Francis V. Chisari Explained

Francis "Frank" Vincent Chisari (born 5 April 1942 in New York City)[1] is a physician, experimental pathologist, and viral immunologist, known for his research on virus-host interactions and disease pathogenesis during hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections.[2]

Education and career

Chisari graduated in 1963 with a bachelor's degree in biology magna cum laude from Fordham University and in 1968 with an M.D. from Weill Cornell Medical College. He was an intern in Internal Medicine at New York Hospital in 1968-1969, a fellow in anatomic pathology at the Mayo Clinic in 1069-1970, a staff associate in immunopathology at the NIH's Laboratory of Pathology in 1970-1972 . In 1973 he completed his residency in internal medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. At Scripps Research he was a postdoctoral research fellow from 1973-1975, then an assistant professor from 1975 to 1981, an associate professor from 1981 to 1988 during which he spent a sabbatical from 1983 to 1984 as a Fogarty Scholar in molecular biology at the Institut Pasteur[3] and a full professor from 1988 until retiring as professor emeritus in 2015. During his tenure at Scripps he served as Associate Director and then Director of the NIH-funded General Clinical Research Center from 1984 to 2004 while also heading the Division of Experimental Pathology from 1988 to 2008 and the Laboratory of Experimental Virology from 2008 to 2015 funded entirely by NIH grants. He is now a consultant for a variety of nascent biotechnology companies and a scientific advisor for Vir Biotechnology.[4]

Chisari studies the immunological basis for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during persistent viral infections, especially HBV and HCV, the signaling pathways and effector molecules that mediate these antiviral effects, and the viral evasion strategies that subvert them. He is best known for demonstrating that chronic immune-mediated injury and inflammation can cause liver cancer and for discovering that antiviral T cells can purge viruses from infected cells noncytolytically by secreting antiviral cytokines that inhibit viral replication, thus controlling the infection while preserving the vital functions of the infected tissue.

Chisari's laboratory developed cell-based models and animal models of HBV and HCV infection and performed foundational studies elucidating the T-cell response to these viruses in infected humans, subhuman primates, and transgenic mice. His group discovered that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) secrete antiviral cytokiness that inhibit viral replication in the liver cell without killing the cell, thus controlling the infection while preserving the life-saving function of the liver, and establishing new paradigm in viral pathogenesis and immunobiology. His research informed novel immunotherapeutic approaches for the understanding, prevention and treatment of chronic HBV infection.[5]

Chisari's laboratory also demonstrated that HCV RNA can be transmitted via exosomes from infected hepatocytes to uninfected hepatocytes while masked from detection by anti-HCV antibodies, identifying a unique mechanism for viral spread by escaping recognition by the immune response while in transit. They also demonstrated that exosomes released by infected cells can deliver HCV RNA to plasmacytoid dendritic cells, thereby triggering an innate host response that was subsequently shown to prevent viral spread to susceptible hepatocytes, establishing a new paradigm in hepatitis C virus biology.

Chisari has served on the editorial boards of numerous scientific journals. He holds many patents on the use of viral peptide epitopes for the treatment or prevention of hepatitis-B or hepatitis-C virus infections.[6] In recognitions of his contributions, Chisari has received numerous honors and awards (listed below).

Awards and honors

Selected publications

References

  1. biographical information from American Men and Women of Science, Thomson Gale 2004.
  2. Web site: Francis V. Chisari. National Academy of Sciences (nasonline.org).
  3. Web site: Frank Chisari, MD . Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research.
  4. Web site: Francis V. Chisari, M.D.. Vir Biotechnology (vir.bio).
  5. Web site: Rous-Whipple Award – 1999, Francis V. Chisari. American Society for Investigative Pathology.
  6. Web site: Patents by Inventor Francis V. Chisari. Justia Patents (patents.justia.com).
  7. Web site: Historic Fellows Listing. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  8. Chisari. Francis V.. Viruses, Immunity, and Cancer: Lessons from Hepatitis B. The American Journal of Pathology. 156. 4. 2000. 1117–1132. 0002-9440. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64980-2. 10751335. 1876872.
  9. Web site: Distinguished Achievement Award Recipients. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (aasld.org).
  10. Web site: Chisari, Francis V., Member Directory. National Academy of Medicine.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Francis V. Chisari".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.