Francia Márquez Explained

Honorific-Prefix:Her Excellency
Francia Márquez
Office:13th Vice President of Colombia
President:Gustavo Petro
Term Start:7 August 2022
Predecessor:Marta Lucía Ramírez
Office2:Minister of Equality and Equity
President2:Gustavo Petro
Term Start2:1 June 2023
Predecessor2:Office established
Birth Name:Francia Elena Márquez Mina
Birth Date:1 December 1981
Birth Place:Suarez, Cauca, Colombia
Partner:Yerney Pinillo (since 2020)[1]
Party:Soy Porque Somos
(since 2021)[2]
Otherparty:Historic Pact for Colombia
(since 2021)
Children:2
Education:National Learning Service
Profession:Lawyer
Nationality:Colombian

Francia Elena Márquez Mina (born 1 December 1981)[3] is a Colombian human-rights and environmental activist and lawyer, who is the 13th and current Vice President of Colombia. She was born in Yolombó, a village in the Suarez municipality in Cauca Department. She first became an activist at 13, when construction of a dam threatened her community. On taking office, she became the first Afro-Colombian vice president in the country's history. She is also the second woman to hold the post, after Marta Lucía Ramírez.[4] In August 2020, Márquez announced her candidacy in the 2022 Colombian presidential election and sought the nomination for the Historic Pact for Colombia coalition. She was later chosen by the coalition's nominee, Gustavo Petro, to be his running mate. In 2023 she was also appointed as Minister for Equality and Equity.[5]

In 2018, she was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for her work to stop illegal gold mining in her community of La Toma and for her community organising. Márquez led a protest march of 80 women who trekked 560 kilometres (350 miles) to the capital city of Bogotá, and demanded the removal of all illegal miners from their community.[6] [7] [8] In 2019, the BBC listed Francia Márquez on their 100 Women list for that year.[9]

Personal life

Francia Elena Márquez Mina was born on 1 December 1981, in the town of Yolombó, belonging to the municipality of Suárez, Cauca.[10]

She is the daughter of a miner father and farmer mother. Márquez described her childhood as "marked by spending time at my maternal grandparents' house, another time with my mother, and the rest with my paternal grandparents."[11] [12]

Márquez is an agricultural technician and graduated from the National Learning Service. Later in 2020 she would obtain a law degree from the Santiago de Cali University.[13]

Activism

Ovejas river defence

From 1994 when she turned 13, Márquez began participating in the fight against mining exploitation and the protection of the Ovejas River, which was a large and important source of water for her community.[14] [15]

Companies such as Unión Fenosa planned to divert the river towards the Salvajina hydroelectric dam. Her community managed to prevent the project.[16]

Other companies, such as AngloGold Ashanti, which sought to extract gold in the region, threatening the cleanup of the river, began to invest in the community by building roads and donating school supplies. Márquez recalls that while some appreciated the company's generosity, others were distrustful, stating that.

"others among us thought that 'nothing comes for free, they must have an ulterior motive.' And there was already talk of a mining project, so we listened to our elders and said 'no' to AngloGold. The company responded by delivering leaflets to residents' homes, threatening eviction.[16] [17]

Opposition to illegal mining

During the presidencies of Álvaro Uribe and Juan Manuel Santos, there was an increase in the invitation of international mining companies to extract natural resources in Colombia.

In 2009, Márquez helped lead protests against attempts by the government to evict Afro-Colombians, especially artisanal miners, from ancestral land near the town of La Toma. The ministry of the Interior had granted companies such as AngloGold the right to mine for gold in the area without consulting residents. Márquez, along with members of the community council of La Toma, filed a lawsuit challenging the decision. During this time, several members of the committee received death threats. Paramilitary groups subsequently targeted the community, killing several artisanal miners on the river banks. Márquez prevailed when the constitutional court ruled in her community's favour.[18]

In 2013, Márquez became a legal representative in La Toma. She also took part in the permanent assembly in Cauca, which advocated for the National Land Agency to protect territory.The following year, Márquez's community faced environmental damage from illegal miners drilling boreholes near the Ovejas river, poisoned due to mercury use. Márquez again sought legal action and worked with other community members to combat environmental damage caused by illegal miners. However, in October 2014, Márquez was forced to flee to Cali with her children after receiving threats from paramilitary groups.[19]

March to Bogotá

Facing increased threats from illegal mining, Márquez organised a 350-kilometre long march from Cauca to Bogotá in 2014. The March, which consisted of 80 Afro-Colombian women, saw an increase in attention to illegal mining in Cauca, as well as the social and environmental destruction the community and suffering the illegal mining had caused. The party arrived in Bogotá ten days later and began to protest, demanding an end to the illegal mining.

After protesting for 22 days, Márquez, along with other representatives of La Toma, reached an agreement with the Colombian government. Government officials decided to take action against illegal mining and established a task force in 2015 to deal with the issue, a first in Colombian history. The Colombian security forces then began to remove and disassemble illegal mining machinery, and by the conclusion of 2016, all illegal mining apparatuses were no longer present in La Toma. Márquez's efforts and later successes earned her praise internationally and helped inspire other communities in the region to combat illegal mining. As a result of her efforts, Márquez was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 2018.[6] [9]

Colombian peace process

See also: Colombian peace process. In December 2014, Márquez travelled to Havana, Cuba, to participate in the peace negotiations between the administration of president Juan Manuel Santos and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.[20] Whilst there, Márquez highlighted how the conflict had disproportionately affected Afro-Colombians and particularly black women. She also emphasised that ethnic minority groups needed to take part in the peace dialogue to ensure the preservation of lasting peace and stability.[21]

In June 2020, Márquez was elected to the National Peace and Co-existence council, established in May 2017, to monitor compliance with the peace agreement.[22] She served as the council's president in 2021.[23]

2022 vice presidential campaign

Francia Márquez announced her candidacy for the 2022 presidential election in April 2021, during the National Feminist Convention. The Estamos Listas[24] movement and fellow primary candidate Angelá María Robledo offered their support for Marquez's campaign.

