Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts explained

Four Seasons Hotels Limited
Type:	Private
Num Locations:	129 properties in 44 countries
Key People:	Isadore Sharp (Chairman) Alejandro Reynal (CEO)
Industry:	Hospitality
Revenue:	US$4.3 billion (2015)^[1]
Founder:	Isadore Sharp
Owner:	Cascade Investment Kingdom Holding Company Triples Holding
Num Employees:	45,000 (2018)^[2]
Location City:	Toronto, Ontario
Location Country:	Canada

Four Seasons Hotels Limited, trading as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, is a Canadian luxury hotel and resort company^[3] headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.^[4] Four Seasons currently operates more than 100 hotels and resorts worldwide.^[5] Since 2007, Bill Gates (through Cascade Investment) and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal (through Kingdom Holding Company) have been majority owners of the company.^[6] As of January 2022, Cascade Investment owns 71.25% and Kingdom Holding Company owns 23.75% of the hotel and resort company.^[7]

History

Canadian businessman Isadore Sharp founded Four Seasons in 1960. While a young architect working for his father, Sharp designed a motel for a family friend; its success motivated him to try creating his own hotel. He bought a large parcel of land in a run-down area of Toronto and planned a stopover for business travelers; the Four Seasons Motor Hotel opened in 1961 with initial investors, Murray Koffler, Fred Eisen, and Eddie Creed.^[8]

Four Seasons built more hotels, including the 1963 Inn on the Park, a $4 million two-story resort hotel in suburban Toronto that housed Canada's first discothèque.^{[9] [10]}

Upscale luxury became part of the brand when the company expanded to London. When a developer approached Four Seasons about building a hotel in London, Sharp planned it to compete with the city's old-world, elite hotels, such as Claridge's and The Connaught. The Inn on the Park hotel in London opened in 1970.^[5]

The lead consultant was the architecture firm Aedas.^[11]

In 1974, cost overruns at the Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver nearly led the company into bankruptcy. As a result, the company began shifting to its current, management-only business model, eliminating costs associated with buying land and buildings. The company went public in 1986.^[5] In the 1990s, Four Seasons and Ritz-Carlton began direct competition, with Ritz-Carlton emphasizing a uniform look while Four Seasons emphasized local architecture and styles with uniform service; in the end Four Seasons gained market share.^[5]

Built in 1986,^{[12] [13]} Four Seasons Hotel Austin is a nine-story hotel on of land on the Lady Bird Lake's north shore.^[14] In 1997, Four Seasons Hotel Austin became the first hotel to have "a high-speed wireless Internet network" after Wayport, Inc. set it up there for testing wireless Internet networks.^[15] The hotel hosted Queen Elizabeth II in 1991 when she visited Texas.^[16] It was acquired by Anbang Insurance Group from the Blackstone Group for $359.7 million in 2016.^[14]

In 1992, Four Seasons acquired Regent Hotels & Resorts.^[17] Most Regent hotels that were in the pipeline at the time, such as the ones in Bali and Istanbul, were opened as a Four Seasons, while the existing portfolio, such as the Beverly Wilshire, were allowed to temporarily retain the Regent brand until they have achieved the criteria to become a Four Seasons.^[18] Carlson acquired the rights to develop new hotels under the Regent brand in 1998, and by the mid-2000s, most of the older Regent properties have rebranded into Four Seasons, with the notable exception of Regent Singapore. In the wake of Regent's purchase by IHG Hotels & Resorts in 2018, Four Seasons announced that it would cease its management of Regent Singapore, therefore ending the company's 26-year-long association with the name.^[19]

Economic downturns in the early and mid-2000s affected the company. When the September 11 attacks caused the collapse of the travel industry, Four Seasons refused to cut room prices in order to preserve the perceived value of the brand, which caused tension with property owners who were losing money.^[5] The company recovered, and in 2007 it agreed to a buyout by Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $3.8 billion.^[20] The pair own 95 percent of the company, in equal shares, and Sharp owns the rest.^[5]

Challenges returned again during the financial crisis of 2007–2010. The company made the first corporate layoffs in its history, cutting 10% of its Toronto workforce.^[5] In April 2010, after a year-long dispute with Broadreach Capital Partners and Maritz, Wolff & Co., owners of the Aviara resort near San Diego, an arbitration panel ruled that, while both parties contributed to the demise of the business relationship, Four Seasons had not violated its management agreement. The arbitrators ordered Broadreach to pay Four Seasons to terminate the contract."^[21] The resort is no longer a Four Seasons.

