| Francisco Louçã | |
| Office1: | Member of the Council of State |
| Term Start1: | 12 January 2016 |
| Term End1: | 29 April 2022 |
| President1: | Aníbal Cavaco Silva Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa |
| Appointer1: | Assembly of the Republic |
| Office2: | Coordinator of the Left Bloc |
| Term Start2: | 24 March 1999 |
| Term End2: | 10 November 2011 |
| Predecessor2: | Position established |
| Successor2: | Catarina Martins João Semedo |
| Birth Name: | Francisco Anacleto Louçã |
| Birth Date: | 12 November 1956 |
| Birth Place: | Lisbon, Portugal |
| Party: | Left Bloc (1999–present) |
| Otherparty: | Internationalist Communist League (1973–1978) Revolutionary Socialist Party (1978–1999) |
| Children: | 1 |
| Alma Mater: | Technical University of Lisbon |
| Profession: | Economist, professor |
| Relatives: | Vítor Gaspar (cousin) |
| Term Start3: | 25 October 1999 |
| Term End3: | 25 October 2012 |
| Constituency3: | Lisbon |
Francisco Anacleto Louçã (pronounced as /pt/; born 12 November 1956) is a Portuguese economist and politician.[1]
He is the second son of António Seixas Louçã, a Portuguese Navy Officer, and his wife Noémia da Rocha Neves Anacleto, lawyer, granddaughter of António Neves Anacleto, from Silves, brother of Isabel Maria, António, João Carlos and Jorge Manuel, and cousin of Vítor Gaspar, former Minister of Finances at the right winged Pedro Passos Coelho's government.[2] [3] [4]
Louçã was an active opponent of the pre-democracy regime. He was arrested for a protest against the colonial war in 1972, before the fall of the dictatorship, which lasted in Portugal for about forty years and finished with the Carnation Revolution, (25 April 1974). In 1999, after pursuing his academic career, he helped found the left-wing party Left Bloc (Portuguese: Bloco de Esquerda).
He is a Full Professor of Economics in Lisbon's Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (Direct Translation - "Higher Institute of Economics and Management", officially in English - "Lisbon School of Economics and Management"), which belongs to the University of Lisbon (formerly Technical University of Lisbon) and was a member of the Portuguese Parliament from 1999 to 2012.
He is the author of several books and scientific articles on the history of economic thought, the dynamics of complex adaptive systems and the nature of long-term techno-economic change, including "Turbulence in Economics" (Elgar, 1997), "As Time Goes By" (with Christopher Freeman, Oxford University Press, 2011 and 2002, translated into Portuguese, Chinese), "The Years of High Econometrics" (Routledge, 2007) and a number of papers in scientific journals in economics, mathematical physics, history of economic ideas, mathematical modeling of financial markets, history of biology. His scientific books are translated into eleven languages. In 1999 he was awarded the prize for the best scientific paper of the year, "History of Economics Association".[5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Candidate in the Portuguese 2006 presidential elections, Louçã received 288,224 votes (5.31%).
Francisco Louçã is one of the five personalities elected by the Assembly of the Republic to the Council of State on 18 December 2015, and he took office on 12 January 2016, serving until 2022. He is also the first (and so far only) member of Left Bloc to accede to this body.