In her campaign, she has advocated for women, Afro-Colombians and indigenous communities; who have been largely excluded from Colombian politics.[25]

In December 2021, after her campaign could not collect the necessary signatures to be an independent candidate, the Alternative Democratic Pole party endorsed Márquez's campaign.[26]

In the March 2022 primary elections for the Historic Pact nomination, Márquez reached a historical result of 783,160 votes. This result placed her in second place after Gustavo Petro – with the second-highest vote total out of all the primary candidates.[27]

On 23 March 2022, she accepted the nomination for vice president on the ticket for the Historic Pact, joining Gustavo Petro.[28] Márquez subsequently promised that if elected, she would move the vice president's office from Bogotá to Medellín. Petro announced that if victorious, Márquez's role as vice president would include bolstering equality for ethnic groups and regions facing exclusion.[29] Petro pledged to establish the ministry of equality, which Márquez would lead.[30]

In early May 2022, Márquez accused the United States and the U.S. ambassador to Colombia, Philip Goldberg, of attempting to interfere with the elections. Goldberg responded by expressing concern about "the possible intervention of other countries". Márquez's claim arose after Goldberg alleged that Venezuela and Russia would try to interfere in the elections. She further expressed, "Although he (Goldberg) did not mention the Historical Pact or Gustavo Petro, it is obvious that he was referring to our candidacy and our political bet." Despite this, Márquez assured that if victorious, a potential Petro administration would not cut ties with the United States.[31]

During the campaign, Márquez and Gustavo Petro faced numerous death threats. In one instance, while campaigning, Márquez was targeted by laser beams from a nearby building, prompting security guards to shield her from what appeared to be an assassination attempt. In response to this and many other similar situations, 90 elected officials and prominent individuals from over 20 countries signed an open letter expressing concern and condemnation of attempts of political violence against Márquez and Petro. The letter also highlighted the assassination of over 50 social leaders, trade unionists, environmentalists and other community representatives in 2022. Signatories of the letter included former Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa and American linguist and philosopher Noam Chomsky.[32] [33]

On election day, which occurred on 29 May, Márquez's Historic Pact ticket placed first, advancing to the runoff, since no candidate received over 50% of the vote. Márquez and Petro faced Rodolfo Hernández and Marelen Castillo.[34] [35] Shortly after the first round, Márquez and Petro received the endorsement of Luis Gilberto Murillo for the second round. Murillo had been the Vice-Presidential running mate of Sergio Fajardo in the Hope Center Coalition, which did not qualify for the runoff.[36] [37] Márquez and Petro went on to defeat Hernández and Castillo in the second round held on 19 June.[38] Upon her electoral triumph, Márquez proclaimed that the Petro administration would not "expropriate anyone". She said the most significant challenge she faced whilst on the campaign trail was racist attacks. Márquez's inauguration as vice president occurred on 7 August 2022.[39] On the other hand, due to the approval needed by Congress to establish the ministry of equality, Márquez may not assume the leadership of the proposed department until mid-way through her term as vice president.[40]

Minister of Equality and Equity (2023-present)

In July 2023 Márquez took over as Minister of Equality and Equity. Ministry that had been announced during the 2022 Presidential campaign. On 8 May 2024, the Constitutional Court abolished the Law by which the portfolio was created,[41] establishing that this would disappear in 2026.[42] [43]

Vice Presidency (2022–present)

See also: Presidency of Gustavo Petro. Márquez was sworn in as vice president on 7 August 2022.[44] She is also designated to take office as Minister for Women and Equality in the Cabinet of Gustavo Petro.[45]

In January 2023, Márquez attended the UN Security Council, during her speech, to hold a session of the United Nations Security Council in Colombia, in order to support peace from the territories, later I quote in verbatim words.[46] [47]

"Our central commitment is to guarantee the life of the entire Colombian population, take care of those who have assumed the defense of human rights as their main cause, protect the communities that are in the middle of the crossfire".[48]

She escaped another assassination attempt in January 2023. An explosive charge, found in time by the police in charge of her security, had been hidden on the road leading to her home.[49]

Márquez was the target of great criticism, from her position as an activist and defender of Afro rights, as well as for the living conditions that her status as vice president entails, she has also been the target of racist attacks.[50]

In February 2023, she was criticized for her place of residence, as she preferred to live in a private residence, instead of choosing, as usual in the vice presidents of Colombia since 1999, the vice presidential house, official residence for the vice president of Colombia, In contrast, she received harsh criticism from her detractors for using a helicopter as official means of transportation. A few days later, Márquez responded days later that the president had suggested that she use a helicopter as a means of transportation, because she was very concerned about her safety and that of her family, after she reported that she had been the target of several attacks, from which she had hopefully escaped unharmed.[51] [52]

In May 2023, Márquez announced the start of her tour of Africa as the vice president, in search of connections between Colombia and the African continent.[53]

Among the countries she visited during her tour are South Africa, Kenya and Ethiopia.[54]

On 13 May 2023 Márquez met Cyril Ramaphosa and Paul Mashatile, President and Deputy President of South Africa, whom she invited to be guarantors of the peace processes with the ELN insurgent group,[55] [56] which hours later would be ratified by the government of South Africa,[57] through President Ramphosa, also emphasized the importance of bilateral visa agreements between Colombia and South Africa.[58]

Later on 17 May 2023, she met with the Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Demeke Mekonnen, who celebrated Colombia's decision to reopen its embassy in Ethiopia after fifty years. and then on 18 May, she held a meeting with President Sahle-Work Zewde who greeted her with the emotional phrase "Welcome to your roots."[59] [60]