Four Seasons has continued to add more hotels and resorts to its portfolio, notably in China. It opened a new hotel in Hangzhou in 2010 and Guangzhou, Beijing, and a second property in Shanghai in 2012. In India, it has two hotels one in Mumbai and other one in Bangalore.^[22] In 2013, it opened its first hotel in Russia in the Lobanov-Rostovsky Palace in St. Petersburg, and later opened a second hotel in Moscow. In Indonesia, it has one hotel in Jakarta and another two in Bali. In October 2012, Four Seasons opened a new 259 room Toronto hotel in Yorkville, designed by internationally known design firm Yabu Pushelberg. The hotel includes an upscale restaurant led by celebrity chef Daniel Boulud. It was hailed by The Globe and Mail as "the renewal of an iconic Canadian brand in its hometown".^[23] The penthouse was bought by entrepreneur Robert Österlund (founder of Xacti, LLC and Inbox.com) for a Canadian record price of over $28 million.^[24]

In 2009, founder Sharp wrote a memoir titled Four Seasons: The Story of Business Philosophy. It contained a historical chronicle of the hotels since its inception.^[25]

In September 2021, Cascade announced it will increase its existing 47.5% stake to 71.25% by purchasing, for $2.21 billion in cash, half of the existing 47.5% stake owned by the Saudi Kingdom Holding Company (KHC).^[26]

Business model

Four Seasons does not own any of its properties;^[27] it operates them on behalf of real estate owners and developers. For example, its New York Downtown hotel/residence is owned by Silverstein Properties, and its Las Vegas hotel is part of the Mandalay Bay complex. The contracts between Four Seasons and property owners typically permit the company to participate in the design of the property and run it with nearly total control over every aspect of the operation.

Four Seasons generally earns three percent of the gross income and about five percent of profits from the properties it operates. Property owners are required to additionally contribute money for marketing, chain-wide sales, reservations systems and renovations. Four Seasons hotels have larger staffs than competing chains, and the company maintains separate reserve accounts for each hotel to cover upkeep costs. Profit margins are relatively low, but the brand attracts developers through the hotels' reputation as solid assets for loan collateral or resale.^[5]

Residential rentals

Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts began offering vacation rentals in June 2014. Titled Residential Rentals, the properties are available in: North America (Costa Rica, Houston, Jackson Hole, Nevis, Punta Mita, San Diego, Whistler, Vail). Africa (Marrakech, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sharm El Sheikh), Europe (Cap-Ferrat) and Asia (Bali at Jimbaran Bay, Jakarta, Chiang Mai, Koh Samui, Bangkok). The first stand alone Four Seasons Private Residences opened in London at 20 Grosvenor Square, Mayfair in July 2019. It will be the third Four Seasons venue in London.^[28]

Residential Rentals provide the same services as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts in a residential setting. Customers are mainly multi-generational vacationers and small group travellers.^[29]

Locations

North America and the Caribbean

Four Seasons has a total of 53 hotels in North America and the Caribbean:

No.! style="width:400px;"

