List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe explained

Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. The following individuals received the death penalty for it.

Executed individuals

Belgium

Name Date Notes
John de Wettre 8 September 1292 A "maker of small knives" condemned at Ghent and burned at the pillory next to St. Peter's.[1]
Willem Case1373Executed in Antwerp.[2]
Jan van Aersdone
Two unknowns1375Executed in Ypres.
Unknown1391One of 17 defendants (including 2 women) at a mass trial in Mechelen; only one to confess.
Three unknowns28 June 1578Franciscan friars, burned in Bruges.[3] [4]
Unknown1601Jesuit, burned in Antwerp.

France

Name Date Notes
Robert de Peronne1317Also known as de Bray, burned in Laon; brother Jean given unknown sentence for same charge the next year.[5]
Pierre Poirer1334Burned in Dorche.
Unknown1344Burned at Dorche, Savoy.
Unknown1372Burned at Reims.
Johannes Rorer1400Strasbourg bathhouse owner; his partner, carpenter Heinzmann Hiltebrant, fled the city.[6]
Isaach Salamó1403Jew, burned in Perpignan.[7]
Eighteen unknowns24 December 1474Lombard soldiers, executed in Burgundy.[8]
Gilles de Nevers1457"Host of the golden head", burned in Lille.[9]
Jerome1506A bottlemaker and Jerome, burned in Strasbourg.
Unknown
Jean Moret13 December 1519Burned alive in Amiens, sentenced by city bailiff.[10] [11]
Unknown1535A woman from Fontaines who dressed as a man and married a maid of Foy; burned, case reported by Henri Estienne.[12] [13]
1556 Composer of the Renaissance, executed in Lyon.[14]
Unknown1557Pronotary of Montault, sentenced to be burned.
Marie1580Female weaver in Montier-en-Der, born in Chaumont; dressed as a man, married another woman, and used "illicit devices"; hanged.
Nicolas Dadon1 February 1584Rector of the University of Paris, from Nulli Saint-Front, hanged and burned (along with his trial) for sodomy in Paris.
UnknownApril 1584Italian, burned alive in front of the Louvre in Paris.
Richard Renvoisy6 March 1586Canon of Sainte-Chapelle du Roi in Dijon and "master of children", wrote Quelques odes d'Anacreon mises en musique in 1559. His "too free association with his young students made him fall into a crime", and he was subsequently burned.[15] [16]
Ruffin "Defrozieres" Fortias22 December 1598Hanged and body burned in Issoudun. Sentenced by bailiwick on 28 November.
Jean-Imbert Brunet4 May 1601Local priest of Ollioules, burned by the Parliament of Provence.[17]
Unknown7 March 1654Italian priest accused of sodomy, one of three tortured prisoners. He, "having confessed by all rigorosity (sic) of his pains, was condemned to be first hanged, and afterwards burnt - a sentence carried out the next day" in Paris.
Antoine Mazouer1666Burned in Paris.[18] [19]
Emery Ange Dugaton
Antoine Bouquet26 August 1671Sentenced to burn alive.
Unknown31 March 167760-year-old, burned in the Marché-Neuf in Paris. Sentenced earlier that day.
Philippe Basse1720Burned in Paris, also convicted of blasphemy.[20]
Bernard Mocmanesse
Benjamin Deschauffours1726Procurer, burned on Place de Grève in Paris. Accused of killing a kidnapped boy.
Two unknowns1745Former associates of the bandit Raffiat, who was broken on the wheel in 1742. They were pierced in their tongues, hanged and burned; they were also charged with blasphemy.[21]
6 July 1750 The last two to be executed for sodomy in France
Bruno Lenoir
Unknown1757Parish priest of Ludres, condemned to be burned by the sovereign court of Lorraine; made an edifying speech to his parishioners speech before he was executed, and organized pilgrimages were made to the execution site afterwards.[22] [23]

Germany

Name Date Notes
Heinrich Schreiber1378Convicted by a Munich civil court, probably executed.
Br. Hans Storzl1381Two monks, two Beghards, and a peasant, burned in Augsburg for "having committed heresy with one another."
Br. Eberhard of St. Lienhart
Three unknowns
Ulrich Frey1408 or 1409From Augsburg; one burned, other 4 (all ecclesiastics) bound hand and foot in a wooden cage to starve.
Jacob Kyss
Ulrich
Two unknowns
Two unknowns1418Clerics, convicted to burn in Konstanz; probably executed.
Br. Conradt1464Burned in Konstanz.
Ulrich Vischer
Georg Semler1471Decapitated in Regensburg.
Fritz Rottel
Stefan Karl
Andre Vetter
1477 German cross-dressing lesbian executed for heresy against nature after having used a dildo on two female partners.
Cristan Schriber1488Burned in Konstanz.
Jacob Miller1532Decapitated in Augsburg. Wagner was caught giving Will a jacket and a rapier "as an outward sign of their connection."[24]
Bernhard/Berlin Wagner
Michel Will
Franz von Alsten1536 or 1537Decapitated in Munster.
Christopher Mayer13 August 1594Mayer, a weaver of fustian, and Weber, a fruiterer, both citizens of Nuremberg, committed sodomy together for 3 years until they were spotted in the act behind a hedge by a hook-maker's apprentice. Weber had also committed sodomy with Endressen, a cook, an Alexander, and others over the past 20 years. Mayer was beheaded, and his body was burnt with Weber as he was burned alive.[25]
Hans Weber
Hans Wolff Marti11 March 1596Marti, a tradesman, citizen of Wehr, had committed sodomy in various places and times, including first with a bargeman at Ibss, with another partner at Brauningen, and with a peasant at Miltenburck. Beheaded with the sword "as a favour" before his body was burned.
Ludwig le Gros15 June 1704Prussian soldiers, beheaded in Berlin after confessing to having sexual relations with each other under Charles V's code of 1532 which criminalized sodomy.[26] [27] [28] [29]
Martin Schultze
1721 Prussian cross-dressing lesbian executed for sodomy in Halberstadt; her execution was the last for lesbian sexual activity in Europe.
Ephraim Ostermann31 January 1729Baker, age 30. Arrested for two sexual acts with his apprentice, Martin Köhler, who allegedly died of "unnatural loss of semen". Admitted under torture to similar acts on 20 other men. Beheaded in Potsdam under the court of Friedrich Wilhelm I.
After the Nazi takeover in 1933, the persecution of homosexuals in Germany became a priority of the Nazi police state. Between 1933 and 1945, an estimated 100,000 men were arrested as homosexuals; ten thousands of which were sentenced by courts. Most of these men served time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 6,000 were imprisoned in concentration camps. The death rate of these prisoners has been estimated at 60 percent, a higher rate than those of other prisoner groups. A smaller number of men were sentenced to death or killed at Nazi euthanasia centres. After the war, homosexuals were initially not counted as victims of Nazism because homosexuality continued to be illegal in Nazi Germany's successor states.

