| Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg | |
| Noble Family: | House of Hesse |
| Father: | George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |
| Mother: | Magdalene of Lippe |
| Spouse: | Margaret Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg |
| Birth Place: | Lichtenberg Castle in Fischbachtal |
| Death Place: | Bad Homburg |
Frederick I of Hesse-Homburg (5 March 1585, at Lichtenberg Castle in Fischbachtal – 9 May 1638, in Bad Homburg), was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and founder of the eponymous family line.
Frederick was the youngest son of Count George I of Hesse-Darmstadt (1547–1596) from his first marriage to Magdalene (1552–1587), daughter of Count VIII Bernhard of Lippe.
Frederick did not have any rights to inherit, because in Hesse-Darmstadt primogeniture had been introduced properly. Nevertheless, Frederick received in 1622 an apanage consisting of the City and district of Homburg, as well as a one-off payment plus an annual sum. He was not considered a sovereign prince, but fell under the sovereignty of Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1626, he introduced primogeniture in Hesse-Homburg.
One of his sons was Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg, better known as The Prince of Homburg.
Frederick I married on 10 August 1622 in Butzbach with Margaret Elisabeth (1604–1667), daughter of Count Christopher of Leiningen-Westerburg. They had the following children:
married firstly in 1650 Princess Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt (1634–1663)
married secondly in 1665 Princess Anna Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg (1624–1688)
married in 1666 Anna Catherine of Pogwisch, widow of von Ahlefeldt (1633–1694)
married in 1650 Duke Philip Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (1620–1689)
married firstly in 1661 Countess Margareta Brahe (1603–1669), widow of Johan Oxenstierna
married secondly in 1670 Princess Louise Elisabeth of Courland (1646–1690)
married thirdly in 1691 Countess Sophia Sibylle of Leiningen-Westerburg, widow of the Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1656–1724)