Name	Location	Country	Opening Year	Ref(s)
1	Beverly Wilshire, a Four Seasons Hotel	Beverly Hills	United States
2	Four Seasons Hotel and Residences Fort Lauderdale	Fort Lauderdale	United States
3	Four Seasons Hotel at The Surf Club	Surfside	United States
4	Four Seasons Hotel Atlanta	Atlanta	United States
5	Four Seasons Hotel Austin	Austin	United States
6	Four Seasons Hotel Baltimore	Baltimore	United States
7	Four Seasons Hotel Boston	Boston	United States
8	Four Seasons Hotel Chicago	Chicago	United States
9	Four Seasons Hotel Denver	Denver	United States
10	Four Seasons Hotel Houston	Houston	United States
11	Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas	Las Vegas	United States
12	Four Seasons Hotel Los Angeles at Beverly Hills	Los Angeles	United States
13	Four Seasons Hotel Mexico City	Mexico City	Mexico
14	Four Seasons Hotel Miami	Miami	United States
15	Four Seasons Hotel Minneapolis	Minneapolis	United States
16	Four Seasons Hotel Montreal	Montreal	Canada
17	Four Seasons Hotel Nashville	Nashville	United States
18	Four Seasons Hotel New Orleans	New Orleans	United States
19	Four Seasons Hotel New York	New York City	United States
20	Four Seasons Hotel New York Downtown	New York City	United States
21	Four Seasons Hotel One Dalton Street, Boston	Boston	United States
22	Four Seasons Hotel Philadelphia at Comcast Center	Philadelphia	United States
23	Four Seasons Hotel San Francisco	San Francisco	United States
24	Four Seasons Hotel San Francisco at Embarcadero	San Francisco	United States
25	Four Seasons Hotel Seattle	Seattle	United States
26	Four Seasons Hotel Silicon Valley at East Palo Alto	East Palo Alto	United States
27	Four Seasons Hotel St. Louis	St. Louis	United States
28	Four Seasons Hotel Toronto	Toronto	Canada
29	Four Seasons Hotel Washington, D.C.	Washington, DC	United States
30	Four Seasons Hotel Westlake Village	Westlake Village	United States
31	Four Seasons Residence Club San Diego, Aviara	Carlsbad	United States
32	Four Seasons Resort and Residences Anguilla	Anguilla	United Kingdom
33	Four Seasons Resort and Residences Cabo San Lucas at Cabo del Sol	Cabo San Lucas	Mexico
34	Four Seasons Resort and Residences Jackson Hole	Jackson Hole	United States
35	Four Seasons Resort and Residences Napa Valley	Calistoga	United States
36	Four Seasons Resort and Residences Vail	Vail	United States
37	Four Seasons Resort and Residences Whistler	Whistler	Canada
38	Four Seasons Resort Hualālai	Hualālai	United States
39	Four Seasons Resort Lanai	Lānaʻi	United States
40	Four Seasons Resort Los Cabos at Costa Palmas	Los Cabos	Mexico
41	Four Seasons Resort Maui at Wailea	Wailea	United States
42	Four Seasons Resort Nevis	Nevis	Saint Kitts and Nevis
43	Four Seasons Resort Oahu at Ko Olina	Ko Olina	United States
44	Four Seasons Resort Orlando at Walt Disney World® Resort	Orlando	United States
45	Four Seasons Resort Palm Beach	Palm Beach	United States
46	Four Seasons Resort Punta Mita	Punta Mita	Mexico
47	Four Seasons Resort Rancho Encantado	Santa Fe	United States
48	Four Seasons Resort Scottsdale at Troon North	Scottsdale	United States
49	Four Seasons Resort Tamarindo Mexico	Jalisco	Mexico
50	Four Seasons Resort The Biltmore Santa Barbara	Santa Barbara	United States
51	Naviva®, a Four Seasons Resort	Punta Mita	Mexico
52	Sensei Lanai, a Four Seasons Resort	Lānaʻi	United States
53	The Ocean Club, a Four Seasons Resort		The Bahamas

Central and South America

Four Seasons has a total of 4 hotels in Central and South America.^[30]

No.! style="width:400px;"

Name	Location	Country	Opening Year	Ref(s)
1	Four Seasons Hotel Bogotá	Bogotá	Colombia
2	Four Seasons Hotel Buenos Aires	Buenos Aires	Argentina
3	Four Seasons Hotel Casa Medina Bogotá	Bogotá	Colombia
4	Four Seasons Resort Costa Rica at Peninsula Papagayo	Papagayo Peninsula	Costa Rica

Europe

Four Seasons has a total of 19 hotels in Europe.^[31]