Ireland

!Name!Date!Notes
John Atherton1640Bishop of Waterford and Lismore and his tithe proctor, hanged in Waterford. They were convicted under a law Atherton had voiced support for.
John Childe

Italy

Name Date Notes
Niger de Pulis1287Burned in Parma.[30] [31]
Adenolfo IV13 July 1293Count of Acerra, impaled in Perugia by Charles II of Anjou.[32]
Agostino di Ercole1348Likely executed in Florence. He did not believe his crime was serious and felt that if he was worthy of death, "then many others were to be considered worthy of death".
Pietro di Ferrara20 February 1349Servant, burned in Venice. Tried and convicted by the Lords of the Night along with fellow servant Giacomello di Bologna on December 29, 1348, who was only banished as he did not confess.
Rolandina Roncaglia20 March 1354Transgender female prostitute, burned in Venice. Originally from Padua, prior to presenting as female she was sometimes mistaken for a woman because of her feminine mannerisms. Initially married to a woman, but later had sex with a man and began presenting as female before moving to Venice. Sold eggs by day and sexual favors by night; most clients did not know of Roncaglia's sex, but per her account no one in Venice objected to her transitioning. Worked for 7 years before she was reported by a client and arrested.[33] [34] [35]
Nicoleto Marmagna3 October 1357Venetian boatman and his servant, burned by the Lords of Night. Marmagna was married to Braganza's sister.[36]
Giovanni Braganza
7 May 1365 15-year-old Italian boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite".[37] [38]
Nanni di Firenze27 July 1401Likely burned in Venice.[39]
Nani Silvestri20 December 1401Merchant, likely burned in Venice.
Domenico da Fermo3 January 1402Barber, burned in Venice. Resisted interrogative torture, refusing to and retracting any given confessions.
Clario Contarini1407A group of young nobles and clerics, burned in Venice. From a group of 35, including 14 nobles, tried by the Council of Ten; scandal ensued due to the backgrounds of the accused.[40]
Fifteen or sixteen unknowns
Domenico di Giovanni29 July 1420Decapitated in Florence.[41]
Alvisio1421Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna.
Francesco Guglielimi1422Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna. Guglielmi's house in Valdonica was also burned and his heirs' property was confiscated.[42]
Stefano da Prato
Francesco Mancini1 December 1423Sicilian university law professor and his servant, beheaded in Piazza del Comune, Bologna.[43]
Antonio Micileto
Antonio d'Ugolino9 May 1443From S. Michele di Mugello, hanged and burned in Florence. Buried in the temple.
Simon Barbiere Bizzello28 May 1443 or 20 May 1444Decapitated in Florence.[44]
Mafeo Barbaro1464Beheaded and burned in Venice. Their younger (puer) companions, Giovanni Basadona and Giovanni Filippo Priuli, were both exiled for 8 years.
Ermolao Foscari
Antonio di Giovanni Pucca17 April 1469Beccamorto, decapitated in Florence.
Padano d'Otranto1474Beheaded and burned together in Piazza San Marco, Venice, by the Council of Ten. Two from a group of six tried by the Council, and the only ones executed due to their active status; the others received lesser punishments.
Marino Alegeti
Marco Baffo11 September 1476Hanged in Venice by the Council of Ten. Baffo was married to the daughter of Piramo da Veglia.[45]
Francesco Toniuti
Francesco Cercato1480Hanged between the columns of a square in Venice.[46]
Marco Baffo1485Hanged in Venice.[47]
Unknown1490s17-year-old hanged in Ferrara.[48]
Geronimo15 March 1504Burned in the public square of Vastato, Genoa.[49]
Giovanni di Piero Masini25 August 1514Baker's boy, hanged and burned in the courtyard of the Bargello.
Unknown1540Executed in Bologna.[50]
Unknown1541Executed in Bologna.
Francesco Fabrizio1545Priest of San Giuliano and poet, decapitated and burned by the Council of Ten.[51]
Two unknowns1547Executed (one hanged and burned, the other quartered) in Bologna.
Unknown1549Hanged and burned in Bologna.
Jacopo Bonfadio19 July 1550 Humanist and historian, beheaded and burnt in Genoa.[52]
Francesco Calcagno23 December 1550Franciscan friar (laicized and expelled), executed in Venice.[53]
Antonio di Giovanni Bandoni24 October 1551Hanged and burned (or quartered) in Florence.[54]
Grazia di Negroponte15 June 1553Turkish footman; strangled and burned in Pratello, Florence. Converted to Christianity nine months prior. Buried in the temple.
Messer Rinieri25 September 155656-year-old cathedral canon and man of letters from the Franchi family, hanged and burned in Perugia by Sixtus V for "having repeatedly scaled the walls of the seminary of said Perugia, on behalf of sodomy."[55]
Gabriele Thomaein17 February 1559German from Augsburg, burned in Rome with 3 heretics.[56]
Baptistam Bariliarum11 October 1561Decapitated on a high platform between two columns and burned in Venice.[57]
Paseto Portador12 December 1562Decapitated on a high platform between two columns in Piazza di San Marco, Venice, and burned. Also convicted of homicide.
Nicola da Germinà12 July 1565Burned in Bargello, Milan.[58]
Ambrogio di Croce8 April 1566Hanged and burned in Milan.[59]
UnknownJuly 1566Young man burned on a bridge in Rome.[60]
Giuseppe D'Angelo18 December 1566From Monte di Trapani (Erice), hanged and burned in Palermo.[61]
Cornelio Mantovani1567Policeman, burned in Bologna.
Cosimo la Mirabella13 June 1567Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Santoni Giuliano
Bernardino di Marsala8 October 1567Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Nico2 December 1567Becher, beheaded and burned between the two columns of San Zulian, Venice; convicted of sodomy "among other faults", which we were read alound from a platform over the Grand Canal.
Sebastiano Vita20 February 1568Executed and burned in Palermo.
Unknown21 August 1568Young man burned in Rome; many "false doors" were ordered closed that night.[62]
Valerio1570Hanged in Bologna. Surname not reported.
Luigi FontinoMarch 1570Musician and canon of the Basilica of Nostra Signora di Loreto, laicizied and beheaded in Loreto for relations with a student of his, 16-year-old Luigi Dalla Balla. Giovanni Leonardo Primavera, another lover of Dalla Balla, escaped persecution in 1585.[63]
Cosimo la Piccola23 June 1570Strangled and burned in Palermo.
Francesco la Motta7 May 1573Strangled and burned in Palermo.
Simone Micara
Melchiorre di Trapani24 November 1574Strangled and burned in Palermo.
Unknown25 June 1576From Pesaro, hanged and burned in Milan.
BattistaAugust 1578From a group of eleven, mostly Portuguese and Spanish, who were arrested in a church near San Giovanni Laterano for organizing same-sex marriage ceremonies, burned in Rome:

[64]