See main article: 1991 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |Aníbal Cavaco Silva || 2,902,351 || 50.6 || 135 || style="color:red;"| –13|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |Jorge Sampaio || 1,670,758 || 29.1 || 72 || style="color:green;"| +12|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Álvaro Cunhal || 504,583 || 8.8 || 17 || style="color:red;"| –14|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS| align=left |Diogo Freitas do Amaral || 254,317 || 4.4 || 5 || style="color:green;"| +1|-| style="background:#000080;"|| align="left"| PSN| align=left |Manuel Sérgio || 96,096 || 1.6 || 1 || new|-| style="background:red;"|| align="left"| PSR| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 64,159 || 1.1 || 0 || ±0|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 132,495 || 2.3 || 0 || style="color:red;"| –7|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 110,672 || 1.9 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,735,431 || 67.78 || 230 || style="color:red;"| –20|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[10] |}
|-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! align="center" style="width: 50px"| Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:magenta;"|| align="left"|PS/CDU/UDP| align=left | João Soares || 165,072 || 51.9 || 10 || style="color:red;"| –1|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD/CDS–PP| align=left |Ferreira do Amaral || 124,866 || 39.3 || 7 || style="color:green;"| +1|-| style="background:darkred;"|| align="left"| PSR/PXXI| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 8,315 || 2.6 || 0 || new|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| PCTP/MRPP| align=left |– || 6,070 || 1.9 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 13,799 || 4.3 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 318,102 || 48.29 || 17 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Autárquicas 1997[11] [12] |}
See main article: 1999 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |António Guterres || 2,385,922 || 44.1 || 115 || style="color:green;"| +3|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |José Manuel Durão Barroso || 1,750,158 || 32.3 || 81 || style="color:red;"| –7|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Carlos Carvalhas || 487,058 || 9.0 || 17 || style="color:green;"| +2|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS–PP| align=left |Paulo Portas || 451,643 || 8.3 || 15 || ±0|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| BE| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 132,333 || 2.4 || 2 || new|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 99,842 || 1.8 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 108,194 || 2.0 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,415,102 || 61.02 || 230 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[13] |}
See main article: 2002 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |José Manuel Durão Barroso || 2,200,765 || 40.2 || 105 || style="color:green;"| +24|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues || 2,068,584 || 37.8 || 96 || style="color:red;"| –19|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS–PP| align=left |Paulo Portas || 477,350 || 8.7 || 14 || style="color:red;"| –1|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Carlos Carvalhas || 379,870 || 6.9 || 12 || style="color:red;"| –5|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| BE| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 153,877 || 2.8 || 3 || style="color:green;"| +1|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 88,542 || 1.6 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 107,774 || 2.0 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,473,655 || 61.48 || 230 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[14] |}
See main article: 2005 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |José Sócrates || 2,588,312 || 45.0 || 121 || style="color:green;"| +25|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |Pedro Santana Lopes || 1,653,425 || 28.8 || 75 || style="color:red;"| –30|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Jerónimo de Sousa || 433,369 || 7.5 || 14 || style="color:green;"| +2|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS–PP| align=left |Paulo Portas || 416,415 || 7.3 || 12 || style="color:red;"| –2|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| BE| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 364,971 || 6.4 || 8 || style="color:green;"| +5|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 122,127 || 2.1 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 169,052 || 2.9 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,747,834 || 64.26 || 230 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[15] |}
See main article: 2006 Portuguese presidential election. |-! colspan="2" |Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Aníbal Cavaco Silva || 2,773,431 || 50.5|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Manuel Alegre || 1,138,297 || 20.7|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Mário Soares || 785,355 || 14.3|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Jerónimo de Sousa || 474,083 || 8.6|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 292,198 || 5.3|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Garcia Pereira || 23,983 || 0.4|-| colspan="2" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 102,785 || – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="2" align="left"| Turnout| 5,590,132 || 61.53|-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[16] |}
See main article: 2009 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |José Sócrates || 2,077,238 || 36.6 || 97 || style="color:red;"| –24|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |Manuela Ferreira Leite || 1,653,665 || 29.1 || 81 || style="color:green;"| +6|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS–PP| align=left |Paulo Portas || 592,778 || 10.4 || 21 || style="color:green;"| +9|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| BE| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 557,306 || 9.8 || 16 || style="color:green;"| +8|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Jerónimo de Sousa || 446,279 || 7.9 || 15 || style="color:green;"| +1|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 178,012 || 3.1 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 175,980 || 3.1 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,681,258 || 59.68 || 230 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições|}
See main article: 2011 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |Pedro Passos Coelho || 2,159,181 || 38.7 || 108 || style="color:green;"| +27|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |José Sócrates || 1,566,347 || 28.0 || 74 || style="color:red;"| –23|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS–PP| align=left |Paulo Portas || 653,888 || 11.7 || 24 || style="color:green;"| +3|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Jerónimo de Sousa || 441,147 || 7.9 || 16 || style="color:green;"| +1|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| BE| align=left |Francisco Louçã || 288,923 || 5.2 || 8 || style="color:red;"| –8|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| PCTP/MRPP| align=left |Garcia Pereira || 62,610 || 1.1 || 0 || ±0|-| style="background:teal;"|| align="left"| PAN| align=left |Paulo Borges || 57,995 || 1.0 || 0 || new|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 126,521 || 2.3 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 228,017 || 4.1 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,585,054 || 58.03 || 230 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[17] |}