| Frederick | |
| Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau | |
| Spouse: | Amalie of Hesse-Homburg |
| Issue: | Auguste, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt Prince George Bernhard Prince Paul Christian Louise, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg Prince Frederick Augustus Prince William Waldemar |
| House: | Ascania |
| Father: | Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau |
| Mother: | Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt |
| Birth Date: | 27 December 1769 |
| Birth Place: | Dessau, Anhalt |
| Death Place: | Dessau, Anhalt |
Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau (27 December 1769 – 27 May 1814), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and heir to the principality (and from 1807 the duchy) of Anhalt-Dessau.
He was born in Dessau, the only surviving child of Leopold III, Prince and later Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, by his wife Louise, daughter of Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt. His only sibling, a sister born on 11 February 1768, was either stillborn or died shortly after her birth.[1]
In 1786 he joined to the Prussian army, where he later obtained the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. In 1805 he contracted to build Kühnauer Park.
Frederick died in Dessau, three years before his father, thus never inherited Anhalt-Dessau. His place as Leopold III's heir was taken by his older son Leopold Frederick, who succeeded his grandfather in 1817 with the name Leopold IV.
In Bad Homburg vor der Höhe on 12 June 1792 Frederick married Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Homburg (b. Homburg, 29 June 1774 – d. Dessau, 3 February 1846), daughter of Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg. They had seven children:[2]
The text of the German song "Des kleinen Friedrichs Geburtstag", K. 529, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was originally written in 1778 by the poet Johann Eberhard Friedrich Schall to commemorate the ninth birthday of the Hereditary Prince Frederick. It is unknown how Mozart came across this text or why he chose to set it in Prague in 1787. All that is known is that it was entered into his own catalog of musical compositions as a completed work on 6 November 1787.