Antonio de Vélez
Francisco Hererra
Bernardino de Alfar
Alfonso de Robles
Marcos Pinto
Jerómino de Paz
Gaspar de Martín
Luciano lo Terrosi19 November 1578Strangled and burned in Palermo.
Giovanni di Bella4 December 1578Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Giuseppe Benanti15 May 1579Strangled in Palermo; also executed was Giacopo di Giacopo, who made false allegations against Giuseppe de Marino in another sodomy trial.
D. Carlo Barone3 August 1579Executed (Barone unknown, Bevaceto beheaded, Russitano and Scolaro strangled) and burned in Palermo. The father of D. Pietro Vinacito paid the court 15,000 scudi to spare the men, but the executions were still carried out.
Don Paolo Bevaceto
Giacomo Russitano
Antonio Scolaro
Prospero Magri11 April 1580Strangled in Palermo.
Giovanni Bentivoglio29 July 1580Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Fabrizio Lisci
Matteo Paladino25 August 1581Brigand, strangled and burned in Palermo.
Geronimo Galesi19 November 1582Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Pietro d'Olieri
Innocenzo Bonamico2 May 1583Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Muscato
Antonino Polito18 May 1583Hanged and burned in Palermo. Also convicted of country theft.
Lazzarino Almirotto14 January 1584Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Giovanni Borgognone29 November 1584Executioner, burned outside of Porta Ticinese, Milan.
Giuseppe Serio29 May 1585Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two young beardless men.
Vincenzo Malatesta25 June 1585Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Leonardo d'Amadeo2 December 1585Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Unknown9 May 158620-year-old pedant (teacher) from Ponticelo, hanged in the Archi and burned in Genoa; tried along with another teacher who was also sentenced to death but it is unknown if he too was executed.[65]
G. Battista Inbrunetta26 April 1586Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Two unknownsJune 1586Priest and boy, both burned in Rome even though they had both voluntarily confessed.
Andrea li Sarti17 June 1586Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Scipione di Nicolò11 July 1586Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two clean-shaven young men.
Aurelio Ciafaglione23 December 1586Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with a young beardless man.
Girolamo Incudina2 January 1587Body quartered and displayed in the streets of Palermo. Also convicted of theft and murder.
Francesco Carlini1588Hanged and burned in Bologna. Also convicted of theft and heresy.
Giuseppe Magliocco7 January 1588Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Don Vincenzo Alteato14 November 1589Burned outside Porta Ticinese, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.
Giovanni Mazzone1 February 1590Hanged in Palermo.
Bernardino di Camillo1592Hanged together in Ponte, Rome, after being led through the city.
Muzio di Senso
Ottaviano Bargellini1593A member of a senatorial family (Bargellini) and a Jew (Orsini), beheaded together in Bologna. Orsini converted to Christianity before the execution as Paolo and his body was displayed in Piazza Maggiore.[66]
Allegro Orsini
Antonio d'Assena24 March 1593Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Two unknowns23 May 1593Likely hanged and burned after a long trial in Bologna.[67]
Andria Badulato24 November 1593Hanged in Palermo.
Ioanni Costa1 June 1594Hanged in Palermo.
Leonardo Cortese30 August 1594Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Mariano Pignataro22 April 1598Choked and burned in Palermo.
Mario di Croce18 January 1599Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.
Gio. Batta Aricardi3 April 1599Weaver, partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.
Paolo Ferrare27 July 1599Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Ausebio Bonhomo13 August 1599From Nicosia, hanged and burned in Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.
Alessandro Cabiate14 August 1599Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.
Petro "Haro" Curchio22 March 1601Choked on a stake and burned in Palermo.
Domenico Galletti12 September 1601Strangled and burned on Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.
Francesco Cappadona28 September 1601Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Mustafà Giorgio4 June 1602Turkish slave of the Duchess of Maqueda and a Spanish soldier in the company of D. Ernando di Gusman, hanged in Palermo.
Petro Scudero
Francesco La Barbara12 June 1602Strangled and burned on Piano della Marina, Palermo.
Bartolo di Bernabeo Aquilanti27 August 1602Hanged for "pimping sodomy" in Florence.
Minico la Sola20 June 1603From Partanna, hanged in Palermo.
Paulu Simonetto19 April 1606Hanged in Palermo.
Giovanni Maria Bonfiglioli1607Hanged and burned in Bologna.
Giovanni Garsè21 February 1607Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Sebastiano/Vespasiano Spalletta26 March 1607Hanged in Palermo.
Giuseppe di Tommaso27 November 1607From Castello a Mare (Longbardi), hanged and burned together in Palermo.
Antonio Longobardi
Rocco Febo15 March 1608City executioner, hanged and burned in Palermo.
Vincenzo "Bella di Sciacca" d'Amico17 June 1608Habitual sodomite, hanged and burned in Palermo.
Antonio Carcano22 September 1609Hanged and burned in Milan.
Two unknowns1610Hanged and burned in Bologna.
Giovanni di Bernardo Pieri4 July 1610Hanged and burned in Florence.
Vincenzo "Scannaserpi" d'Abbene1 December 1610Hanged in Palermo. Also convicted of "field theft".
Leonardo Rocco
Melchiore "Franzosino" da Verè15 February 1611Burned in Milan, buried in S. Giovanni.
Giovanni Batta d'Antonio15 July 1611Cloth weaver, strangled on a stake and burned in Florence.
Giuseppe Colomba3 March 1612From Termini and Castronovo respectively, hanged and burned together in Palermo.
Paolo Simonetta
Francesco "Picalupo" Lo Re11 July 1612Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Paolo Zani1613Hanged and burned in Bologna.
Vito Anello16 July 1613Hanged in Palermo.
Caviaro1613 or 1615Executioner of Modena, hanged. He mocked the exhortations of clergy at the execution.[68]
Giacomo Biavati1614Porter, hanged and burned in Bologna.
Orlando Crispo17 February 1614Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Bartolomeo di Giovanni Carletti30 October 1614Musician, hanged and burned in Florence.
Gio. Batta Rovida24 December 1614Hanged and burned in Milan.
Avril or Avrile1615Young Provençal, burned in Turin. His lover, Giovan Battista Marino, fled to France.[69]
Domenico "Meneghino" Facchino2 March 1615Hanged and burned in Milan.
Maurizio "Prè Strazzone" Lana10 October 1615Son of Madonna Benedetta, burned in La Vetra, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.
Antonio Crotto14 January 1616From Bergamo, hanged and burned in Milan.
Giovanne Corvo5 May 1617Hanged in Palermo.
Paolo "Pizo" Marino7 June 1618Hanged in Palermo.
Cola Ioanni Cassisi12 April 1619Hanged in Palermo.
Giulio di Giovanni Sorbi9 July 1621Formerly of Guardia de' Lioni, strangled on a stake and burned in the middle of Pratello, Florence.
Giovanni Incardona10 December 1622Hanged in Palermo.
Francesco lo Guzzo7 December 1623Hanged on Piano della Marina, Palermo.
Francesco "Cappellitto" Garagazzo19 December 1623Hanged in Palermo.
Petro Costa
Piero di Marsilio di Marradi17 July 162734 or 40 and 43, hanged and burned in Florence. Sources are conflicting on details.[70]
Angiolo di Ottavio Cappelli
Giovanni Angelo Maggio19 August 1627Hanged and burned in Milan.
Antonio d'Aprile3 August 1628Hanged in Palermo.
Soliman Moro26 August 1628Turkish slave, hanged and burned in Palermo.
Pietro "D. Ramundo" l'Indovino14 May 1631Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Francesco Rotundo17 April 1632Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Vincenzo "Muratore" Dammacanale12 October 1633Hanged and burned in Palermo.
Francesco Turturici20 June 1634Hanged in Palermo.
Lorenzo Bivona7 August 1634Hanged in Palermo.
Filippo Bonanno Xacca/Sciacca17 July 1638Hanged in Palermo under the Grande Almirante.
Blasi Canizzo5 November 1640From Licodia, hanged and burned in Palermo.
Vincenzo Oddo3 November 1646Hanged in Palermo.
Nicolò Morello22 July 1655From Ascoli, hanged and burned in Milan.
Francesco di Vincenzo22 August 1660From Viterbo, carried on a cart on a donkey and then beheaded in Florence.
Bernardino Restello6 February 1662Hanged and burned in Milan.
Giuseppe Colombo20 December 1664Hanged and burned in Milan.
Giuseppe Lopez1668Hanged in Naples with Nicola Fanfano. At his execution he admitted that his implication of Fanfano was made under torture, but Fanfano was still hanged.[71]
Alessandro Borromeo3 June 166820-year-old Paduan noble, son of Girolamo Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten. Described as "scandalous" and "without Christian law" for seducing his friends.
Paolo Cricetti10 December 166819-year-old friend of Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice.
Unknown1686Hanged in Bologna.
Giacomo "il Marangone" Redaello22 April 1692Tortured, strangled with a noose and burned in Milan; also convicted of other crimes. His accomplices were also tortured.[72]
Unknown29 March 1710Hanged and beheaded in Milan. Voluntarily confessed to having passive and continued relations with his master, along with "treasonous homicide" and robbery; head displayed at Boschi di Longhignana.[73]
Antonio Fontana15 September 1724From Verona, beheaded and burned in Venice. Also convicted of sacrilegious theft.[74]
Pellegrino Torri1727Hanged in Bologna; his eyes and nose were also cut off to render his body unrecognizable.
Vincenzo Pelliciari20 July 1727Hanged in Modena. Publicly boasted that he had married the devil and had regular relations with him, along with other heresies and blasphemies; tried by the Inquisition and executed by the secular wing.
Giovanni Antonio Cremis28 May 1736From Felizzano, hanged and burnt in Alessandria. His accomplice, 15-year-old Giovanni Stefano Barnaba Mordea of Asti, is sentenced to row oars in the royal fleet for 5 years.[75]
Unknown12 September 173628-year-old barber of the boat in S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, hanged on the bridge of Sant'Angelo, Rome.[76]
Giuseppe del già Domenico Rossi21 October 1747Hanged and burned in Florence.
Bernardo Gabrieli15 May 1748Cleric, decapitated on a platform between the two columns of St. Mark's, Venice.
Andrea Brazzoi/Brasola1749Mantuan, beheaded and burned in Venice.
Antonio Lambranzi31 August 175230-year-old becher from Cannaregio, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten for "sodomy having used many iniquities".
Bartolomeo Luisetti10 April 1764Son of quondam Antonio of Villa Albese, suffocated and burned in the square of del Brolo, Milan, in front of S. Stefano. Pietro Verri reported on the case, claiming Lusietti was a pederast but that he "had never committed a misdeed in his life".
Unknown1771Monk burned in Venice

