Frank Gaffney Explained

Frank Gaffney
Birth Name:Frank J. Gaffney Jr.
Birth Date:5 April 1953
Birth Place:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Education:Georgetown University, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (BS)
Johns Hopkins University, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (MA)
Occupation:Defense policy analyst
Known For:Counter-jihad, popular conspiracy theories, conservative political commentary
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (1983–87)
Awards:Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service (1987)
Zionist Organization of America's Louis Brandeis Award (2003)[1]

Frank J. Gaffney Jr. (born April 5, 1953) is an American defense policy analyst who founded the far-right anti-Muslim group, Center for Security Policy (CSP), serving as its first president, and a former presidential appointee under President Ronald Reagan. He has been described as an anti-Muslim conspiracy theorist.[2] In the 1970s and 1980s, he worked for the federal government in multiple posts, including as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy from 1983 to 1987, and seven months as Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs during the Reagan administration. He founded the CSP in 1988, serving as its president until 2023 and thereafter as executive chairman.[3]

In 1987, he was awarded the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service.

Early life and education

Gaffney was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1953 to Virginia Gaffney (née Reed) and Frank J. Gaffney. His father was a classical music aficionado and long-time partner at the law firm of Thorp, Reed & Armstrong, which was founded by his wife's father, Earl Reed; in 2013, it merged with Clark Hill PLC.[4] [5] [6] Gaffney's grandfather, Joseph Gaffney, was a city solicitor in Philadelphia.[4] In the early 20th century, as a known Catholic in Philadelphia, he faced opposition from nativist Protestant groups who alleged that Catholics were "gaining control of American institutions while rewriting the nation's history".[7]

Gaffney attended the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service in 1975.[8] [9] In 1978, he received an MA in International Studies from Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.[10] [11] [12]

Career

Gaffney began his government career in the 1970s, working as an aide in the office of Democratic Senator Henry M. Jackson, under Richard Perle. From August 1983 until November 1987, Gaffney held the position of Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy in the Reagan administration, again serving under Perle.[13]

In April 1987, Gaffney was nominated to the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. He served as the acting Assistant Secretary for seven months. During this time, despite his official post, he was excluded by senior Reagan administration officials from the then-ongoing arms control talks with the Soviet Union. Gaffney was ultimately forced out of the Pentagon; The Washington Post reported in November 1987 that, within four days of Frank Carlucci's appointment as Secretary of Defense, "Gaffney's belongings were boxed and he was gone".[14] [15] Following his departure from government, he immediately set about criticizing Ronald Reagan's pursuit of an arms control agreement with the USSR.[14]

Center for Security Policy

See main article: Center for Security Policy. In 1988, Gaffney established the Center for Security Policy (CSP), a Washington, D.C.-based national security think tank that has been widely described as engaging in conspiracy theorizing by a range of individuals, media outlets and organizations. Its activities are focused on exposing and researching perceived jihadist threats to the United States. The Center has been described as "not very highly respected" by BBC News and "disreputable" by Salon. It has faced strong criticism from people across the political spectrum, but has also had its reports cited by political figures such as US President Donald Trump and former Congresswoman Michele Bachmann.[16] [17] [18] In 2010 Gaffney became a trustee of the Center for Security Policy.[19] CSP has been described as an "extremist think tank" by the Center for New Community.[20] In 2016, the CSP was classified by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) as a "hate group".[21] The SPLC describes Gaffney as "one of America’s most notorious Islamophobes".[22] Gaffney and the CSP have also been described as influential parts of the counter-jihad movement.[23] [24]

On March 16, 2016, Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz announced he would name Frank Gaffney to be one of his National Security Advisors.[25] Cruz said that Gaffney "is a serious thinker who has been focused on fighting jidahists [sic], fighting jihadism across the globe".[26] In December 2015, Nation Institute Fellow Eli Clifton characterized as unscientific a CSP-funded poll that Donald Trump had been citing, which purportedly showed widespread support for Sharia law among U.S. Muslims and a need for intervention in that community. It added that, "Between Trump’s calls for a national registry of Muslims and a ban on Muslim immigration, it appears that through coincidence or outright collaboration, Trump is building an immigration and anti-Muslim policy framework that closely mirrors the statements and proposals advocated by" Gaffney and the CSP.