No.	Name	Location	Country	Opening Year	Ref(s)
1	Four Seasons Astir Palace Hotel Athens	Athens	Greece
2	Four Seasons Hotel Baku	Baku	Azerbaijan
3	Four Seasons Hotel des Bergues Geneva	Geneva	Switzerland
4	Four Seasons Hotel Firenze	Florence	Italy
5		Paris	France
6	Four Seasons Hotel Gresham Palace Budapest	Budapest	Hungary
7	Four Seasons Hotel Hampshire	Hampshire	United Kingdom
8	Four Seasons Hotel Istanbul at Sultanahmet	Istanbul	Turkey
9	Four Seasons Hotel Istanbul at the Bosphorus	Istanbul	Turkey
10	Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane	London	United Kingdom
11	Four Seasons Hotel London at Ten Trinity Square	London	United Kingdom
12	Four Seasons Hotel Madrid	Madrid	Spain
13	Four Seasons Hotel Megève	Megève	France
14	Four Seasons Hotel Milano	Milan	Italy
15	Four Seasons Hotel Prague	Prague	Czech Republic
16	Four Seasons Hotel Ritz Lisbon	Lisbon	Portugal
17	Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat, a Four Seasons Hotel	French Riviera	France
18	Les Chalets du Mont d'Arbois, Megève, a Four Seasons Hotel	Megève	France
19	San Domenico Palace, Taormina, a Four Seasons Hotel	Taormina	Italy

Middle East and Africa

Four Seasons has a total of 22 hotels in the Middle East and Africa.^[31]

No.	Name	Location	Country	Opening Year	Ref(s)
1	Four Seasons Hotel Abu Dhabi at Al Maryah Island	Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates
2	Four Seasons Hotel Alexandria at San Stefano	Alexandria	Egypt
3	Four Seasons Hotel Amman	Amman	Jordan
4	Four Seasons Hotel Bahrain Bay	Manama	Bahrain
5	Four Seasons Hotel Beirut	Beirut	Lebanon
6	Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at Nile Plaza	Cairo	Egypt
7	Four Seasons Hotel Cairo at the First Residence	Cairo	Egypt
8	Four Seasons Hotel Casablanca	Casablanca	Morocco
9	Four Seasons Hotel Doha	Doha	Qatar
10	Four Seasons Hotel Dubai International Financial Centre	Dubai	United Arab Emirates
11	Four Seasons Hotel Kuwait at Burj Alshaya	Kuwait City	Kuwait
12	Four Seasons Hotel Riyadh at Kingdom Centre	Riyadh	Saudi Arabia
13	Four Seasons Hotel the Westcliff Johannesburg	Johannesburg	South Africa
14	Four Seasons Hotel Tunis	Tunis	Tunisia
15	Four Seasons Resort and Residences at The Pearl-Qatar	Doha	Qatar
16	Four Seasons Resort Dubai at Jumeirah Beach	Dubai	United Arab Emirates
17	Four Seasons Resort Marrakech	Marrakesh	Morocco
18	Four Seasons Resort Mauritius at Anahita	Flacq	Mauritius
19	Four Seasons Resort Seychelles	Mahé	Seychelles
20	Four Seasons Resort Seychelles at Desroches Island	Desroches Island	Seychelles
21	Four Seasons Resort Sharm El Sheikh	Sharm El Sheikh	Egypt
22	Four Seasons Safari Lodge Serengeti	Serengeti National Park	Tanzania

Asia and Pacific

Four Seasons has a total of 32 hotels in Asia and the Pacific region.^[32]

No.	Name	Location	Country	Opening Year	Ref(s)
1	Four Seasons Hotel Bangkok at Chao Phraya River	Bangkok	Thailand
2	Four Seasons Hotel Beijing	Beijing	China
3	Four Seasons Hotel Bengaluru at Embassy One	Bangalore	India
4	Four Seasons Hotel Dalian	Dalian	China
5	Four Seasons Hotel Guangzhou	Guangzhou	China
6	Four Seasons Hotel Hangzhou at West Lake	Hangzhou	China
7	Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong	Hong Kong	China
8	Four Seasons Hotel Jakarta	Jakarta	Indonesia
9	Four Seasons Hotel Kuala Lumpur	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia
10	Four Seasons Hotel Kyoto	Kyoto	Japan
11	Four Seasons Hotel Macao at Cotai Strip	Macau	China
12	Four Seasons Hotel Mumbai	Mumbai	India
13	Four Seasons Hotel Seoul	Seoul	South Korea
14	Four Seasons Hotel Shenzhen	Shenzhen	China
15	Four Seasons Hotel Singapore	Singapore	Singapore
16	Four Seasons Hotel Suzhou	Suzhou	China
17	Four Seasons Hotel Sydney	Sydney	Australia
18	Four Seasons Hotel Tianjin	Tianjin	China
19	Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Marunouchi	Tokyo	Japan
20	Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Otemachi	Tokyo	Japan
21	Four Seasons Private Island Voavah at Baa Atoll	Baa Atoll	Maldives
22	Four Seasons Resort Bali at Jimbaran Bay	Bali	Indonesia
23	Four Seasons Resort Bali at Sayan	Bali	Indonesia
24	Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora	Bora Bora	France
25	Four Seasons Resort Chiang Mai	Chiang Mai	Thailand
26	Four Seasons Resort Koh Samui	Ko Samui	Thailand
27	Four Seasons Resort Langkawi	Langkawi	Malaysia
28	Four Seasons Resort Maldives at Kuda Huraa	Kaafu Atoll	Maldives
29	Four Seasons Resort Maldives at Landaa Giraavaru	Baa Atoll	Maldives
30	Four Seasons Resort The Nam Hai, Hoi An	Hội An	Vietnam
31	Four Seasons Tented Camp Golden Triangle	Golden Triangle	Thailand
32	The Grand Suites at Four Seasons	Macau	China