Malta

!Name!Date!Notes
Two unknownsMarch 1616Spanish soldier (or sailor[77]) and a local Maltese bardasso (teenage prostitute), both burned; execution described by the Scottish traveller William Lithgow.[78] More than 100 bardassoes fled to Sicily on a galley the following night.[79]

Netherlands

Name Date Notes
Gooswyn de Wilde1447[80] President of the States of Holland, beheaded.[81]
Unknown1463Likely burned by the Court of Holland.[82]
Unknown1605Burned in Middelburg.
Ingel Harmensz1643A young Dutch sailor and a Mardijker, executed (Harmensz drowned, de Sal burned) in Batavia under the VOC.[83] [84]
Bento de Sal
Jan van Cleef1644A soldier, a Batavia burgher, and a Council of the Indies member, strangled and burned at the orders of Anthony van Diemen.
Pieter Egbertsz
Joost Schouten
Gerrit Jansz de Wit1645Boatswain, drowned in a bag in Batavia, former partner of Joost Schouten.
Four unknowns1646Chinese, burned in Batavia, also convicted of counterfeiting money.
Two unknowns1647A ship's captain and a young boy, executed (the captain burnt and the boy drowned) in Batavia.
Five unknowns1647Chinese, executed (two burned, two strangled and burned, and one drowned) in Malacca, also convicted of counterfeiting money.
Four unknowns1648Chinese, presumed burned in Malacca.
Six unknowns1652A 40-year-old Dane and five "black" boys, executed (the Dane burnt, and the boys drowned) in Batavia.
Unknown1676Executed in Utrecht, one of three defendants (including a burgomaster).
Two unknowns1686Two men, likely drowned in a barrel in Amsterdam.
Two unknowns1702Two men, executed in Rotterdam for having relations in an almoner's house.
Unknown1721Executed in Utrecht.
Leendert Hasenbosch1725
Adriaen Spoor2 December 1727Dutch sailors from St. Maertensdyck and Ghent, aged 23 and 18 respectively, on the Zeewijk which wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos on 9 June. While on the islands, they were caught in "the abominable and god-forsaken deeds of Sodom and Gomorrah." They were subsequently marooned on separate rocky islands nearby.[85] [86] [87]
Pieter Engels
Two unknowns13 May 1728Two slaves, drowned together on the Cape of Good Hope; names not recorded.[88]
Jan Backer12 June 1730hanged and burned in the Hague. Backer was a house servant hiring middleman.
Jan Schut
Frans VerheydenOccupation unknown, milkman, coat embroiderer, occupation unknown, and servant, hanged and thrown into the sea at Scheveningen with 50-pound weights.
Cornelius Wassermaar
Pieter Styn
Dirk van Royen
Herman Mouillant
Pieter Marteyn Janes Sohn24 June 1730Strangled and burned in Amsterdam. Keep was a decorator.[89]
Johannes Keep
Maurits van EedenHouse servant and Johannes Keep's servant, age 18, drowned in a barrel in Amsterdam.
Cornelius Boes
Jan Westhoff29 June 1730Soldiers, strangled and buried under the gallows in Kampen.
Steven Klok
Leendert de Haas17 July 173060-year-old candlemaker, distiller, and a gentleman's servant, strangled and burnt in Rotterdam, and their ashes dumped from a boat at sea.
Casper Schroder
Huibert van Borselen
Pieter van der Hal21 July 1730Grain carrier, glove launderer, agent, and tavern keeper; hanged and thrown into the sea at Scheveningen with 100-pound weights.
Adriaen Kuyleman
David Munstlager
Willem la Feber
Antonie ByweegenFishmonger, hanged and burned to ashes in the Hague.
Laurens Hospinjon16 September 1730Chief of detectives in the Navy, strangled and thrown in water with a 100-pound weight in Amsterdam.
Cornelis Palamedes19 October 1730Teacher, age 56, half strangled and burnt to ash in Veen near Heusden; previously had relationship with Dirk van Royen (see 12 June 1730).
Two unknowns22 September 1731A drummer and an orphan, beheaded in Groningen.
Gerrit Loer24 September 1731Executions in Zuidhorn:
  • Loer, 48, farmer, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash; had committed sodomy with several persons, including on his way to and from church.
  • Berents, 32, a Liplander, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash.
  • Immes, 45, from Huifinga, strangled to death and burned.
  • Jans, 40 or 41, from Aduwert, strangled to death and burned; no response.
  • Hendrix, 40, from Nieuwkerk, strangled to death and burned; no response.
  • Wygers, 45, from Doefem, strangled to death and burned; no response.
  • Brakel, 37, strangled to death and burned; no response.
  • Rol, 32 or 36, from Esinga, strangled and burnt; swayed back and forth upon being sentenced and bowed to all present before leaving.
  • Donderen, 30, strangled and burnt; cried out "Oh
Oh!" upon hearing sentence.
  • Egberts, 19, strangled and burnt; corrected the judge when age was listed incorrectly in sentence, and bowed saying "It is all right, sir," before leaving.
  • Peter Cornelisz, 20 or 21, strangled and burnt; appeared to be about to faint as sentence was read but sighed instead.
  • Hendrik Cornelisz, 21, strangled and burnt; said "I forgive you and thank you gentlemen for the sentence which I shall receive."
  • Leuwes, 19, strangled and burned; sighed and quickly left.
  • Idses, 18, strangled and burnt; told the court "I forgive you for the sin you have committed against me."
  • Jan Jansz, 18, strangled and burnt; no response.
  • Cornelis Jansz, 18; told the court "You may see how you direct me."
  • Harms, 16, strangled and burnt; no response.
  • Tamme Jansz, 14, strangled and burnt; remained silent when sentenced.
  • Iacobs, 16[90] or 18, from Nieuhooven, strangled and burnt; no response.