Discussing what he calls prominent professional participants in Islamophobia, Professor Todd Green wrote mentioned "Frank Gaffney and David Yerushalmi, both of whom head organizations that are responsible for spreading misinformation about Islam and that seek to enact anti-Muslim laws, including the infamous anti-Sharia". David Yerushalmi served as legal counsel for the CSP[27] and has been accused of spreading misinformation about Islam and encouraging the enactment of anti-Muslim laws, including anti-Sharia legislation in the United States.[28]

Gaffney and the CSP have been noted to have wielded influence on several prominent individuals of the Trump administration.[23] [24] Gaffney was himself hosted on Steve Bannon's radio show at least thirty-four times during Bannon's time in Breitbart News,[24] and Michael Flynn, Mike Pompeo and Jeff Sessions have all been described as "devotees" of Gaffney's ideas.[23] Following John Bolton's appointment as National Security Advisor, Gaffney was criticised as the source of where Bolton's beliefs originated on a number of subjects. This included the Iran nuclear deal and many anti-Islamic beliefs.[29] [30] [31]

He stepped down as president of the CSP in January 2023 in favor of Tommy Waller, but remains its executive chairman.[3]

Fax wars

In the 1990s, Gaffney became known in Washington, D.C., for "fax wars" he waged, whereby his "small but loyal following" would be encouraged to inundate the offices of members of Congress with faxes.[32]

In 1995, Gaffney charged that US Secretary of Energy Hazel R. O'Leary was intentionally undermining US nuclear readiness; an analysis of Gaffney's charges against O'Leary published by William Arkin observed that Gaffney "specializes in intensely personal attacks" and his Center for Security Policy's liberal use of faxes to attack its opponents had made it the "Domino's Pizza of the policy business".[33]

Later, in a 1997 column for The Washington Times, Gaffney alleged a seismic incident in Russia was a nuclear detonation at that nation's Novaya Zemlya test site, indicating Russia was violating the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB).[34] Subsequent scientific analysis of Novaya Zemlya confirmed the event was a routine earthquake.[35] Reporting on the allegation, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists observed that, following its publication, "fax machines around Washington, D.C., and across the country poured out pages detailing Russian duplicity. They came from Frank Gaffney", going on to note that during the first four months of 1997, Gaffney had "issued more than 25 screeds" against the CTB.

Other activities

Gaffney also contributes to the conservative media site Newsmax. Gaffney wrote a column for The Washington Times from 2012 to 2016,[36] and for Jewish World Review from 2000 to 2013.[37] He was also the host of Secure Freedom Radio, a nationally-syndicated radio program[38] and podcast which has featured guests such as Newt Gingrich, John R. Bolton, and white nationalist Jared Taylor.[39] [40] The radio program was turned into a television show titled Securing America TV on Real America's Voice in 2020.[41] Gaffney is the vice-chair of the Committee on the Present Danger and has been described as part of a "new red scare" of anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States.[42]

Conspiracy theories

The Anti-Defamation League has said that Gaffney "has promulgated a number of anti-Muslim conspiracy theories over the years" and that he has "undue influence" relative to other like-minded figures.[43] Other commentators have suggested that Gaffney's propensity for conspiracy theories began earlier during his career in the Reagan administration, where after being denied a higher position, was convinced that Soviet agents within the United States government were blocking him.[44]

Civilization Jihad

One of Gaffney's main conspiracy theories is the so-called "Civilization Jihad", a supposed secret Muslim plan to take over America, which came to national prominence by being cited in a debate by 2016 presidential candidate Ben Carson.[45] According to the SPLC, Gaffney's beliefs stem "from a single discredited source – a 1991 fantasy written by a lone Muslim Brotherhood member that was introduced into evidence during the 2008 Holy Land Foundation trial in Dallas federal court. The FBI found the note to be incongruous with documents taken from Muslim Brotherhood, nor was it found to have been discussed during the 1991 conference of the Muslim Brotherhood.