Former properties

• Four Seasons Hotel Bangkok, Thailand: Opened in 1978 as The Peninsula Bangkok, it became Regent Bangkok in 1982, with Four Seasons retaining that name after it bought Regent from 1992 to 2003.^[33] Four Seasons ended its management contract in 2015, and the hotel was rebranded under owner Minor Hotels' Anantara brand.^[34]
• Four Seasons Hotel Berlin, Germany: Opened in 1996, management terminated in 2004. It was subsequently rebranded Regent Berlin.^[35]
• Four Seasons Hotel Damascus, Syria: Opened in 2005 and financed by Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal (who is a joint stakeholder at the company) and Syrian businessman Samer Foz. The hotel remained affiliated with the hotel chain years after the start of the Syrian Civil War, which saw Canada severing ties with Syria, until 2019, when the United States put sanctions on Foz for his ties with Bashar Al-Assad. The hotel continues to call itself Four Seasons, despite no longer being associated with it.^[36]
• Four Seasons Hotel Dublin, Ireland: Opened in 2001, management terminated in 2014. It was rebranded as an InterContinental effective on 1 January 2015.^[37]
• Four Seasons Hotel Jakarta, Indonesia: Opened in 1995 as Regent Jakarta, a Four Seasons Hotel, the hotel was rebranded a proper Four Seasons in 2004. The hotel was closed in 2014, initially for renovations that were expected to be completed by 2018.^[38] However, it never reopened as a Four Seasons again. Management of the hotel was eventually assumed by Marriott International, which rebranded it as The St. Regis Jakarta in 2022.^[39] The name "Four Seasons Hotel Jakarta" now refers to another hotel that the chain opened in 2016.
• Four Seasons Hotel Lion Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 2013 in a renovated palace that dates back to 1820. It left the chain in 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, though it continues to call itself Four Seasons.^[40]
• Four Seasons Hotel London at Canary Wharf, United Kingdom: Opened in 1999, left the chain in 2016. It is currently known as the Canary Riverside Plaza.^[41]
• Four Seasons Hotel Moscow, Russia: Opened in 2014 on top of a demolished hotel called Hotel Moskva, which operated from 1935 to 2004. Like its counterpart in Saint Petersburg, it left the chain following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but continues to call itself Four Seasons.
• Four Seasons Hotel Philadelphia, United States: Opened in 1983, management terminated in 2015.^[42] Hilton Worldwide eventually took over the management; it is currently known as The Logan, a Curio Collection by Hilton.
• Four Seasons Hotel Sao Paulo, Brazil: Opened in 2018, management terminated in 2020. Marriott International assumed partnership with the hotel in 2022 and rebranded it as JW Marriott Sao Paulo.^[43]
• Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai, China: Opened in 2002 as the first Four Seasons hotel in China. In 2020, the company announced that the hotel would be closed for renovations, which commenced in June 2022.^[44] The hotel was delisted from the Four Seasons website afterwards, and Hyatt announced that it will reopen the hotel as an Alila in 2024.^[45]
• Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Pudong, China: Opened in 2012. Management was taken over by IHG Hotels & Resorts in 2020, which rebranded it Regent Shanghai Pudong.^[46]
• Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Chinzan-so, Japan: Opened in 1992. It was the first Four Seasons Hotel to open in Asia and Pacific region, but it left the chain in 2012. It is currently known as Hotel Chinzan-so Tokyo.
• Four Seasons Hotel Toronto, Canada: Opened in 1978 as a rebranding of the former Hyatt Regency Toronto, which had opened six years prior. The hotel closed in 2012, in conjunction with the opening of a new Four Seasons property in Toronto nearby, and was converted to a condominium.^[47]
• Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver, Canada: Opened in 1976, it was one of the few Four Seasons hotel directly owned by the chain, as opposed to being operated on behalf of a third-party. After 44 years in service, the hotel closed in 2020 following a legal dispute with its landowners.^[48]
• Four Seasons Resort Dallas at Las Colinas, United States: Opened in 1986 by the USAA, management was terminated in 2022. Marriott International subsequently assumed control, branding it as a Ritz-Carlton in 2024.^[49]
• Four Seasons Resort Great Exuma at Emerald Bay, the Bahamas: Opened in 2003 as part of the Great Exuma's Emerald Bay resort development, management was terminated in 2009. Several months later, it reopened as Sandals Emerald Bay.^[50]
• Inn on the Park, Toronto, Canada: Opened in 1963 as the company's first luxury hotel, a prototype to the Four Seasons brand. It suffered a decline in the 1980s, ultimately leaving the chain in 1996 and being converted to a Holiday Inn. The hotel closed in 2005 and has since been demolished.
• Regent Singapore, a Four Seasons Hotel: Opened in 1988 as the Pavilion Inter-Continental Singapore, converted to Regent and taken over by Four Seasons from 1992 to 2018, making it the last Regent property under Four Seasons to retain its name. The hotel is currently managed by Hilton Worldwide as Conrad Singapore Orchard.^[51]
• The Ritz-Carlton Chicago, a Four Seasons Hotel, United States: Opened in 1975, the hotel joined the Four Seasons chain in 1977. Despite its name, it was not originally affiliated with The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company (which did not exist at the time; the name "Ritz-Carlton" was carried under a license). It left the chain in 2013 before joining Marriott International in 2015, under which it began operating as a proper Ritz-Carlton.^[52]