[91]

Hendrick Berents
Asinga Immes
Eysse Jans
Gosen Hendrix
Jan Wygers
Jan Harms Brakel
Mindelt Jansz Rol
Jan Jacobs den Donderen
Jan Egberts
Peter Cornelisz
Hendrik Cornelisz
Hindrik Leuwes
Jan Idses
Jan Jansz
Cornelis Jansz
Gerrit Harms
Tamme Jansz
Thomas Iacobs
Jan van der LelieHanged and thrown into the sea in the Hague.
Class Blanc1735Dutch, executed in Batavia. Jacobsz, a sailor, was formerly accused of sodomy in 1713.
Rijkaert Jacobsz
Jan Kemmer1765Young man executed in Amsterdam. Claimed his first act took place when still in an orphanage and connected to known sodomite networks after an encounter in Amsterdam's town hall's citizens' hall. Named 15 other boys in his confession. Described as "particularly acquainted with the Truths (Biblical truths)."
Abraham Feijs177219-year-old tailor in Leiden, declared in interrogation he had never slept with a woman and had committed sodomy "hundreds of times". Last execution in Leiden.
Jillis Bruggeman 9 March 1803 Last person executed for sodomy in Netherlands[92]

Poland

Name Date Notes
Marcin Gołek 9 November 1633 Master baker and his apprentice, burned in Sieradz. Both accused the other of initiating the relationship.[93]
Wojciech ze Sromotki

Portugal

!Name!Date!Notes
Two unknowns1621Effeminate dancers, burned alive in Lisbon. They were part of a group called Dança dos Fanchonos led by 30-year-old mulatto Antonio Rodrigues.
Santos de Almeida164566-year-old royal chaplain, burned in Lisbon; said to have resided over a "conventicle of fanchonos".
Two unknowns1647Old Christians, burned for sodomy and religious visions in a Lisbon auto-da-fé.[94]
Unknown3 April 1669Old Christian priest, burned for sodomy in a Lisbon auto-da-fé with 79 Judaizers.
Unknown1671Priest, executed by the Portuguese Inquisition in Lisbon. Last person executed as a fanchono.

Spain

Name Date Notes
Unknown1290Moor, burned at Arguedas "for lying with others".
Juce Abolfaça1345Jews from Puente la Reina, burned together at Olite.[95]
Simuel Nahamán
Pascoal de Rojas1346Burned at Tudela for "heresy with his body".
Unknown1373Servant, burned in Olite for relations with another servant.
Antoni1395Slave of Francesc Peres in Barcelona, burned.
Mahoma Mofari1458Muslim potters in Lleida sentenced to burn for mutual same-sex relations as well as heterosexual relations with Christian prostitutes. Mahoma converted to Christianity and adopted the name Pere Cirera before the execution, so he was drowned before being burned.
Açen
1460 Cross-dressing transgender woman.
Joan de Llobera28 May 1464Llobera, a councilor of Barcelona in 1463, and Polo, an "immoral hermit", were strangled and burnt in La Rambla.
Bartomeu Polo
Gaspar Rajadell21 July 1464Rajadell and Sori, a scribe, were drowned in a wine bucket and then burnt in La Rambla.
Joan Sori
Five unknowns1476Burned in Barcelona during a plague attack.
Six unknowns1495Italians, seen hanged upside down by a German traveler in Almeria.
Two unknowns1495Castilians, seen hanged upside down in the same manner as the Italians by the same German traveler in Madrid.
Two unknowns1501–1600Two nuns burned for using "material instruments", recorded by Antonio Gomez.[96]
Twelve unknowns1506Dozen men, burned in Seville.
Salomon Antón20 December 1519Sicilian master of the Victoria, strangled and burned under Ferdinand Magellan at Santa Lucia, Brazil. Caught in the act off the coast of Guinea. His partner, Genoese apprentice sailor António Varesa, drowned on 27 April 1520 when thrown overboard by his shipmates.[97] [98] [99] [100] [101]
Salvador Vidal1541Rural priest, "relaxed" (handed over to be executed) to the secular arm by Saragossa tribunal.
Unknown1546Layman, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.
Unknown1551Castilian soldier, executed in Saragossa awaiting a public auto-da-fé.
Four unknowns1558A Castilian jurist/lawyer, 2 priests, and a French shepherd boy, all burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.
Unknown1566A French interpreter who lived with the Guale, garroted under the orders of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés at Santa Elena. Pedro's nephew and an ensign told him that he was "a Lutheran and a great sodomite," so he lured the interpreter out by claiming he had presents to give to the cacique. The cacique's oldest son, one of two natives living with the interpreter, cried upon hearing this and begged him "to return at once." The interpreter was killed in secrecy on arrival, and the Guale were told that he had disappeared.[102]
Three unknowns1572Foreigners, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé with 9 Aragonese peasants convicted of bestiality along with their animals.
Two unknowns1573Trinitarian monks, executed in Valencia.
Martín de Castro1574Male prostitute, burned in Madrid; present at the trials of two high-ranking clients, Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borgia and the Count of Ribagorza, in 1572.[103]
Miguel Salvador de Morales25 June 1574Morales, a Trinitarian friar, and Tafolla had known each other since childhood, even sleeping in the same room. Tafolla had just returned from traveling in Italy and went to Morales's monastery in Valencia, where they were caught; both were burned.
Baptista Tafolla
Juan Bautista FinochoJuly 1575Mariner on the galleon San Tadeo, burned in the harbor of La Havana.
Two unknowns1579Teenage boys, executed in Seville for "frolicking in bed together."[104]
Unknown1581Neapolitan, burned for a "habit of Italy" in Seville.[105]
Diego Maldonado1585Sodomite group, burned together in Seville by secular authorities. Maldonado, a member of a "well-to-do family" from Granada, was the group leader.[106]
Salvador Martín
Alonso Sánchez
Five unknowns
Muyuca or Machuco1585African, probably a freed slave, burned in Seville as a alcahuete (procurer). Described as "very well known for the dealings he had with good-looking gentlemen." He wore a ruff, cosmetics, and a wig at his execution, likely as forced humiliation rather than by choice.
Seven unknowns15877 adolescents under 21 years old, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).
Gaspar Arrimen1588Moriscos in Valencia, both age 20; both burned.
Pedro Alache
Two unknowns158817-year-olds, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).
Two unknowns1588French, burned in Seville.
Twelve unknowns1600Dozen men, burned in Seville.
Gerónimo Ponce de Leon1603Mulattoes, tried and executed by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación in Seville.[107]
Domingo López
Unknown1604Street vendor of Triana, burned in Seville; described as "fat, deaf, and blind."[108]
Jose Estravagante1607Galley prisoners, 31 and 20, respectively; Teixidor had been convicted of sodomy and Estravagente of another crime. Fellow prisoners denounced they were having an affair and they were subsequently burned in Valencia by the Inquisition.
Bartolomeo Teixidor
Two unknowns1616Colored, burned in Seville. Names not recorded.
Nicolas Gonzales162520-year-old prostitute from Orihuela and those he implicated under questioning (including 7 slaves, such as a 40-year-old Turk), burned together in Valencia. He named over 60 men and boys when questioned. Gonzales admitted to not only prostituting himself, but also procuring others his age (usually to slaves). 128 quintals of wood were needed to burn all 12 over a 7-hour period, "something never seen or heard of in Valencia".
Eleven unknowns
Two unknowns1626Executed in Valencia outside of the inquisition palace "without making a noise".
Unknown1640Burned in Granada.
Unknown1647Burned in a Barcelona auto-da-fé.
Francisco1648Portuguese mulatto, tried and executed by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación in Seville.
Juan Chapinero1651Two blacks (one free, the latter a slave), publicly garroted and their corpses burnt in Mexico City.
Nicolás
Juan de la CruzMarch 1670Indigenous resident of La Lagunilla, publicly burned in the public market of San Juan, Mexico City on a Monday at 4:00 PM.
Five unknowns25 June 1671Two mulattoes and three blacks, burned in San Lázaro, Mexico City; caught in the act at Juan de Ávila's mill in Mixcoac. The site of their execution is today the location of Mexico's national archives.
Seven unknowns13 November 1673A group of mulattoes, blacks, and mestizos, burned in Mexico City; caught in the act in the same textile mill.
Two unknowns20 November 1686A mulatto and a mestizo, burned together in Mexico City; a black man was publicly shamed as an accomplice.
Two unknownsFebruary 1735Sentenced to death and their corpses burned in Mexico City "for the grave crime of Sodomy"; case reported in the Gazeta de México.
Two unknowns27 August 1738Indigenous, sentenced to burn in Mexico City for the "nefarious crime"; on the way to be executed, members of the local cofradía accompanied them.
Unknown23 June 1784"The nefarious offender of this royal jail", burned in Mexico City and his body reduced to ashes in the accustomed site.

