| Frederic Lawrence Holmes | |
| Discipline: | Historian of science |
| Birth Date: | 6 February 1932 |
| Birth Place: | Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Death Place: | New Haven, Connecticut |
| Notable Students: | Margaret W. Rossiter |
Frederic Lawrence Holmes (6 February 1932, Cincinnati, Ohio - 27 March 2003, New Haven, Connecticut)[1] [2] was an American historian of science, specifically of chemistry, medicine and biology. He was Avalon Professor of the History of Medicine at Yale University and was known for his work developing Yale's programs in history of science and medicine. His scholarship included notable studies of Claude Bernard, Antoine Lavoisier, Justus Liebig, Hans Adolf Krebs, Matthew Meselson, Franklin Stahl, and Seymour Benzer. He was awarded a George Sarton Medal for lifetime achievement in the history of science and served as a president of the History of Science Society.[3]
Holmes earned his bachelor's degree in quantitative biology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1954 and then began graduate study in the history department of Harvard University, where he graduated with MA in 1958. His graduate study was interrupted by two years of service in the United States Air Force ROTC and when he returned to Harvard he transferred to the department of the history of science, graduating with PhD in 1962 with thesis Claude Bernard and the concept of internal environment under the direction of Everett Mendelsohn and John Edsall. For his dissertation, he reconstructed Claude Bernard's path of discovery of basic physiological functions, such as those of the glucogenic functions of the liver, on the basis of Bernard's laboratory books from the 1840s. Mirko Grmek referred the laboratory books to Holmes.[4]
Holmes spent two years at MIT as an assistant professor starting in 1962, teaching in the Humanities Department. In 1964 Holmes became an assistant professor of the history of science at Yale University and in 1968 he became an associate professor. Holmes was a founder of the Joint Atlantic Seminars in History of Biology in 1965. At Yale, he supervised Margaret W. Rossiter, who graduated in 1971.[5] In 1972 he moved to become a full professor and department chair at the University of Western Ontario. In 1979 he returned to Yale as a full professor and from 1979 to 2002 he chaired the Section of the History of Medicine in the Yale School of Medicine.[6]
Holmes became Avalon Professor of the History of Medicine at Yale in 1985, and from 1982 to 1987 he was Master of Jonathan Edwards College. He became a leading force in building the history of science and medicine at the university. He initiated an undergraduate major in the history of science and history of medicine and in 1986 he initiated a graduate program in the history of medicine and the life sciences. In 2002 he helped establish a new Program in the History of Medicine and Science.
Holmes was the author of more than sixty papers and several books on the history of medicine and the biological sciences. For his two-volume work on Hans Adolf Krebs and the discovery of the citric acid cycle, Holmes not only evaluated Krebs's lab books, but also conducted detailed interviews with Krebs; he also repeated this pattern with Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl. Holmes won several prizes and was a leading contributor to the history of medicine and the biological sciences for two generations.
He and his wife Harriet Vann Holmes (d. 2000) had three daughters.