On Saturday 1 July 2023 Márquez became the 20th member of Gustavo Petro's cabinet, assuming the office of Minister of Equality and Equity.[61] [62]

On Monday, 28 August 2023, Márquez received the Canadian Minister of International Development, Ahmed Hussen, at the Vice Presidential House,[63] who ratified the Canadian government's support for gender equality projects.[64] [65]

Later on Tuesday, 29 August 2023, she attended her first appearance as Minister of Equality. During her first appearance before Congress, Francia Márquez attended a debate on the programs and resources that would be implemented from the National Government to attend to the social programs.[66]

During her intervention in the Seventh Commission of the Senate, she defended the "Youth in Peace" program,[67] used by the Gustavo Petro administration, with the purpose of dismantling the country's criminal organizations.[68]

On Monday, 4 September, Márquez traveled to Kenya for the second time, to participate in the African Climate Summit.[69]

On 6–7 September 2023, Márquez visited Ghana in order to strengthen relations within the framework of the Africa 2022-2026 strategy. Márquez assured that this is the first time in the 30 years of diplomatic relations with Ghana,[70] that a meeting has taken place with leaders from Ghana and Colombia.[71]

Later on Monday, 11 September, Márquez received an official visit from the Deputy President of Kenya, Rigathi Gachagua, who would later participate in the World Forum of Coffee Producers and Roasters.[72] [73]

On Tuesday, 3 October 2023, Márquez traveled to Popayán, Cauca, where she presided over an event called "the government listens" at the Coliseo Covered, of the University of Cauca, where she, and the governor of Cauca Elías Larrahondo Carabalí, received boos from many supporters who alleged incoherence on the part of the government.[74] [75]

On Wednesday, 29 November 2023, Márquez held a meeting with the Duchess of Edinburgh,[76] at the Center for Memory, Peace and Reconciliation with women victims of the conflict to learn more about their reality and needs.[77]

On 14 December 2023, Márquez held a 40-minute meeting with Pope Francis and later stated through his social networks that Pope Francis sends Colombia a message of love and joy and hope to share with the family in these Christmas. Of course, the Holy Father invites us to continue working tirelessly to achieve peace, social justice and dignity for all Colombians.[78] [79]

On Tuesday, 19 February 2024, Márquez held a meeting with the Mayor of Cali, Alejandro Eder and the governor of Valle del Cauca, Dilian Francisca Toro, who during the meeting highlighted the importance of strengthening the shelters that are for when a woman is raped and has the risk of femicide. The vice president expressed her concern about the recent events perpetrated in various areas of the department and provided a balance of the cities that have reported femicides in Valle del Cauca[80]

