán Otero . L’Uruguay capta seulement 13.922 [immigrants français] entre 1833 et 1842, la plupart d’entre eux originaires du Pays Basque et du Béarn. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231016115925/http://ecrivainsargentins.viabloga.com/news/l-immigration-francaise-en-argentine-1850-1930 . Oct 16, 2023 .
- Book: Possible paradises: Basque emigration to Latin America . 9780874174441 . (p. 252) Between 1843 and 1853, the Basques from Iparralde constituted the most numerous group among all immigrants in Uruguay. . Pastor . José Manuel Azcona . 2004 .
- Book: Manual de la navegación del Rio de la Plata y de sus principales afluentes . (p. 23) Inmigración europea y pasajeros entrados en 1866 y 1867. Francia, en 1866: 1.053; en 1867: 1.665.. Lobo . Miguel . 1868 .
- Book: Possible paradises: Basque emigration to Latin America . 9780874174441 . The newspaper Le Patriote Français placed the French population of the Uruguay capital at 18,000 in 1841 (page 232). . Pastor . José Manuel Azcona . 2004 .
- Book: Compte rendu des séances de l'Assemblée nationale . 1849 . (page 441) 10,000 âmes dans Montevideo (...) enfin, 4 000 âmes répandues dans la campagne de Montevideo..
- http://www.sudlangues.sn/IMG/pdf/doc-54.pdf Histoire de la diffusion de la langue française en Uruguay depuis le XIXe siècle
- Book: Possible paradises: Basque emigration to Latin America . 9780874174441 . In 1866, the French Uruguayan diaspora constituted only 16.48 percent of immigrants in the country. The Spanish was 33.54 percent and the Italian 33.13 percent. (page 238). . Pastor . José Manuel Azcona . 2004 .
- Book: Europa, Asia y África en América Latina y el Caribe . 9682314577 . (p. 106) Para el censo de 1884, en la ciudad de Montevideo vivían 164 028 habitantes, de los cuales 7 383 eran franceses.. Leander . Birgitta . January 1989 .
- Book: Daniel. van Eeuwen. L'Amérique latine et l'Europe à l'heure de la mondialisation: Dimension des relations internationales. Latin America and Europe in the era of globalization: Dimensions of international relations. fr. 2002. Karthala. 978-2-84586-281-4. 194. Uruguay : 9 500 (6%)..
- Web site: Martín. Koolhaas. Mathías Nathan. Inmigrantes Internacionales y Retornados en Uruguay: Magnitud y características: Informe de resultados del Censo de Población 2011. International Immigrants and Returnees in Uruguay: Magnitude and characteristics: Report results of the Population Census 2011. es. Uruguay National Institute of Statistics. February 2013. 6 March 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130816123632/http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/Inmigrantes%20Internacionales%20y%20Retornados%20en%20Uruguay.pdf. 16 August 2013. dmy.