Ships

In September 2022, the Four Seasons announced it was launching Four Seasons Yachts, with its first super yacht scheduled to hit the high seas in 2025.^[53] In June 2023, the company confirmed plans for a second ship due for delivery in 2026.^[54]

In 2003, Four Seasons Explorer, a luxury three-deck catamaran with 11 rooms, began to sail in the Maldives. Visitors from the Maldives' two Four Seasons resorts, Kuda Huraa and Landaa Giraavaru, could either book rooms or charter the entire ship for trips that lasted from three to seven days.^[55] After two decades, the ship left the Maldives in 2023 for Palau, where Four Seasons began offering tours at the end of that year.^[56]

Critical reception

Travel + Leisure magazine and Zagat Survey rank the hotel chain's properties among the top luxury hotels worldwide.^{[57] [58]} Readers of Conde Nast Traveler magazine have voted Four Seasons Tented Camp Golden Triangle in Chiang Rai, Thailand as among the top ten hotels in the world for three consecutive years.^[59] The company has been named one of the "100 Best Companies to Work For" by Fortune every year since the survey's inception in 1998, ranking No. 47 in 2015,^[60] and is lauded for having one of the lowest employee turnover rates in the hospitality industry.^[61]

In recent years, restaurants at Four Seasons hotels and resorts have been recognized by Zagat and Michelin. The latter has awarded a total of 29 stars to 20 of the company's restaurants, including Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong (three restaurants), Paris (three restaurants), Beijing (two restaurants) and Florence.^[62]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts Financials and News | 100 Best Companies to Work For. 6 January 2019. 7 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107074009/http://fortune.com/best-companies/2016/four-seasons-hotels-resorts-70/. dead.
2. Web site: Four Seasons Named to FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For List for 21st Consecutive Year. 2019-01-07. 2 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190502042221/https://press.fourseasons.com/news-releases/2018/fortune-best-companies-to-work-for/. dead.
3. Web site: Company Overview of Four Seasons Holdings Inc. https://web.archive.org/web/20080423013658/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=357114. dead. 23 April 2008. investing.businessweek.com. 21 August 2014.
4. Book: Eric Beaudan. Creative Execution: What Great Leaders Do to Unleash Bold Thinking and Innovation. 8 May 2012. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-118-35109-3. 152–.
5. David Segal, Pillow Fights at the Four Seasons, The New York Times, June 28, 2009, Accessed June 30, 2009.
6. News: Four Seasons Hotels agrees to bid from Gates and Alwaleed - Business - International Herald Tribune. 2007-02-12. The New York Times. 2018-02-07. en-US. 0362-4331.
7. News: Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates' investment firm to own controlling stake in Four Seasons. 2022-09-09. Puget Sound Business Journal.
8. Web site: 1960_to_1969. www.fourseasons.com.
9. News: Inn on the Park to close doors. JAMES RUSK. The Globe and Mail. October 27, 2004.
10. News: Bradbeer. Janice. Once Upon A City: Glamour, disco transform suburban North York. 11 December 2016. The Toronto Star. 8 December 2016.