On Wednesday, 1 May 2024, Márquez participated in the day of marches for pension reform within the framework of the celebrations of International Workers' Day.[81] [82] Where from a platform accompanied by the Minister of the Environment, Susana Muhamad and the General Director of DPN, Alexander López Maya, she made a speech in which she referred to the people, and in which she mentioned the former vice president Francisco Santos, who had expressed that the presence of indigenous peoples in the marches was nothing more than a product of the financing of the Petro administration to which Márquez responded: "To Mr. former Vice President Francisco Santos, the indigenous people are not rented," after he had made a publication in his X account where he said that the indigenous people were rented for the marches.[83] [84] [85]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Yerney, el mensajero que enamoró a Francia Márquez y llega a la Casa de Nariño. 13 May 2023. 31 May 2022. las2orillas.co. 26 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230526104712/https://www.las2orillas.co/yerney-el-domiciliario-que-enamoro-a-francia-marquez/. live.
  2. Web site: Carolina Rodríguez Mayo . 'Soy porque somos': La filosofía Ubuntu detrás de la apuesta política de Francia Márquez . 23 March 2022 . Volcánicas . 29 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220317010825/https://volcanicas.com/soy-porque-somosla-filosofia-ubuntu-detras-de-la-apuesta-politica-francia-marquez/ . 17 March 2022 . live. es.
  3. News: 5 June 2018. D'or et de sang, le combat de Francia Marquez pour les terres des Afro-Colombiens. Le Temps. Anne. Proenza. fr. 15 December 2019. 14 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210514074915/https://www.letemps.ch/sciences/dor-sang-combat-francia-marquez-terres-afrocolombiens. live.
  4. News: Turkewitz . Julie . 2022-06-19 . Francia Márquez — a former housekeeper and activist — is Colombia's first Black vice president. . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-06-19 . 0362-4331 . 4 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134301/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/19/world/americas/francia-marquez-vice-president-colombia.html . live .
  5. Web site: The National Government has instituted a bill to establish the Ministry of Equality and Equity. 20 October 2022. 10 October 2022. Ministry of the Interior. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222143/https://www.mininterior.gov.co/micrositios/english-site/the-national-government-has-instituted-a-bill-to-establish-the-ministry-of-equality-and-equity/. live.
  6. News: Francia Márquez - Goldman Environmental Foundation. Goldman Environmental Foundation. 2018-05-21. en-US. 22 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211122120412/https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/francia-marquez/. live.
  7. News: This Woman Who Saved Her Afro-Colombian Community's Land From Miners Won Prestigious Prize. 2018-04-24. Remezcla. 2018-05-21. en-US. 14 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210514074916/https://remezcla.com/culture/francia-marquez-afro-colombian-community-goldman-environmental-prize/. live.
  8. News: Death threats won't stop Colombian anti-mining activist. Moloney. Anastasia. 27 April 2018. reuters.com. 2018-05-21. en-us. 18 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211218154925/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-environment-rights/death-threats-wont-stop-colombian-anti-mining-activist-idUSKBN1HY2O2. live.
  9. News: 2019-10-16 . BBC 100 Women 2019: Who is on the list this year? . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-03-11 . 22 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230322102002/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-50042279 . live .
  10. Web site: Soy porque somos . Francia Márquez Mina . 27 March 2022 . es . 8 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108050655/https://www.franciamarquezmina.com/quienes-somos/ . live .
  11. News: Hasta los espantos se fueron . 27 March 2022 . Semana Rural . 1 November 2019 . es . 16 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220316155559/https://semanarural.com/web/articulo/francia-marquez-en-su-columna-hasta-los-espantos-se-fueron-habla-de-su-infancia/1219 . dead .
  12. Web site: ¿Quién es Francia Márquez de 'Soy porque somos'? . Revista Diners . 27 March 2022 . 15 January 2022 . es . 8 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221108051106/https://revistadiners.com.co/tendencias/73317_quien-es-francia-marquez-de-soy-porque-somos-pacto-historico-colombia/ . live .
  13. News: Francia Márquez, la mujer que puso en jaque a la minería ilegal y a las represas en Colombia y acaba de ganar el premio Goldman . 27 March 2022 . BBC Mundo . 25 April 2018 . es . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117175814/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-43879742 . live .
  14. Web site: In the Field: Visiting Community Leader Francia Márquez in Colombia . Goldman Environmental Prize . 2018-08-15 . 2024-05-14.
  15. Web site: Climate Hero: Francia Márquez . One Earth . 2022-06-19 . 2024-05-14.
  16. Web site: Hugo Mario Cárdenas . La Toma: not just a name, but an omen . Tierra de Resistentes . 23 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326000222/https://tierraderesistentes.com/en/2020/03/25/la-toma-mas-que-un-nombre-un-presagio/ . 26 March 2022 . 25 March 2020 . live.
  17. News: Francia Márquez: de desplazada a 'Nobel de medioambiente' . 23 May 2022 . El Tiempo . 25 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180426080207/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/cali/quien-es-francia-marquez-la-mujer-que-gano-el-nobel-de-medioambiente-209858 . 26 April 2018 . Cali . live. es.
  18. News: Natalia Preito . Francia Márquez: historia de un milagro social . 23 May 2022 . Las2Orillas . 10 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220331074843/https://www.las2orillas.co/la-pelea-contra-la-gigante-ashanti-gold-que-crecio-a-francia-marquez/ . 31 March 2022 . live. es.
  19. News: Tras acuerdo con gobierno nacional, líderes afro son amenazados en Cauca . 23 May 2022 . Verdad Abierta . 30 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164730/https://verdadabierta.com/tras-acuerdo-con-gobierno-nacional-lideres-afro-son-amenazados-en-cauca/ . 23 April 2021 . live. es.
