| Francesco III Gonzaga | |
| Succession: | Duke of Mantua (as Francesco III) Duke of Montferrat (as Francesco I) |
| Reign: | June 28 1540 – 21 February 1550 |
| Predecessor: | Federico II Gonzaga |
| Successor: | Guglielmo I Gonzaga |
| Birth Date: | 10 March 1533 |
| House: | House of Gonzaga |
| Father: | Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua |
| Mother: | Margaret Paleologina |
| Spouse: | Catherine of Austria (m. 1549–50; his death) |
| Birth Place: | Mantua, Duchy of Mantua |
| Death Place: | Mantua, Duchy of Mantua |
Francesco III Gonzaga (10 March 1533 – 22 February 1550) was Duke of Mantua and Marquess of Montferrat from 1540 until his death. He was the eldest son of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and his wife Margaret Paleologina.
On 22 October 1549, he married Catherine of Habsburg, a daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I. The marriage lasted only four months, as Francesco died of pneumonia on 21 February 1550, after falling into one of Mantua's lakes during a hunt. The widowed Catherine returned home to Innsbruck. The Habsburgs claimed that the marriage was not consummated to increase Catherine's chances for a better second marriage.
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