But to Gaffney, this document was "a smoking gun, a mission statement pointing to a massive Islamist conspiracy under our noses".[46] The ADL quotes Gaffney as "mentioning that in 1991, a Muslim Brotherhood operative produced the "explanatory memorandum on the general strategic goal of the group in North America." According to Gaffney, the memo explicitly addresses the progress the Muslim Brotherhood has made in building an infrastructure in the United States with the goal of destroying Western civilization from within so that Islam is victorious over other religions".[47]

The BRIDGE Initiative at Georgetown found that the memo failed to gain traction in the Arab world, as none of the sensationalist phrasings ever became commonplace in subsequent Arab literature and media. In contrast, some politicians and Islamaphobic commentators have used the phrase repeatedly to demonize Muslims.[48] [49]

ACU dispute

In 2011, Gaffney was banned by the American Conservative Union from the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). ACU chairman David Keene released a statement contending that Gaffney "has become personally and tiresomely obsessed with his weird belief that anyone who doesn't agree with him on everything all the time or treat him with the respect and deference he believes is his due, must be either ignorant of the dangers we face or, in extreme case, dupes of the nation's enemies".[50] Gaffney has since returned to CPAC to host panels at the conference in 2015 and 2016.[47] [51]

In an April 2016 column in The Washington Times titled, "When conspiracy nuts do real damage", Keene again slammed Gaffney, writing, "One hopes that is what they will do and that Mr. Gaffney will, like the folks at Group Research, Mr. Hoover's aides and most conspiracy nuts of yore will vanish into the fever swamps from which he came". The column came two months after Gaffney unexpectedly left The Washington Times for Breitbart News, where he was a staff columnist and Keene was the opinion editor. Keene, who had slashed the frequency of Gaffney's column from weekly to monthly, commented to Media Matters on Gaffney's departure, describing Gaffney's work as "well-researched," and stated, "we're sorry to lose him but we wish him well". Keene also noted that Gaffney had left without giving him any notice, saying, "I guess he's notifying us through you".[52]

Media responses

Gaffney has been called a conspiracy theorist by Dave Weigel writing in Reason magazine;[53] Steve Benen of MSNBC;[54] Slate;[55] and The Intercept,[56] [57] [58] among others. The Washington Post has reported that Gaffney's views were "considered radioactive by the Republican establishment",[59] and Eli Clifton noted that Gaffney suffered "from a lack of mainstream acceptance."[60] Democrats, and many Republicans, have called Gaffney a "conspiracy theorist".[61]

Beliefs

Conspiracy theories Gaffney has promoted include:

Works

Books

Films

Gaffney was an executive producer of the documentary Islam vs. Islamists: Voices From the Muslim Center.[75]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Frank Gaffney. June 7, 2013. Center for Security Policy. August 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170818010847/https://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/about-us/frank-gaffney/. August 18, 2017. live.
  2. News: 4 Conspiracy Theories Promoted by Frank Gaffney, Ted Cruz's New Adviser . July 21, 2016 . . March 18, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160817135851/http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.709566 . August 17, 2016 . live .
    Web site: Frank Gaffney Jr . Southern Poverty Law Center . September 28, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150908010433/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/frank-gaffney-jr . September 8, 2015 . live .
    News: Carden . James . The Iran Deal Opponents Are Going to Fight to the Bitter End . September 28, 2015 . . September 11, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150929051858/http://www.thenation.com/article/the-iran-deal-opponents-are-going-to-fight-to-the-bitter-end/ . September 29, 2015 . live .
    News: Woodruff . Betsy . Glenn Beck Thinks Grover Norquist Is a Muslim Brotherhood Mole. Now, the NRA Is "Investigating." . September 28, 2015 . . March 15, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150926130621/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/03/16/nra_investigates_grover_norquist_as_glenn_beck_says_he_is_a_muslim_brotherhood.html . September 26, 2015 . live .
    News: Bachmann, Gaffney, and the GOP's Anti-Muslim Culture of Conspiracy . The Daily Beast . July 23, 2012 . July 27, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150711192335/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/23/bachmann-gaffney-and-the-gop-s-anti-muslim-culture-of-conspiracy.html . July 11, 2015 . live .
  3. News: Center for Security Policy improves its approach to changing national security challenges. August 19, 2022. Center for Security Policy.
  4. News: Devon Gaffney, Research Director, Engaged to Marry Jay Cross in June. December 12, 2015. The New York Times. 9 April 1989 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151222213819/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/09/style/devon-gaffney-research-director-engaged-to-marry-jay-cross-in-june.html. December 22, 2015. live.
  5. News: Gigler. Dan. Lawyer with a Passion for Classical Music. December 12, 2015. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 3, 2001.
  6. News: Clark Hill dropping Thorp Reed from name in Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh Business Times. February 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110034/http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2014/05/30/clark-hill-drops-thorp-reed-name.html. February 21, 2017. live.
  7. Book: When Dempsey Fought Tunney: Heroes, Hokum, and Storytelling in the Jazz Age. Evenson. Bruce. 1996. University of Tennessee Press. 9780870499180. 80.
  8. Web site: Frank Gaffney. November 23, 2012. TownHall. https://web.archive.org/web/20121115171422/http://townhall.com/columnists/frankgaffney/. November 15, 2012. live.
  9. Web site: Arena Profile: Frank Gaffney. Politico. February 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170423061413/http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/frank_gaffney.html. April 23, 2017. live.
  10. Book: Ruppert. Michael C.. Michael Ruppert. Crossing the Rubicon: The Decline of the American Empire at the End of the Age of Oil. 2004. New Society Publishers. Gabriola Island, BC. 978-0-865-71540-0. 531. August 18, 2017.
  11. Web site: Center for Security Policy. Frank Gaffney Jr. 2023-06-06.
  12. Web site: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum. Nomination of Frank J Gaffney Jr. 2023-06-06. 1987-04-17.
  13. Book: Wedel. Janine R.. Janine R. Wedel. Shadow Elite: How the World's New Power Brokers Undermine Democracy, Government, and the Free Market. December 1, 2009. Basic Books. New York City. 978-0-465-09106-5. 147–191. First. registration.
  14. News: Watson. Russell. At Long Last an Arms Deal. Newsweek.
  15. News: Disarmed but Undeterred; His Once Pervasive Power Waning, The Hard-Liner Awaits the Summit. The Washington Post. November 23, 1987.
  16. News: Trump's 'Muslim lockdown': What is the Center for Security Policy?. December 10, 2015. BBC News. December 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151212201215/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-35037943. December 12, 2015. live.
  17. News: Cruz's cynical Trump detente: They're good buddies now, but wait until The Donald's support drops. December 10, 2015. Salon. August 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151227043440/http://www.salon.com/2015/08/28/cruzs_cynical_trump_detente_theyre_good_buddies_now_but_wait_until_the_donalds_support_drops/. December 27, 2015. live.
  18. Book: Cockburn. Alexander. The Politics of Anti-Semitism. 2003. AK. 978-1902593777. 132.