Switzerland

Name Date Notes
Lord Haspisperch1277German-Swiss aristocrat, burned by Rudolph I in Basel. Unknown if politically motivated.
Friedrich1399Cook, burned in Basel; his partner, Friedrich Schregelin, was banished.
Hermann von Hohenlandberg1431Burgher and noble, accused of robbing travelers outside of Zurich in 1419; executed for multiple relationships with male adolescents. Reportedly offered a 14-year-old "clothes" for accompanying him.
Two unknowns1444Bishop of Geneva's personal chef, a Greek, and his Genevan partner, both hanged; first executions in Geneva for sodomy.
Two unknowns1464Sexton of a pilgrimage church and a boy, both burned in Einsiedeln.
Eighteen unknowns1474Captured Lombard mercenaries, burned in Basel.
24 September 1482 Alsatian nobleman and knight and his servant, burned in Zurich.
Anton Mätzler
Hans Zogg1489Burned in Lucerne.
Uli im Tann
6 April 1489 Executed for multiple crimes, including sodomy.
Jehan Ruaulx1493Pastry chef in Fribourg, returned from France with an ear and his penis missing for attempted sodomy in Sisteron; confessed to relations with men, including a cleric, in Lausanne and Fribourg.
Heinrich Baltschmid1506Burned in Lucerne.
Felix Bluntschli
Caspar Noll
Hans Honegger
Jacob von Schloss1515Burned in Zurich; arrested for theft, found to have had relations with several men of superior age and economic status. First seduced by a notary in the Savoy court of Geneva, he blamed the welsch (French, Savoyards, etc.) of introducing "such viciousness" to Germans.[109]
Andres von Tschafel1519Broken on the wheel and burned in Lucerne.
Blasius Hipold1519Burned in Lucerne.
Bonifaz Dorn27 January 1519Decapitated in Lucerne.
Johannes Nusser1520Broken on the wheel in Lucerne. Case brought before council of Lucerne after it was discovered he had been given a jacket for having sex with a man under a bridge in Rome. Confessed to sex with "human and animals, women and men, boys and adult men, Italians and Germans, laypeople and clerics" while serving as papal guard in Rome. Rewarded lavishly with "three double jackets" for prostituting himself to a monk in a stable. Nusser also acted as a priest, having "sermonized and heard confession."
Hans Propstli1525Decapitated and burned; first execution in Solothurn, blamed the welsch.[110]
Hans Fritschi1530Monastery laborer from Pfungen, decapitated in Schaffhausen. Tried alongside Hans Räs for "unchristian and heretical (sodomitical) acts". They had met while working in Rheinau monastery two years prior. Fritschi asked to be decapitated instead of burned, a mercy the court granted. Fritschi was likely 15 to 25, Räs probably the same or slightly older. Räs also gave Fritschi a new pair of pants for Christmas. Räs, the instigator, may have been fugitive after the trial.
Balthasar Bar1532Drowned in Lucerne, blamed the welsch.
Conrat Mulibach1533Burned in St. Gallen.
Marx Anthon1537Burned in Zurich.
Jorg Sigler1537Burned in Lucerne.
Bonifacius Amerbach1538Burned in Schaffhausen.
Uli Rugger1540Decapitated in Zurich.
Hans Blatter1540Burned in Zurich.
Jacob Muller1545Decapitated and burned in Zurich.
Unknown1550Young French man, hanged in Geneva.
Jean Fontaine1554 or 1555Executed in Geneva, was involved with Branlard (see 1561).
Unknown1556French man, hanged in Geneva.
Five unknowns1560Three Turkish galley slaves and two French Catholics from a captured Savoy fort, burned together by Genevan forces. The slaves first admitted to the act, and implicated the Catholics when questioned.
Guillaume Brancard/Branlard1561Drowned in Geneva.[111] His partner, Ramel, was given a reduced sentence due to his age. Branlard had never had a relationship with a woman per court records.
Thoni Ruttiman1561Hanged in Zurich.
Pierre Jobert1562French, had a long-standing relationship; both drowned in Geneva.[112]
Thibaud Lespligny
Unknown1566Italian student, age 22, drowned in Geneva.
Bartholomé Tecia10 June 1566Piedmontese student, age 15, drowned in Geneva.[113]
Rudolf Bachmann1567Decapitated and burned in Zurich.
Uli Frei
Unknown1568French man, drowned in Geneva.
Francoise-Jeanne Morel1568Itinerant plague worker accused of molesting a woman she was sharing a bed with, Morel had admitted to fornication with a male 5 years earlier. She initially used this to deny the charge but later retracted this, and subsequently admitted her guilt under torture, and admitted to having relations with both men and women (she had never taken money for sex). She was subsequently drowned.[114]
Wilhelm von Muhlhausen1579Burned in Zurich.
Unknown28 May 1586Burned between Lenzburg and Aarau.[115]
Two unknowns1590French soldier, age 25, and his valet (also French), age 18; both burned in Geneva.
Three unknowns1590Turkish galley slaves, burned in Geneva.
Jean ChaffreyFebruary 1590Two Europeans (Chaffrey, age 20, from Dauphine; Chappuis, age 15, Genevan) and 3 Muslim converts to Calvinism (Mohamet, age 35, from Martara; Assan, age 20, from Turkey; and Arnaud, age 34, from Rumania) executed following trial for group homosexuality in Geneva. A 3rd European was acquitted.
Etienne Chappuis
Tatare Mohamet
Assan
Ali Arnaud
Franciscus de Rouiere1596Burned in Sankt Gallen.
Pierre Dufour13 November 1600Genevan citizen and his partner, a local peasant. Brelat, a cowherd, openly boasted about their relationship due to Dufour's high social standing, but Brelat claimed Dufour was guilty of buggery (but not a bugger itself) after a violent fistfight. Both were subsequently drowned.[116]
Pierre Brelat
Jephat Scheurmann1609Possibly executed in Lucerne; claimed to have been "seduced" as a young man "in foreign countries" by an apprentice from Fribourg.
Pierre Canal2 February 1610[117] Official burned in Geneva. Arrested for treason and homicide, confessed under torture.
Three unknowns16103 partners of Pierre Canal, including a gatekeeper, all drowned.
Jean de la Rue1617Age 80, arrested for making a pass in an inn. Openly admitted to having had relations with many people in Geneva and elsewhere "for pleasure, for grain, and for poverty". Burned after this single interrogation.
Unknown1621Catholic Savoyard, age 50, burned in Geneva.
Melchior Brütschli1629Executed in Lucerne.
Unknown1634Neapolitan, burned in Geneva; his partner, his French valet, banished.
Two unknowns1647Italians, executed (one hanged and the other burned) in Geneva.

United Kingdom

See also: History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom. The details of the accusation are often not given in contemporary sources, with euphemisms such as "unnatural offence" used. However, such terms were also used to describe bestiality, non-consensual acts, and crimes against minors. Due to this, sources discussing and listing capital offences for homosexuality, including the table below, may inadvertently include men executed for such offences.