11. Web site: Project page: Venetian Macau Parcel 2 - Fourseas Hotel & Podium MEP Works . byme.com.hk.
12. News: Dinges . Gary . 2015-01-31 . Austin - Four - Seasons for sale - Renovated luxe hotel 2nd high-end inn this week to go on market. . . 2017-09-08 . https://archive.today/20240528061909/https://www.webcitation.org/6tJmYSqms?url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/1533F685CB53E318%3Fp=WORLDNEWS . 28 May 2024 . dead .
13. News: Four Seasons Hotel Austin: A waterfront gem in downtown Austin . . 2017-09-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170917033332/http://www.forbestravelguide.com/austin-texas/hotels/four-seasons-hotel-austin . 2017-09-17 . dead .
14. News: Buchholz . Jan . 2016-03-23 . High-profile Austin hotel pricey part of blockbuster Blackstone deal . . 2017-09-16 .
15. News: Gee . Robert W. . 2000-07-21 . Welcome to Plugged Inn - Hotels in Austin and elsewhere cater to tech-savvy travelers (just don't try to cheat the mini-bar) . . 2017-09-08 . https://archive.today/20240528061829/https://www.webcitation.org/6tJllBf8j?url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0E9B7ED70DFE8444%3Fp=WORLDNEWS . 28 May 2024 . dead .
16. News: Barnes . Michael . 2017-03-08 . When Queen Elizabeth II stayed at the Four Seasons Austin Hotel . . 2017-09-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170917032643/http://www.mystatesman.com/news/when-queen-elizabeth-stayed-the-four-seasons-austin-hotel/MvCbh2qA7sMbA8kGf0W3SK/ . 2017-09-17 . dead .
17. Web site: Four Seasons group seeks partner for Regent chain. South China Morning Post. en.
18. Web site: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts to rename Thailand properties. 2024-01-26. Hospitality Net. en.
19. Web site: Management of Regent Singapore to change from Four Seasons to Capella in 2019. TTG Asia. en.
20. Staley, Oliver. Four Seasons Hotels agrees to bid from Gates and Alwaleed. Bloomberg News, February 13, 2007.
21. Web site: Hudson . Kris . Hyatt Takes Over Management of Aviara Resort - WSJ . Online.wsj.com . 2010-04-20 . 2015-07-30.
22. Web site: Krystina Gustafson . Luxury Four Seasons Hotel to Expand in China . Cnbc.com . 2010-05-18 . 2015-07-30.
23. News: New five-star hotels raise the bar in Toronto, Vancouver . Globe and Mail . February 12, 2013.
24. News: Four Seasons penthouse sells for $28-million. STEVE LADURANTAYE. The Globe and Mail. May 30, 2011.
25. Web site: Hotel de Sharp: Lessons From Four Seasons' Founder. 3 August 2009.
26. Web site: Bill Gates' Family Office Takes Majority Ownership of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts - SWFI.
27. News: Five-star general: Four Seasons' new CEO and the era of peak hotel luxury. The Globe and Mail. 2017-04-19. en-ca.
28. Web site: Unveiling Twenty Grosvenor Square: The World's First Standalone Four Seasons Private Residences. Feb 17, 2020. Four Seasons.
29. Web site: Luxe Home Rental Services . Trend Hunter World . 2014-06-19. 30 September 2015.
30. Web site: Hotel Press Kits Press Room Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. Four Seasons Press Room. en. 2020-03-21.
31. Web site: Hotel Press Kits | Press Room | Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. Four Seasons Press Room.
32. Web site: Find a Hotel or Resort. 2021-09-18. www.fourseasons.com. en.