  20. News: In Havana they are not listening to us: Francia Márquez, Afro-descendant leader of Cauca . Yefferson Ospina . 26 May 2022 . El País . 31 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171002030056/https://www.elpais.com.co/judicial/en-la-habana-no-nos-estan-escuchando-francia-marquez-lider-afrodescendiente-del-cauca.html . 2 October 2017 . live. es.
  21. News: 'El conflicto armado también es consecuencia del racismo estructural': Francia Márquez . 26 May 2022 . Periferia . 8 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220105024526/https://periferiaprensa.com/index.php/component/k2/item/2070-el-conflicto-armado-tambien-es-consecuencia-del-racismo-estructural-francia-marquez . 5 January 2022 . live. es.
  22. Web site: Elegido nuevo comité del Consejo Nacional de Paz . Government of Colombia . 26 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220526034923/http://www.altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co/prensa/elegido-nuevo-comite-del-consejo-nacional-de-paz . 26 May 2022 . es . 5 June 2020 . live.
  23. Web site: Biografia . franciamarquezmina.com . 26 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220324091257/https://www.franciamarquezmina.com/biografia/ . 24 March 2022 . es . live.
  24. Web site: Gutiérrez . Juliana Gil . 2022-01-22 . Estamos Listas se suma a la candidatura de Francia Márquez . 2022-03-16 . www.elcolombiano.com . es-ES . 16 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416171450/https://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/politica/estamos-listas-apoya-a-francia-marquez-en-consulta-del-pacto-historico-DD16408946 . live .
  25. Web site: Martínez . Cruz Bonlarron . 2022-02-15 . Francia Márquez Is the Afro-Colombian Activist Who Wants To Change Colombia by Running for President . 2022-03-12 . we are Mitú. 100% American & Latino . 22 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220422200246/https://wearemitu.com/fierce/afro-colombian-activist/ . live .
  26. Web site: Contreras . Alejandra Cetina . 2021-12-16 . Polo Democrático anuncia apoyo a la candidatura presidencial de Francia Márquez . 2022-03-16 . Caracol Radio . es . 5 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220205013240/https://caracol.com.co/radio/2021/12/16/politica/1639613664_007258.html . live .
  27. Web site: Oquendo . Catalina . 2022-03-15 . Francia Márquez, the Colombian electoral phenomenon . 2022-03-16 . EL PAÍS English Edition . en-US . 16 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220316022614/https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-03-15/francia-marquez-the-colombian-electoral-phenomenon.html . live .
  28. Web site: Es oficial: Francia Márquez será la fórmula vicepresidencial de Gustavo Petro. It's official: Francia Márquez will be Gustavo Petro's vice-presidential formula. 25 March 2022. 23 March 2022. elespectador.com. es. 23 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323152518/https://www.elespectador.com/politica/elecciones-colombia-2022/es-oficial-francia-marquez-sera-la-formula-vicepresidencial-de-gustavo-petro/. live.
  29. News: Medina . Oscar . Petro Names Afro-Colombian Environmentalist as Running Mate . 26 March 2022 . Yahoo Finance . 24 March 2022 . 14 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414064016/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/petro-names-afro-colombian-environmental-162905783.html . live .
  30. News: Francia Márquez sería también ministra de la Igualdad en eventual gobierno de Petro . 29 June 2022 . RCTV . https://web.archive.org/web/20220629004927/https://www.rtvcnoticias.com/francia-marquez-seria-tambien-ministra-igualdad . 29 June 2022 . live. es.
  31. News: Francia Marquez accuses U.S. of intervention in Colombian elections . Bogotá . 20 May 2022 . Radio Havana . 14 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220516032845/https://www.radiohc.cu/en/noticias/internacionales/287835-francia-marquez-accuses-us-of-intervention-in-colombian-elections. 16 May 2022. live.
  32. News: Sara Sirota . International Political Actors Condemn Mounting Violence in Colombia's Presidential Election . 24 May 2022 . The Intercept . 24 May 2022 . 3 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220603003601/https://theintercept.com/2022/05/23/colombia-presidential-election-violence/ . live .
  33. Web site: César . 2023-01-11 . Gobierno colombiano investiga atentado fallido contra Francia Márquez . Colombian government investigates failed attack against Francia Márquez . 2023-01-16 . Tercera Información . es . 16 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230116130827/https://www.tercerainformacion.es/articulo/internacional/11/01/2023/gobierno-colombiano-investiga-atentado-fallido-contra-francia-marquez/ . live .
  34. Astrid Suárez . Regina García . Leftist Petro and Right-Wing Hernández Headed for Colombia Election Run Off . 31 May 2022 . . 30 May 2022 . 31 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531021321/https://time.com/6182616/colombia-election-president-runoff/ . live .
  35. News: Juan Diego Quesada . Gustavo Petro's final battle to become president of Colombia . 31 May 2022 . El País . 30 May 2022 . Bogotá . 18 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220618210706/https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-05-30/gustavo-petros-final-battle-to-become-president-of-colombia.html . live .
  36. News: Lo que dijo Luis Gilberto Murillo sobre por qué decidió unirse a la campaña de Gustavo Petro . 3 June 2022 . El País . 31 May 2022 . es . 3 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220603085144/https://www.elpais.com.co/politica/lo-que-dijo-luis-gilberto-murillo-sobre-por-que-decidio-unirse-a-la-campana-de-gustavo-petro.html . live .
  37. Web site: Presidential elections 2022 . Registraduria . 3 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531110807/https://resultados.registraduria.gov.co/presidente/0/colombia . 31 May 2022 . es.
  38. News: Nelson Bocanegra . Oliver Griffin . Carlos Vargas . Colombia elects former guerrilla Petro as first leftist president . 19 June 2022 . Reuters . 20 June 2022 . 20 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220620074307/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombians-head-polls-tightest-election-recent-memory-2022-06-19/ . live .
  39. News: "No vamos a expropiar a nadie", dijo Francia Márquez en su primer día como vicepresidenta electa . 21 June 2022 . Semana . 20 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220621041907/https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/no-vamos-a-expropiar-a-nadie-dijo-francia-marquez-en-su-primer-dia-como-vicepresidenta-electa/202226/ . 21 June 2022 . live. es.