  19. Web site: ProPublica - Nonprofit Explorer. Center for Security Policy - IRS Form-990 yr2010. 2023-06-06. 2011-08-26.
  20. Web site: Anti-Muslim bigotry has no place in politics. The Hill. September 3, 2015. Terri A. Johnson and J. Richard Cohen. September 28, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151006111445/http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/religious-rights/252605-anti-muslim-bigotry-has-no-place-in-politics. October 6, 2015. live.
  21. Web site: SPLC's Intelligence Report: Amid Year of Lethal Violence, Extremist Groups Expanded Ranks in 2015. August 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160811080453/https://www.splcenter.org/news/2016/02/17/splcs-intelligence-report-amid-year-lethal-violence-extremist-groups-expanded-ranks-2015. August 11, 2016. live.
  22. Web site: Frank Gaffney Jr. Southern Poverty Law Center. December 11, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208040627/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/frank-gaffney-jr. December 8, 2015. live.
  23. News: Trump's counter-jihad. February 13, 2017. Vox. Beauchamp. Zack.
  24. Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution. Ed. Perwee. 2020. Ethnic and Racial Studies. 43. 16 . 211–230. 10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688. 218843237 . free.
  25. News: Ted Cruz Names Anti-Muslim Conspiracy Theorist As Top Foreign-Policy Adviser . March 19, 2016 . New York Magazine . March 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160318141854/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/03/cruz-names-anti-muslim-paranoic-as-top-adviser.html . March 18, 2016 . live .
  26. Web site: Krieg . Gregory . Ted Cruz defends foreign policy adviser Frank Gaffney – CNNPolitics.com . Edition.cnn.com . March 22, 2016 . August 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160818105905/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/21/politics/ted-cruz-frank-gaffney-national-security/ . August 18, 2016 . live .
  27. Web site: David Yerushalmi. Southern Poverty Law Center. July 11, 2020.
  28. Book: Green. Todd. The Fear of Islam: An Introduction to Islamophobia in the West. 2015. Fortress Press. 9781451469905. 211. April 23, 2023.
  29. News: Cortellessa. Eric. Liberal Jewish groups slam Bolton for 'bellicose ideology, anti-Muslim bigotry'. Times of Israel. March 29, 2018. June 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005752/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberal-jewish-groups-slam-bolton-for-bellicose-ideology-anti-muslim-bigotry/. June 22, 2018. live.
  30. News: Wadhams. Nick. A Tillerson Ally Survives the Purge With Help From Friends. Bloomberg.com . Bloomberg. March 15, 2018. June 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180426075715/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-15/a-tillerson-confidant-survives-the-purge-with-help-from-friends. April 26, 2018. live.
  31. Nguyen. Tina. "Revenge of the Nationalists": The Pro-Trump World Dances on Tillerson's Grave. Vanity Fair. March 15, 2018. June 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180316025706/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/03/revenge-of-the-nationalists-the-pro-trump-world-dances-on-tillersons-grave. March 16, 2018. live.
  32. Book: Hersman. Rebecca. Friends and Foes: How Congress and the President Really Make Foreign Policy. 2010. Brookings Institution. 978-0815798965. 88–89.
  33. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. March 1995. 51. 2. 80. 10.1080/00963402.1995.11658058. Arkin. William M.. A tale of two Franks . 1995BuAtS..51b..80A .
  34. News: Isaacs. John. Spinning to the Right. July 22, 2016. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. November 1997.
  35. News: Wallace. Terry. False Accusations, Undetected Tests and Implications for the CTB Treaty. July 22, 2016. Arms Control Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20180523100845/https://www.armscontrol.org/print/357. May 23, 2018. live.
  36. News: Frank J. Gaffney Jr. Articles. August 17, 2017. The Washington Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20170817080753/http://www.washingtontimes.com/staff/frank-j-gaffney-jr/. August 17, 2017. live.
  37. Web site: Frank J. Gaffney Jr. Archives. Jewish World Review. August 18, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180106122458/http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/gaffney.html. January 6, 2018. live.
  38. Web site: AM 1260 The ANSWER— Program Guide. AM 1260 The ANSWER. August 18, 2017.
  39. News: Milbank. Dana. Meet the Islamophobe inspiring Trump to redefine extremism. July 22, 2016. The Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20160407112912/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/meet-the-islamophobe-inspiring-trump-to-redefine-extremism/2015/12/15/d38c5c0e-a346-11e5-9c4e-be37f66848bb_story.html. April 7, 2016. live.
  40. Web site: Hatewatch Staff. Anti-Muslim Activist Frank Gaffney Interviews White Nationalist Jared Taylor on His Radio Show. Southern Poverty Law Center. August 17, 2017. en. September 30, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170818011049/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/09/30/anti-muslim-activist-frank-gaffney-interviews-white-nationalist-jared-taylor-his-radio-show. August 18, 2017. live.