Name Date Notes
Peter Chambers5 October 1609Catholic seminarian who converted to Protestantism, hanged in Exeter. He was convicted of sodomy with one of his choirboys at the Exeter assizes; he lived in Exeter Cathedral "to teach the singing boys" under Matthew Sutcliffe's sponsorship. Chambers protested at his execution that in Italy he was able to suppress his urges as a Catholic, but quickly relapsed in Protestantism.[118] [119]
Mervyn Tuchet16312nd Earl of Castlehaven, executed for sodomy with his male servants and procuring the rape of his wife.
William Plaine1646Founder of Guilford, Connecticut, executed in New Haven. Plaine, despite being married, had committed sodomy with "two persons in England" and had "corrupted a great part of the youth of Guilford" (reason for execution unknown).[120] [121]
Francis Dilly4 February 1679Non-white sailor on the Jersey, executed as chief ringleader of a 4-man sodomite group at Port Royal. Other three members spared as they were white, "white men being scarce among us."[122] [123]
UnknownSeptember 1684Young man, hanged in Portsmouth; name not recorded.
James Hunt 25 August 1743 Hunt was a barge builder aged 37 and Collins was 57, a former weaver and soldier. They were accused of sodomy together in a toilet at Pepper Alley in Southwark, near London Bridge, which they each denied though their accounts differed. Their trial was at Surrey assizes 4 August and they were hanged at Kennington Common.[124] [125]
Thomas Collins
Richard Arnold15 September 1753Arnold was around 60 and the landlord of the Lamb and Flag and Critchard was a footman aged around 20. They were convicted 31 August 1753 of felony and buggery for an act witnessed in the Swan Inn, Broad Street, Bristol. They were hanged together at St. Michael's Hill; they declined to implicate anyone else and Arnold was reported to have kissed Critchard's hand before the cart was pulled from under them.[126] [127] [128] [129]
William Critchard[130]
Joseph Wright 15 August 1755 Trial at Coventry assizes.[131] Hanged on Whitley Common. Wright admitted that he had been guilty of sodomy, but never with Grimes, while Grimes said that he had never committed any such offence. Wright was also found guilty of killing Mr. Warner of Winhall.[132]
Thomas Grimes
Richard Whatley[133] 23 March 1776 Trial at Hampshire assizes 5 March. Whatley, aged 41 and also known as Richard Churchill, was convicted of sodomy against Benjamin Dupre, a coachman employed by Lovell Stanhope. He admitted that he had attempted the offence (which took place at Avington), but had not actually committed it.[134]
Benjamin Loveday 12 October 1781 Trial at Bristol assizes.[135] Hanged on St Michael's Hill. Loveday worked as a waiter before keeping a public house on Tower Street, Bristol while Burke was a midshipman, and they were accused of sexual activity together that they denied. Loveday was also accused by James Morgan. Joseph Giles and James Lane were also accused with Loveday, but were only sentenced for misdemeanours, and William Ward was acquitted. Loveday may have been running a molly house.[136] [137]
John Burke
John Lad or Ladd[138] (one source says Thomas) 10 April 1786 A Methodist preacher, he was tried at Surrey assizes on 22 March and taken from New Gaol to be hanged on Peckham Common.
Thomas Crispin[139] [140] 17 August 1787 Trial at Devon assizes 30 July. Hanged at Heavitree gallows near Exeter. Crispin, aged 45, was a potter from Pilton who had been living in a workhouse for seven years. His co-accused Hugh Gribble was reprieved owing to mental incapacity. Crispin acknowledged his guilt but showed no remorse.
John Southwell 3 April 1790 Trial at Suffolk assizes in Bury 17 March. Hanged at Rushmere Heath.[141] [142]
John Smith
Henry Allen1797Captain of the sloop Rattler, hanged for sodomy on the ships' yardarm "despite his rank and excellent social connections."[143] [144]
William Powell 30 August 1797 Powell was a pauper at Melford workhouse. His trial was at Suffolk assizes on 9 August. He was hanged at Bury St Edmunds at the age of 70, but he did not confess.[145] [146]
Joseph Bird[147] 26 August 1803 Trial at Warwickshire assizes, executed in Warwick. Bird was a Methodist, convicted on the testimony of John Privett. Privett withdrew his statement, only to then say this was because Bird's son bribed him.
Mathuselah Spalding aka Methuselah.[148] [149] [150] 8 February 1804 His trial was at the Old Bailey in November, where he was convicted of having "a venereal affair" with James Hankinson. He was hanged at Newgate. He was hanged with a forger, Ann Hurle - they were led out of Debtor's Door and rather than the New Drop they were hanged by a cart being driven from under them.
David Robertson[151] [152] [153] 13 August 1806 Trial at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate after attempting suicide. Robertson was 48 years old and said to keep a brothel at Charles Street, Covent Garden. He was convicted of an offence with 17-year-old George Foulston.
James Stockton aka Samuel Stockton[154] [155] [156] [157] [158] 13 September 1806 Known as the Remarkable Trials, twenty seven men aged 17 to 84 from in and around Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool were arrested in May 1806 for sodomy and nine were tried by John Borron and Richard Gwillym at the Lancaster assizes. Harry Cocks notes that the arrests came amid concerns post-1789 about Jacobins and other men meeting in private. Men of different social classes, they met among other places on Mondays and Fridays at Hitchin's house in Great Sankey, Cheshire, and were said by the press to be Freemasons and call each other "brother". Holland was a rich pawnbroker and there were rumours that members of the gentry were involved with the group, even members of Parliament. Those hanged were convicted on the testimonies of John Knight and Thomas Taylor, members of the group who gave evidence to avoid being hanged themselves. Rix also testified that sodomy was widespread and considered normal in Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool, describing casual encounters in the street, but the magistrate refused a deal, while Hitchin denied the charges. Stockton, Holland and Powell were hanged at Lancaster castle on 13 September, and Hitchin and Rix later that month after they were further interrogated to find other conspirators. Joshua Newsom and George Ellis were found guilty of lesser offences and the rest were acquitted. The magistrates attempted to investigate further, but were stopped by the Home Office.
Joseph Holland
John Powell
Isaac Hitchin 27 September 1806 Part of the "Remarkable Trials"
Thomas Rix
William Billey[159] [160] 31 March 1808 Aged 45, he was accused of an offence against Thomas Douglas of Crayford and for attempted offences against others. His trial was at Kent Lent Assizes in Maidstone, and he was hanged on Penenden Heath. He had no family and the Kentish Gazette said he "appeared a perfect idiot".
Richard Neighbour[161] [162] 24 November 1808 Neighbour of Gresse Street, Rathbone Place, aged 26, was convicted of a crime against the body of Joshua Archer, aged 17 or 18, an apprentice to an engraver. Attempts were made to bribe Archer to leave the country. Neighbour was sentenced to hang at the Old Bailey in October 1808, but he poisoned himself with arsenic at Newgate the next month, less than a week before his execution was due.
James Bartlett[163] 4 April 1809 Trial at Surrey Assizes, executed at Horsemonger Lane Gaol. He was buried at Limehouse and left £1,500 to his daughter.
Samuel Mounser[164] 31 August 1810 Trial at the Chelmsford Summer Assizes, from Stanford-le-Hope
Thomas White 7 March 1811

See main article: Vere Street Coterie. Ensign John Newball Hepburn, in his forties, and Drummer Thomas White, 16, tried at the Old Bailey and hanged in front of Newgate Prison, London[165] [166]