  40. News: Elisa Castrillón Palace . Juan Manuel Flórez Arias . Ante la demora de su propio ministerio, Francia busca una cuota en el Minciencia. 12 July 2022 . La Silla Vacía . 11 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220711092015/https://www.lasillavacia.com/historias/silla-nacional/ante-la-demora-de-su-ministerio-propio-francia-busca-una-cuota-en-el-minciencia/ . 11 July 2022. live. es.
  41. Web site: Tumban ley que creó el Ministerio de la Igualdad, pero el fallo no es inmediato. 13 May 2024. 8 May 2024. Revista Cambio. https://web.archive.org/web/20220711092015/https://cambiocolombia.com/poder/tumban-ley-que-creo-el-ministerio-de-la-igualdad-pero-el-fallo-no-es-inmediatol. 11 July 2022. live.
  42. News: La Corte Constitucional anula la creación del Ministerio de la Igualdad. 13 May 2024. 8 May 2024. Lewin. Juan Esteban. Hernández Bonilla. Juan Miguel. El País. https://web.archive.org/web/20220711092015/https://elpais.com/america-colombia/2024-05-09/la-corte-constitucional-anula-la-creacion-del-ministerio-de-la-igualdad.html. 11 July 2022. live.
  43. Web site: Corte Constitucional tumba ley que creó el MinIgualdad, pero le tira salvavidas. 13 May 2024. 8 May 2024. El Espectador. https://web.archive.org/web/20220711092015/https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/corte-constitucional-tumba-decreto-que-creo-el-ministerio-de-la-igualdad-de-francia-marquez-pero-le-tira-salvavidas/. 11 July 2022. live.
  44. News: Velasco . Hector . Gustavo Petro sworn in as Colombia's first leftist president . 7 August 2022 . AFP . 7 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807220051/https://news.yahoo.com/gustavo-petro-sworn-colombias-first-211833610.html . 7 August 2022. live.
  45. News: Francia Márquez: Vice President and Minister of Equality - LatinAmerican Post. 18 May 2023. 18 May 2023. Gómez Hernández. Santiago. latinamericanpost.com. en-gb. 18 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518042819/https://latinamericanpost.com/42503-francia-mrquez-vice-president-and-minister-of-equality. live.
  46. Web site: Francia Márquez estará en el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU en Nueva York. Francia Márquez will be at the UN Security Council in New York. 24 March 2023. 10 January 2023. lafm.com. 25 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230325004428/https://www.lafm.com.co/politica/francia-marquez-estara-en-el-consejo-de-seguridad-de-la-onu-en-nueva-york. live.
  47. Web site: ¿Por qué Francia Márquez asiste a Consejo de Seguridad en Alemania?. Why does Francia Márquez attend the Security Council in Germany?. 24 March 2023. 17 February 2023. kienyke.com. 25 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230325004428/https://www.kienyke.com/politica/francia-marquez-viaja-consejo-de-seguridad-en-alemania. live.
  48. Web site: Francia Márquez pidió al Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU sesionar desde Colombia. Francia Márquez asked the UN Security Council to meet from Colombia. March 24, 2023. January 13, 2023. elcolombiano.com. 25 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230325004428/https://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/francia-marquez-pidio-al-consejo-de-seguridad-de-la-onu-secionar-desde-colombia-CB19814226. live.
  49. Web site: Colombia: una denuncia de espionaje y un intento de atentado marcan el inicio de un 2023 caliente. Colombia: a complaint of espionage and an attempted attack mark the beginning of a hot 2023. 16 January 2023. 14 January 2023. Pagina12. 18 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230118013835/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/515774-colombia-una-denuncia-de-espionaje-y-un-intento-de-atentado-. live.
  50. Web site: Desactivan atentado con explosivos contra la vicepresidenta de Colombia, Francia Márquez. They defuse the attack with explosives against the vice president of Colombia, Francia Márquez. 3 January 2023. 1 January 2023. dw.com. 19 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230119002912/https://www.dw.com/es/desactivan-atentado-con-explosivos-contra-la-vicepresidenta-de-colombia-francia-m%C3%A1rquez/a-64345832. live.
  51. Web site: Esta es la lujosa vivienda de Francia Márquez en Dapa, sector de ricos cerca de Cali a donde llega en helicóptero; recibe críticas. This is the luxurious home of Francia Márquez in Dapa, a wealthy area near Cali where she arrives by helicopter; gets criticism. 24 March 2023. 22 February 2023. semana.com. 25 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230325002644/https://www.semana.com/politica/articulo/esta-es-la-lujosa-vivienda-de-francia-marquez-en-dapa-el-sector-de-los-ricos-de-cali-a-donde-llega-en-helicoptero-en-redes-hay-tormenta-de-criticas/202313/. live.
  52. Web site: La Vicepresidenta Francia Márquez vive ahora en Dapa y llega a su casa en helicóptero: así es el sector que genera polémica. Vice President Francia Márquez now lives in Dapa and arrives home by helicopter: this is the sector that generates controversy. 24 March 2023. 22 February 2023. elpais.com. 25 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230325002650/https://www.elpais.com.co/politica/la-vicepresidenta-francia-marquez-vive-ahora-en-dapa-y-llega-a-su-casa-en-helicoptero-asi-es-el-sector-que-genera-polemica.html. live.
  53. News: Francia Márquez llegó a África: así va el polémico viaje de la vicepresidenta. Francia Márquez arrived in Africa: this is how the controversial trip of the vice president goes. 13 May 2023. 11 May 2023. Chacón. Paola. infobae.com. 13 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230513201108/https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2023/05/11/francia-marquez-llego-a-africa-asi-va-el-polemico-viaje-de-la-vicepresidenta/. live.
  54. News: ‘Decir que no hay nada que hacer en África es una visión equivocada y sesgada’: Márquez. 'Saying that there is nothing to do in Africa is a wrong and biased view': Márquez. 13 May 2023. 10 May 2023. Castillo. Camilo A.. eltiempo.com. 13 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230513201108/https://www.eltiempo.com/politica/gobierno/francia-marquez-en-africa-la-vicepresidenta-explico-motivos-del-viaje-766993. live.
  55. Web site: Francia Márquez pide a Sudáfrica que apoye el diálogo de paz con el Eln. Francia Márquez asks South Africa to support the peace dialogue with the ELN. 13 May 2023. 12 May 2023. elheraldo.com. 13 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230513202726/https://www.elheraldo.co/colombia/vicepresidenta-francia-marquez-solicita-sudafrica-ser-garante-del-dialogo-de-paz-con-el-eln?utm_source=ELHERALDO&utm_medium=articulo&utm_campaign=recirculacion&utm_term=relacionadobody. live.