  41. News: National Security Expert Frank Gaffney Launches New TV Program . PR Newswire. October 28, 2020.
  42. News: Swanson. Ana. July 20, 2019. A New Red Scare Is Reshaping Washington. en-US. The New York Times. April 27, 2021. 0362-4331.
  43. Web site: Frank Gaffney Jr. and the Center for Security Policy . Anti-Defamation League . November 2, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161104013256/http://www.adl.org/civil-rights/discrimination/c/frank-gaffney-jr.html . November 4, 2016 . live.
  44. Web site: David. Keene. David Keene. DAVID KEENE: When conspiracy nuts do real damage . . April 17, 2016 . August 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160812015636/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/apr/17/david-keene-when-conspiracy-nuts-do-real-damage/ . August 12, 2016. live.
  45. Web site: The Bridge Initiative Team . 2016-02-02 . 'Civilization Jihad:' Debunking the Conspiracy Theory . 2024-05-31 . Bridge Initiative . en-US.
  46. News: Frank Gaffney Jr.. July 26, 2015. Southern Poverty Law Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20150514074546/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/profiles/frank-gaffney-jr. May 14, 2015. live.
  47. Web site: Frank Gaffney Jr. and the Center for Security Policy . . August 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818170439/http://www.adl.org/civil-rights/discrimination/c/frank-gaffney-jr.html . August 18, 2016. live.
  48. Web site: Oosting . Jonathan . Colbeck under fire for Muslim conspiracy claims . 2024-05-31 . The Detroit News . en-US.
  49. Web site: 2020-04-30 . Islamophobes React to Coronavirus Pandemic with Anti-Muslim Bigotry . 2024-05-31 . www.adl.org.
  50. News: CPAC Banned Frank Gaffney Over Baseless Anti-Muslim Charges. July 26, 2015. Talking Points Memo. February 15, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20150711170638/http://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/cpac-banned-frank-gaffney-over-baseless-anti-muslim-charges. July 11, 2015. live.
  51. Web site: Sarlin . Benjy . Analysis: How CPAC Foreshadowed Donald Trump's Takeover of the GOP . 5 March 2016 . NBC News . August 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160703045330/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/analysis-how-cpac-foreshadowed-donald-trump-s-takeover-gop-n532386 . July 3, 2016 . live.
  52. Web site: Columnist's Departure For Breitbart Is News To Washington Times . Media Matters. February 27, 2014. August 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160816234632/http://mediamatters.org/blog/2014/02/27/columnists-departure-for-breitbart-is-news-to-w/198262 . August 16, 2016. live.
  53. News: Weigel. David. Frank Gaffney, Obama Truther. July 26, 2015. Reason Magazine. October 14, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20150804233233/http://reason.com/blog/2008/10/14/frank-gaffney-obama-truther. August 4, 2015. live.
  54. News: Bennen. Steve. The crumbling of the right's intellectual infrastructure. July 26, 2015. MSNBC. June 17, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150926132804/http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/the-crumbling-the-rights-intellectual-infrastructure. September 26, 2015. live.
  55. News: Woodruff. Betsy. Glenn Beck Thinks Grover Norquist Is a Muslim Brotherhood Mole. Now, the NRA Is "Investigating.". July 26, 2015. Slate Magazine. March 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150725160516/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/03/16/nra_investigates_grover_norquist_as_glenn_beck_says_he_is_a_muslim_brotherhood.html. July 25, 2015. live.
  56. News: Leading GOP Candidates to Appear at Event Hosted by Anti-Muslim Conspiracist. July 27, 2015. The Intercept.
  57. News: Schwarz. Jon. Jon Schwarz. Muslim-Hating Conspiracy Theorist Frank Gaffney May (or May Not) Be Advising Trump's Transition Team. August 18, 2017. The Intercept. November 16, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170818220404/https://theintercept.com/2016/11/16/muslim-hating-conspiracy-theorist-frank-gaffney-joins-trumps-transition-team/. August 18, 2017. live.
  58. News: Presidential Candidates Set to Appear at Event Hosted By Anti-Muslim Conspiracy Theorist. July 26, 2015. Bridge Initiative. Georgetown University. July 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150726144937/http://bridge.georgetown.edu/presidential-candidates-set-to-appear-at-event-hosted-by-anti-muslim-conspiracy-theorist/. July 26, 2015. dead.
  59. News: Tharoor. Ishaan. The crazy conspiracy theories of Ted Cruz's new foreign policy adviser. July 29, 2016. The Washington Post. March 18, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160822114204/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/03/18/the-conspiratorial-fever-dreams-of-this-ted-cruz-foreign-policy-adviser/. August 22, 2016. live.
