The free trade agreements of Canada represents Canada's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the Canadian economy. Canada is regularly described as a trading nation, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP (the second highest level in the G7, after Germany).[1] [2] Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of free trade agreements with Canada—primarily the United States through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canada's bilateral trade hit Can$1 trillion for the first time.[3] Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 countries.[4]
Canada is a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1 January 1995, having been an original GATT member since 1 January 1948.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is held with Canada by the United States and Mexico, came into force on 1 January 1994, creating the largest free trade region in the world by GDP. By 2014, the combined GDP for the NAFTA area was estimated to be over Can$20 trillion with a market encompassing 474 million people.
Building on that success, Canada continues to negotiate and has concluded free trade agreements with 51 countries,[4] most recently with South Korea, which represents Canada's first FTA with a partner in the Asia-Pacific region. As of 2018, Canada has also concluded two other significant multilateral trade agreements: the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union and the 11-nation Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) with 10 other Pacific-Rim countries.[5] On 21 September 2017, CETA was provisionally applied, immediately eliminating 98% of EU's tariff lines on Canadian goods.[6] Canada is currently the only G7 country to have free trade agreements in force with all other G7 countries. Free trade with the final G7 country, Japan, commenced when the CPTPP entered into force on 30 December 2018.
| Agreement name | Abbreviation | Countries/blocs involved | Signed | Entered into force |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement | CUSFTA | 12 October 1987 | 1 January 1989 | |
| North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA | 17 December 1992 | 1 January 1994 | |
| CIFTA | 31 July 1996 | 1 July 1997 | ||
| CCFTA | 5 December 1996 | 5 July 1997 | ||
| CCRFTA | 23 April 2001 | 1 November 2002 | ||
| CEFTA | 26 January 2008 | 1 July 2009 | ||
| CPFTA | 29 May 2008 | 1 August 2009 | ||
| CCoFTA | 21 November 2008 | 15 August 2011 | ||
| CJFTA | 28 June 2009 | 1 October 2012 | ||
| CPAFTA | 14 May 2010 | 1 April 2013 | ||
| CHFTA | 5 November 2013 | 1 October 2014 | ||
| CKFTA | 11 March 2014 | 1 January 2015 | ||
| CUFTA | 11 July 2016 | 1 August 2017 | ||
| Canadian Free Trade Agreement (interprovincial trade agreement) | CFTA |  Canada | July 1 2017 | July 1 2017[7] |
| CETA | 30 October 2016 | 21 September 2017[8] | ||
| Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership[9] | CPTPP, TPP-11 | 8 March 2018 | 30 December 2018 | |
| CUSMA |  Mexico United States | 30 November 2018 | 1 July 2020 | |
| Canada–UK TCA | 9 December 2020 | 1 April 2021 | ||
Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs:
Indonesia
United Kingdom (Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement) Negotiations suspended by the UK on 25 January 2024.[10] [11]
India
Dominican Republic
Morocco
Singapore, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole
Guatemala, 
Nicaragua, and 
El SalvadorCanada is undertaking exploratory discussions of bilateral or multilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs, although formal negotiations have not yet begun:
China, abandoned following the detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig and the extradition case of Meng Wanzhou[12] [13]
Philippines, suspended following the Canada–Philippines waste dispute[14] and abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole
Thailand, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole [15]
Turkey, with no progress since 2013[16]| Agreement name | Abbreviation | Countries involved | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTAA | Proposed expansion of the North American Free Trade Agreement to all members of the Organization of American States, negotiated from 1994 to 2005. During the 4th Summit of the Americas in 2005, 26 of the countries pledged to meet again in 2006 to resume negotiations but no such meeting took place. | |||
| CCA4FTA | Twelve rounds of negotiations from 2001 to 2010. When no agreement was reached during the 2010 round, Canada and Honduras decided to pursue bilateral negotiations and concluded a separate bilateral FTA.[17] | |||
| TPP | Agreement was signed 4 February 2016. Following the withdrawal of the United States' signature on 23 January 2017 the agreement is defunct, and the remaining members instead concluded the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. |
A Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (FIPA) is an agreement to promote foreign investing.
The following is a list of FIPAs in force, including date of entry into force.
The following is a list of FIPAs that have been concluded and signed, but have not yet entered into force.[5]
The following is a list of FIPA negotiations concluded, and are not in force. First is the country, then the date it was concluded.[5]
The following is a list of FIPA negotiations that have not yet concluded.[5]
Chile
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Peru
Honduras