  56. Web site: Francia Márquez pide a Sudáfrica que apoye el diálogo de paz con el ELN. Francia Márquez asks South Africa to support the peace dialogue with the ELN. 13 May 2023. 13 May 2023. forbes.co. 13 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230513202717/https://forbes.co/2023/05/12/actualidad/francia-marquez-pide-a-sudafrica-que-apoye-el-dialogo-de-paz-con-el-eln. live.
  57. Web site: Sudáfrica acepta ser garante del proceso de paz con el Eln. South Africa agrees to be the guarantor of the peace process with the ELN. 13 May 2023. 13 May 2023. elheraldo.com. 13 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230513202715/https://www.elheraldo.co/colombia/dialogo-con-eln-sudafrica-acepta-ser-garante-en-el-proceso-de-paz-1000529. live.
  58. Web site: Fortalecer las relaciones bilaterales, acuerdo Colombia - Sudáfrica. Strengthen bilateral relations, Colombia - South Africa agreement. 13 May 2023. 12 May 2023. portafolio.co. 13 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230513202715/https://www.portafolio.co/economia/gobierno/francia-marquez-vicepresidenta-acuerda-fortalecer-relaciones-bilaterales-con-sudafrica-582731. live.
  59. Web site: Francia Márquez trató con la presidenta de Etiopía el impulso de la cooperación bilateral. 6 October 2023. 18 May 2023. swissinfo.ch. 29 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231129012343/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/%C3%A1frica-colombia_francia-m%C3%A1rquez-trat%C3%B3-con-la-presidenta-de-etiop%C3%ADa-el-impulso-de-la-cooperaci%C3%B3n-bilateral/48522600. live.
  60. Web site: Francia Márquez aterriza en Etiopía: Colombia reabrirá embajada en ese país. Tras el arribo de la vicepresidenta, Colombia y Etiopía firmaron un acuerdo para promover el español como lengua extranjera en esa nación. 19 May 2023. 17 May 2023. elespectador.com. 18 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518024540/https://www.elespectador.com/politica/francia-marquez-aterriza-en-etiopia-colombia-reabrira-embajada-en-ese-pais/. live.
  61. Web site: Francia Márquez asumió como la primera ministra de Igualdad en el país. Francia Márquez took office as the first Minister of Equality in the country. 17 July 2023. 1 July 2023. noticias.caracoltv.com. 17 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230717225523/https://noticias.caracoltv.com/politica/francia-marquez-asumio-como-la-primera-ministra-de-igualdad-en-el-pais-rg10. live.
  62. News: Es oficial: la vicepresidenta Francia Márquez es la nueva ministra de la Igualdad. It's official: Vice President Francia Márquez is the new Minister of Equality. 17 July 2023. 30 June 2023. Uribe. María Alejandra. Pérez. Omar. wradio.com. 17 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230717225524/https://www.wradio.com.co/2023/06/30/es-oficial-la-vicepresidenta-francia-marquez-es-la-nueva-ministra-de-la-igualdad/. live.
  63. Web site: Francia Márquez acordó apoyo de Canadá para proyectos de igualdad de género. 29 August 2023. 28 August 2023. elespectador.com. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222143/https://www.elespectador.com/politica/francia-marquez-acordo-apoyo-y-presupuesto-de-canada-para-proyectos-de-igualdad/. live.
  64. Web site: La millonada que invirtió Canadá para igualdad de género en Colombia. 29 August 2023. 28 August 2023. kienyke.com. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222146/https://www.kienyke.com/politica/la-millonada-que-invirtio-canada-para-igualdad-de-genero-en-colombia. live.
  65. Web site: En qué consiste el millonario proyecto de Francia Márquez y Canadá sobre igualdad de género. 29 August 2023. 28 August 2023. cambiocolombia.com. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222145/https://cambiocolombia.com/pais/en-que-consiste-el-millonario-proyecto-de-francia-marquez-y-canada-sobre-igualdad-de-genero. live.
  66. Web site: Francia Márquez advirtió que recursos de minigualdad "no son suficientes". 29 August 2023. 29 August 2023. elespectador.com. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222146/https://www.elespectador.com/politica/francia-marquez-indico-que-los-recursos-asignados-por-gobierno-petro-al-ministerio-de-la-igualdad-no-son-suficientes/. live.
  67. News: Francia Márquez defendió programa ‘Jóvenes en Paz’: no es para pagarle a criminales. 29 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Jerez. Daniel. rcnradio.com. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222144/https://www.rcnradio.com/politica/francia-marquez-defendio-programa-jovenes-en-paz-no-es-para-pagarle-a-criminales. live.
  68. News: Francia Márquez afirmó que los recursos del Ministerio de la Igualdad "no son suficientes" y aclaró en qué se gastan el dinero. 29 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Rodríguez. Sergio. infobae.com. 29 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829222143/https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2023/08/29/francia-marquez-afirmo-que-los-recursos-del-ministerio-de-la-igualdad-no-son-suficientes-y-aclaro-en-que-se-gastan-el-dinero/. live.
  69. News: Vicepresidenta Francia Márquez ya está en África: ¿qué hará en esta segunda visita?. Esta mañana se compartieron las primeras imágenes de la Vicepresidenta en Nairobi, Kenia.. 6 September 2023. 4 September 2023. Penagos Ramírez. Juan Pablo. eltiempo.com. 5 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230905104840/https://www.eltiempo.com/politica/gobierno/francia-marquez-llego-a-kenia-para-cumbre-africana-del-clima-802503#:~:text=M.&text=Pablo%20Penagos%20Ramirez-,04%20de%20septiembre%202023%2C%2003%3A12%20P.,M.&text=La%20vicepresidenta%20Francia%20M%C3%A1rquez%20arrib%C3%B3,lo%20que%20va%20del%20a%C3%B1o.. live.
  70. Web site: Vicepresidenta Francia Márquez vuelve a África: esta vez visitará Ghana y Kenia. Por segunda vez este año, la vicepresidenta y ahora ministra de Igualdad visitará el continente africano con el objetivo, según ella, de fortalecer las relaciones diplomáticas de ambos países. Su viaje durará siete días.. 7 October 2023. 30 August 2023. elespectador.com. 25 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230925112350/https://www.elespectador.com/politica/francia-marquez-vuelve-al-africa-esta-vez-visitara-ghana-y-kenia-es-su-segunda-visita-este-ano-noticias-hoy/. live.