John Hepburn
David Thompson Myers[167] [168] [169] 4 May 1812 Myers was a draper of Stamford, accused by Thomas Crow (or Crowe), an 18-year-old apprentice to a tailor, Mr. Horden of Stamford. Myers was acquitted in Lincolnshire due to Crow being suspected of lying, but he was then convicted at trial at Peterborough accused again by Crow of offences at Burghley Park. Myers was hanged at Fengate, Peterborough, the last man to be publicly executed in the city.
George Godfrey[170] [171] 1 April 1813 Godfrey was a butler in the house of Mr. Atkinson at Lee, who was indicted for "unnatural offences" with a footman, Henry Greenhurst, from May to December 1812. The latter was "unconscious of the heinous character of the offence" and told another servant, who informed Mr. Atkinson. Godfrey was hanged at Penenden Heath.
Henry Youens[172] [173] 18 August 1814 Trial at the Kent Assizes in Maidstone, hanged at Penenden Heath. Ottaway, 33, and Youens, 21, were soldiers.
John Ottaway (spelled variously Ottoway, Otooway, Ottway, and Otway)
Abraham Adams[174] [175] [176] 26 July 1815 Trial at the Old Bailey, hanged aged 51 at Newgate alongside Elizabeth Fenning
John Charles1 February 1816Sailors on the HMS Africaine under captain Edward Rodney, hanged at Portsmouth at 11 AM. Two other men, John Parsons and Joseph Hubbard, were whipped, with Hubbard receiving less lashes than Parsons due to medical concerns. Many reports of sodomy surfaced onboard the ship during its four-year tour of the East Indies, with Westerman being named as a participant from the start. For the first incident, Westerman was demoted from captain's servant boy to ordinary crewman, with further demotion for a later incident. More incidents surfaced until the ship returned to England in 1815, and an investigation was ordered by the Royal Navy. The initial 23 suspects identified in December 1815 was reduced to just four (Westerman, Joseph Tall, Seraco, and Treake). The origins of the sodomy amongst the crew was determined to be Seraco and Treake, both Italians. Seraco was condemned with Charles (a prisoner), Treake was initially pardoned with Joseph Tall but re-condemned with Westerman.[177] [178] [179] [180]
Raphael Seraco
Raphael Treake
John Westerman
George Siggins[181] 21 August 1817 Trial at Kent Assizes in Maidstone for a crime in Chatham, executed on Penenden Heath
Joseph Charlton[182] [183] [184] 14 April 1819 A watchmaker aged 26 who was tried at the Guildhall, Newcastle and hanged at Morpeth. His funeral was attended by 2000 people.
John Markham[185] [186] [187] 29 December 1819 A pauper aged 26 who was an inmate at St. Giles's workhouse, his hanging was heard by John Cam Hobhouse, who was being held at Newgate. Hobhouse noted in his diary, "Tis dreadful hanging a man for this practice".
Thomas Foster[188] [189] [190] 3 May 1820 Trial at Kent Assizes and hanged at Penenden Heath. Convicted of an offence with John Whyneard (charged as an accomplice, but not hanged) at the Isle of Sheppey.
John Holland[191] [192] 25 November 1822 Aged 42 and 32 respectively, tried at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate.
William King
William Arden[193] [194] [195] [196] 21 March 1823 Respectively a gentleman and half-pay officer aged 35, a valet to the Duke of Newcastle aged 36, and a cabinet maker aged 35, they were tried at Lincoln Assizes by Mr. Justice Park and convicted on the evidence of a 19-year-old apprentice draper named Henry Hackett. A love letter from Hackett to Candler had been addressed to the Duke to save on postage: the Duke received and read the letter and had Hackett confronted, upon which he also implicated Doughty and Arden, who had associated with each other in Grantham in summer 1822. They were part of a group of up to 36 men led by Arden, who went on hunger strike in jail. The convicted men were hanged at Lincoln Castle.
Benjamin Candler
John Doughty
Charles Clutton[197] [198] 13 August 1824 Aged 25, he was charged in June 1824 with Charles Paul, aged 17, for an offence at Weedon Bec barracks in May 1823 - they were both privates in the 53rd regiment. He was sentenced by Mr. Justice Holroyd and hanged at the New Drop, Northamptonshire
Joseph Bennett[199] 20 April 1825 Aged about 30 and from Witney and aged 22 and from Radstock, respectively, they were hanged at Ilchester Gaol in Somerset
George Maggs
Captain Henry Nicholl (also reported as Nichol and Nicholls)12 August 1833A 50-year-old veteran of the Peninsular War, Nicholl was hanged at Horsemonger Lane Gaol in Southwark, London. He was renounced by his prominent family, and his body was handed over to a hospital for dissection as they refused to accept it for burial.[200] [201]
George Cropper[202] [203] 26 December 1833 A 26-year-old soldier, he was convicted of an offence at Deptford with a fellow soldier, Charles Pike, who was aged 18, but Pike was acquitted. Cropper was hanged at New Sessions House in Maidstone, the same day as a rapist.
John Spershott (also reported as John Sparshott and John Sparsholt)[204] [205] [206] 22 August 1835 A labourer aged 19, he was convicted of an offence with George Howard (who was not charged) at Mid Lavant and hanged at Horsham, Surrey, alongside a burglar. "Spershott's hanging was perhaps the last occasion at which was performed the folk ritual of the hangman passing the dead man's hands over the neck and bosoms of young women as a cure for glandular enlargements."
27 November 1835 The last two men to be hanged for homosexuality in England
John Pratt
[207]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Crompton, Louis . Salvatore J. Licata . Robert P. Petersen . Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality . 1981 . Haworth Press . 9780917724275 .
  2. Book: Dynes, Wayne R.. Encyclopedia of Homosexuality: Volume I. 2016-03-22. Routledge. 978-1-317-36815-1. en.
  3. Book: Duke, A. C. . Dissident Identities in the Early Modern Low Countries . 2009 . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. . 978-0-7546-5679-1 . en.
  4. Book: Arnold, Catharine . The Sexual History of London: From Roman Londinium to the Swinging City---Lust, Vice, and Desire Across the Ages . 2011-12-06 . St. Martin's Publishing Group . 978-1-4299-9006-6 . en.
  5. Book: Kibler . William W. . Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia . Zinn . Grover A. . 2017-07-05 . Routledge . 978-1-351-66565-0 . en.
  6. Book: Puff, Helmut . Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600 . University of Chicago Press . 2003 . 978-0-226-68505-2 . en.
  7. Book: Sabaté, Flocel . The Death Penalty in Late-Medieval Catalonia: Evidence and Significations . 2019-09-03 . Routledge . 978-0-429-58174-8 . en.
  8. Book: The Malleus Maleficarum . 2013-01-18 . Manchester University Press . 978-1-84779-805-3 . en.
  9. Book: Monstrelet, Enguerrand de . Chroniques d'Enguerrand de Monstrelet . 1826 . Verdière . fr.
  10. Book: Jousse, Daniel . Traité de la justice criminelle de France: où l'on examine tout ce qui concerne les crimes et les peines en général et en particulier, les juges établis pour décider les affaires criminelles, les parties publiques et privées, les accusés, les ministres de la justice criminelle, les experts, les témoins, et les autres personnes nécessaires pour l'instruction des procès-criminels, et aussi tout ce qui regarde la manière de procéder dans la poursuite des crimes . 1771 . chez Debure Père, libraire, quai des Augustins, à l'image de S. Paul . fr.
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  14. Jacob, Roger "Dominique Phinot", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 1, 2006), (subscription access)
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  129. Web site: 2016-06-22. Map. 2020-07-05. OutStories Bristol. en-GB.
  130. Also reported as William Critichett (alternative spelling given by Bristol Gaol delivery fiats), William Pritchard (newspaper reports, 1752) and William Crutchard (newspaper reports, 1753)
  131. Web site: Coventry 1735-1799 . Capital Punishment UK . June 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090502100123/http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/coventry.html . May 2, 2009.
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  135. Web site: Bristol 1735-1799 . Capital Punishment UK . June 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150602090539/http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/bristol.html . June 2, 2015.
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  137. News: Not so long ago in Bristol you could be hanged for love. Steve. Mills. 12 July 2018. The Bristol Cable.
  138. Web site: Rictor . Norton . Newspaper Reports, 1786 . Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook . June 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150115030258/http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1786news.htm . January 15, 2015.
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