33. Web site: Thailand’s Regent properties re-branded Four Seasons. Travel Weekly. April 9, 2005.
34. Web site: Four Seasons Bangkok to become flagship Anantara. Travel Daily Media. December 23, 2014.
35. Web site: Checking in: Experience the classic elegance of Regent Berlin. Regitse Rosenvinge. 12 October 2021.
36. Web site: Damascus' Four Seasons closes down following US sanctions on Syrian oligarch. Al Arabiya. 20 June 2019.
37. Web site: Four Seasons Hotel to exit luxury chain. The Irish Times. 16 October 2014.
38. Web site: NHotel Four Seasons Jakarta Tutup. DestinAsian. 2014.
39. Web site: New This Week: The St. Regis Jakarta Makes Its Official Debut. Forbes. 5 December 2022.
40. Web site: Four Seasons Has Suspended Direct Management of Hotels in Russia. Rus Tourism News. 10 November 2022.
41. Web site: Four Seasons Ends Management of Canary Wharf Property in London. Luxury Travel Advisor. 19 April 2016.
42. Web site: Philadelphia Four Seasons closes its doors. Philly Voice. 7 June 2015.
43. Web site: Four Seasons Sao Paulo Reflagged As JW Marriott. Loyalty Lobby. 7 January 2022.
44. Web site: Empty hotels are closing or struggling to survive. Asia Times. 9 April 2020.
45. Web site: Alila Shanghai Opening November 2024 (Former Four Seasons). One Mile at a Time. 22 June 2024.
46. Web site: Four Seasons Shanghai Pudong to rebrand under IHG's Regent Hotels offering. Business Traveler. 14 April 2020.
47. Web site: Toronto's iconic Four Seasons Hotel closes as successor set to open in August. Toronto Star. 27 March 2012.
48. Web site: Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver closing this month. Daily Hive. 2 January 2020.
49. Web site: Four Seasons Dallas will convert to a Ritz-Carlton. Travel Weekly. 13 October 2022.
50. Web site: After refurb, a fresh start for Sandals Emerald Bay. Travel Weekly. 18 March 2010.
51. Web site: New Conrad Singapore Orchard Now Open (Former Regent). One Mile at a Time. December 28, 2023.
52. Web site: The Curious Tale of the Ritz-Carlton Chicago, a Former Four Seasons Hotel. Travel and Leisure. 28 August 2017.
53. Web site: Four Seasons Announces Four Seasons Yachts . 2022-09-28 . www.travelmarketreport.com . en.
54. Web site: 2023-06-20 . Four Seasons Yachts Confirms Second Ship . 2023-06-20 . www.travelmarketreport.com . en.
55. Web site: FOUR SEASONS EXPLORER YACHT. Five Star Alliance.
56. Web site: Palau Opens Up To Luxury Cruisers on Four Seasons Explorer. Islands.
57. Web site: World's Best 2014 | Travel + Leisure . Travelandleisure.com . 2015-06-25 . 2015-07-30.
58. Web site: Richard L. Johnson . Zagat's Consumer Survey Rates Amanresorts and Four Seasons Best Hotel Chains in the World; Surveyors Found Four Seasons George V (Paris) the Top Large Hotel / May 2007 . Hotel-online.com . 2007-05-01 . 2015-07-30.
59. Web site: Top 100 Hotels & Resorts in the World. Condé Nast Traveler. 18 October 2016.
60. Web site: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts - 100 Best Companies to Work For . Fortune . https://web.archive.org/web/20150306204644/http://fortune.com/best-companies/four-seasons-hotels-resorts-47/ . March 6, 2015 . 2015.
61. Web site: 100 Best Companies to Work For - Fortune . Money.cnn.com . 2015-07-30.
62. Web site: Four Seasons Awards and Accolades. Four Seasons Press Room.