  60. News: Clifton. Eli. Meet Donald Trump's Islamophobia Expert. July 29, 2016. Foreign Policy. December 8, 2015. subscription . https://web.archive.org/web/20160801083003/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/08/donald-trump-frank-gaffney-islamophobia-poll/. August 1, 2016. live.
  61. News: Crowley. Michael. Gaffney denies NYT, WSJ reports that he's a Trump adviser. November 16, 2016. Politico. November 16, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161116225907/http://www.politico.com/blogs/donald-trump-administration/2016/11/gaffney-denies-nyt-wsj-reports-that-hes-a-trump-adviser-231504. November 16, 2016. live.
  62. News: Far-right birther's secret funders: Look who's backing Islamophobe Frank Gaffney. July 24, 2015. Salon. October 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150725140801/http://www.salon.com/2014/10/01/far_right_birthers_secret_funders_look_whos_backing_islamophobe_frank_gaffney/. July 25, 2015. live.
  63. News: It never ends. Washington Monthly. Steve. Benen. August 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120512030230/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2009_03/017271.php. May 12, 2012. live.
  64. Web site: Ted Cruz's New Adviser Is Even More Anti-Muslim Than Donald Trump. Jessica Schulberg Foreign Affairs. Reporter. The Huffington. Post. HuffPost. March 17, 2016. November 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161107221048/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ted-cruz-frank-gaffney-islamophobia_us_56eb11cbe4b03a640a69fc3b. November 7, 2016. live.
  65. News: Terkel. Amanda. Frank Gaffney Escalates Crusade To Take Down Grover Norquist. July 26, 2015. Huffington Post. March 5, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150805202053/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/05/frank-gaffney_n_4905219.html. August 5, 2015. live.
  66. News: Brinker. Luke. Conservative civil war: Islamophobic activist seeks to oust Grover Norquist from NRA board. July 26, 2015. Slate Magazine. February 19, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150707061155/http://www.salon.com/2015/02/19/conservative_civil_war_islamophobic_activist_seeks_to_oust_grover_norquist_from_nra_board/. July 7, 2015. live.
  67. News: Bump. Philip. Meet Frank Gaffney, the anti-Muslim gadfly reportedly advising Donald Trump's transition team. The Washington Post. November 16, 2016. March 1, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180301231703/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/08/meet-frank-gaffney-the-anti-muslim-gadfly-who-produced-donald-trumps-anti-muslim-poll/. March 1, 2018. live.
  68. News: Kay. Jonathan. Bachmann, Gaffney, and the GOP's Anti-Muslim Culture of Conspiracy. July 26, 2015. Daily Beast. July 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20150711192335/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/23/bachmann-gaffney-and-the-gop-s-anti-muslim-culture-of-conspiracy.html. July 11, 2015. live.
  69. Web site: Huma Abedin Attacks By Michele Bachmann Condemned By John Boehner, Marco Rubio. July 19, 2012. The Huffington Post. July 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150725121041/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/19/huma-abedin-michele-bachmann_n_1686557.html. July 25, 2015. live.
  70. Web site: Ted Cruz Defends Adviser Who Called Obama America's "First Muslim President". Nick . Baumann. Huffington Post. March 21, 2016. July 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818170723/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/frank-gaffney-cruz-obama-muslim_us_56f093cde4b03a640a6b70ed. August 18, 2016. live.
  71. News: Bauman. Nick. Ted Cruz Defends Adviser Who Called Obama 'America's First Muslim President'. July 22, 2016. Huffington Post. March 21, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818170723/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/frank-gaffney-cruz-obama-muslim_us_56f093cde4b03a640a6b70ed. August 18, 2016. live.
  72. Book: Burt. American. American Hysteria. 2015. Rowman & Littlefield. Lanham, Maryland. 978-1493017652. 156–158.
  73. News: Besser . James . The Latest From the Conspiracy Front . December 9, 2015 . Jewish Week . March 22, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151211090611/http://www.thejewishweek.com/blogs/political_insider/latest_conspiracy_front_us_may_use_gaddafi_precedent_attack_israel . December 11, 2015 .
  74. News: Trump Pushes Dark View of Islam to Center of U.S. Policy-Making. The New York Times. February 1, 2017. Scott. Shane. Matthew. Rosenberg. Eric. Lipton. February 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202054557/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/us/politics/donald-trump-islam.html. February 2, 2017. live.
  75. News: Farhi. Paul. Rejected by PBS, Film on Islam Revived by CPB. August 18, 2017. The Washington Post. May 25, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20161226184552/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/24/AR2007052402571.html. December 26, 2016. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Frank Gaffney".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.