  71. News: Vicepresidenta Francia Márquez llegó a Ghana, África: esto es lo que hará en ese país. La vicepresidenta aseguró que es "la primera visita de más alto nivel en 30 años de relaciones".. 8 September 2023. 6 September 2023. Saavedra Álvarez. Aura María. eltiempo.com. 7 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230907135401/https://www.eltiempo.com/politica/gobierno/vicepresidenta-francia-marquez-llego-a-ghana-africa-esto-es-lo-que-hara-en-ese-pais-803317#:~:text=Mar%C3%ADa%20Saavedra%20%C3%81lvarez-,06%20de%20septiembre%202023%2C%2003%3A55%20P.,M.&text=La%20vicepresidenta%20Francia%20M%C3%A1rquez%20contin%C3%BAa,en%20Nairobi%20que%20ya%20finaliz%C3%B3.. live.
  72. Web site: Vicepresidente de Kenia, Rigathi Gachagua, ya está en Colombia. Tendrá una agenda de tres días en el territorio nacional que busca afianzar las relaciones. Su visita se da luego del viaje de Francia Márquez a su país.. 7 October 2023. 11 September 2023. radionacional.co. 18 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918014031/https://www.radionacional.co/actualidad/politica/visita-vicepresidente-de-kenia-en-colombia-2023-agenda-y-reuniones#:~:text=Su%20visita%20se%20da%20luego,Francia%20M%C3%A1rquez%20a%20su%20pa%C3%ADs.&text=Lleg%C3%B3%20a%20Colombia%20el%20vicepresidente,de%20Relaciones%20Exteriores%2C%20Francisco%20Coy.. live.
  73. News: El vicepresidente de Kenia, Rigathi Gachagua, está de visita oficial en el país y asistirá al Foro de Tostadores de Café. También asistirá a eventos de comercio en los tres días que permanecerá en Colombia, para luego viajar a Cuba a la reunión del G77. 7 October 2023. 12 September 2023. Rodríguez. José David. infobae.com. 13 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230913225730/https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2023/09/12/el-vicepresidente-de-kenia-rigathi-gachagua-esta-de-visita-oficial-en-el-pais-y-asistira-al-foro-de-tostadores-de-cafe/. live.
  74. Web site: Entre abucheos, chiflidos y gritos: así fue la presencia Francia Márquez en un evento del gobierno en Popayán. Los funcionarios no fueron bien recibidos por la comunidad de Popayán, donde el presidente Gustavo Petro presentó la nueva política de drogas de este Gobierno.. 6 October 2023. 3 October 2023. elcolombiano.com. 5 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005102610/https://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/entre-abucheos-chiflidos-y-aplausos-fue-llegada-de-francia-marqueza-evento-gobierno-popayan-FA22559084. live.
  75. News: ¿Por qué abuchearon a la vicepresidenta Francia Márquez en Cauca?. La vicepresidenta fue silbada en medio del encuentro ‘El Gobierno Escucha’, en Popayán. 6 October 2023. 3 October 2023. Castillo. Camilo A.. eltiempo.com. 5 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061840/https://www.eltiempo.com/politica/gobierno/por-que-abuchearon-a-la-vicepresidenta-francia-marquez-en-cauca-812382. live.
  76. Web site: Vicepresidenta Francia Márquez se reunió con Duquesa Sophie de Edimburgo, en el marco de su primera visita a Sudamérica. 2 December 2023. 29 November 2023. fmm.vicepresidencia.gov.co. 5 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061840/https://fmm.vicepresidencia.gov.co/prensa/Paginas/Vicepresidenta-Francia-Marquez-se-reunio-con-Duquesa-Sophie-de-Edimburgo-en-el-marco-de-su-primera-visita-a-Sudamerica.aspx. live.
  77. Web site: [Fotos] Hubo reunión entre La duquesa de Edimburgo y la vicepresidenta Francia Márquez]. 2 December 2023. 29 November 2023. telemedellin.tv. 5 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061840/https://telemedellin.tv/duquesa-de-edimburgo-francia-marquez/684089/. live.
  78. News: El papa Francisco y Francia Márquez se reúnen en el Vaticano para hablar de la paz en Colombia. La vicepresidenta y la cabeza de la Iglesia católica abordan la justicia social, la reconciliación, el cambio climático e intercambian regalos a menos de dos semanas de Navidad. 16 December 2023. 14 December 2023. Ownby. Jules. elpais.com. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://elpais.com/america-colombia/2023-12-14/el-papa-francisco-y-francia-marquez-se-reunen-en-el-vaticano-para-hablar-de-la-paz-en-colombia.html. live.
  79. News: Vice President of Colombia visits Pope Francis. The Vice President of Colombia, Francia Marquez, visited Pope Francis this Thursday, December 14 at the Vatican.. 16 December 2023. 14 December 2023. Freixes. Josep. colombiaone.com. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://www.colombiaone.com/2023/12/14/vice-president-colombia-pope-francis/. live.
  80. Web site: "Vamos hacer todos los esfuerzos para detener la violencia contra de las mujeres": Francia Márquez. 20 February 2024. 19 February 2024. blueradio.com. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://www.bluradio.com/regiones/pacifico/vamos-hacer-todos-los-esfuerzos-para-detener-la-violencia-contra-de-las-mujeres-francia-marquez-rg10. live.
  81. News: Francia Márquez participó de las marchas desde Cali y envió contundente mensaje: “Vamos firmes con las reformas”. 4 May 2024. 1 May 2024. Nomesqui Rivera. Jimmy. infobae. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2024/05/01/francia-marquez-participo-de-las-marchas-desde-cali-y-envio-contundente-mensaje-vamos-firmes-con-las-reformas/. live.
  82. Web site: Francia Márquez estuvo en Cali participando de la marcha del 1 de mayo por el Día del Trabajo. 4 May 2024. 1 May 2024. El País. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://www.elpais.com.co/cali/cali-francia-marquez-participa-de-la-marcha-de-este-1-de-mayo-por-el-dia-del-trabajo-0103.html. live.
  83. Web site: “Deje de ser miserable”: Francia Márquez le lanzó duro dardo a Francisco Santos. 4 May 2024. 2 May 2024. El Espectador. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://www.elespectador.com/politica/francia-marquez-le-dice-a-francisco-santos-miserable-por-irrespeto-a-indigenas-en-colombia-noticias-hoy/. live.
  84. Web site: «Difícil pensar que un señor que ve a los seres humanos como mercancía, fue vicepresidente»: Francia Márquez. 4 May 2024. 1 May 2024. RTVC Noticias. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://www.rtvcnoticias.com/francia-marquez-respuesta-pacho-santos-indigenas. live.
  85. Web site: "Se alquilan indígenas para marchas": el comentario de Pacho Santos por el que Francia Márquez lo tildó de esclavista. 4 May 2024. 30 April 2024. Cambio. 21 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231221200933/https://cambiocolombia.com/pais/se-alquilan-indigenas-para-marchas-el-comentario-de-pacho-santos-por-el-que-francia-marquez-lo. live.

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