| Federico I Gonzaga | |
| Noble Family: | House of Gonzaga |
| Father: | Ludovico III Gonzaga |
| Mother: | Barbara of Brandenburg |
| Spouse: | Margaret of Bavaria |
| Issue: | Clara Gonzaga Francesco II Gonzaga Sigismondo Gonzaga Elisabetta Gonzaga Maddelena Giovanni Gonzaga |
| Birth Date: | 25 June 1441 |
| Birth Place: | Mantua, Margravate of Mantua |
| Death Place: | Mantua, Margravate of Mantua |
Federico I Gonzaga (25 June 1441 - 14 July 1484) was marquis of Mantua from 1478 to 1484, as well as a condottiero.
Federico was born in Mantua in 1441, son of Ludovico III and Barbara of Brandenburg. He was a good friend of the court painter Andrea Mantegna and received an education from Mantegna's mother as well as from Vittorino da Feltre (d. 1446) and above all from Iacopo da San Cassiano (from 1446 to 1449) and Ognibene da Lonigo (from 1449).
Federico fought for the Sforza of Milan until 1470 and succeeded to the marquisate on 14 June 1478. He was, however, forced to split much of the Mantuan possessions with his brothers.
Federico continued to fight as a condottiero, and during his frequent absences Mantua was administered by Eusebio Malatesta, while the local army was under his brother-in-law, Francesco Secco d'Aragona. Federico took part in numerous actions in defence of the Duchy of Milan, in particular against the aggressive Republic of Venice. During one of these wars Francesco Secco occupied Asola and other Venetian territories. Later, after the peace, Ludovico Sforza of Milan asked for the return of Asola to Milan, to which Frederick had to acquiesce.
Federico died in Mantua at the age of 43, and was buried in the church of Sant'Andrea.
In 1463 Federico married Margaret of Bavaria, daughter of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria and Anna, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen; and sister of John IV, Duke of Bavaria. They had the following issue: