44th United States Congress explained

Number:	44th
Imagename:	United States Capitol
Imagedate:	1877
Start:	March 4, 1875
End:	March 4, 1877
Vp:	Henry Wilson (R) (until November 22, 1875) Vacant (from November 22, 1875)
Pro Tem:	Thomas W. Ferry (R) from March 9, 1875
Speaker:	Michael C. Kerr (D) until August 19, 1876 Samuel J. Randall (D) from December 4, 1876
Senators:	76
Reps:	293
Delegates:	9
S-Majority:	Republican
H-Majority:	Democratic
Sessionnumber1:	Special
Sessionstart1:	March 5, 1875
Sessionend1:	March 24, 1875
Sessionnumber2:	1st
Sessionstart2:	December 6, 1875
Sessionend2:	August 15, 1876
Sessionnumber3:	2nd
Sessionstart3:	December 4, 1876
Sessionend3:	March 3, 1877
Previous:	43rd
Next:	45th

The 44th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority.

Major events

See also: 1875 in the United States, 1876 in the United States and 1877 in the United States.

• November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson died from a stroke
• June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
• July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
• November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including the disputed Presidential election of 1876, later settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.

Major legislation

• January 29, 1877: Electoral Commission Act, ch. 37,
• March 3, 1877: Desert Land Act, ch. 107,

State admitted

• August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

Beginning of the CongressFile:44th United States Senate Ending.svg

Ending of the Congress

House of Representatives

Beginning of the CongressFile:44th United States House Ending.svg

Ending of the Congress

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)						Total
	Democratic (D)	Independent Democratic (ID)	Independent (I)	Independent Republican (IR)	Republican (R)	Other		Vacant
End of previous Congress	95	7	0	0		199	4	290	2
Begin		176	rowspan="2"	1	4		4	104	0	289	3
End		179	3	103		290
Final voting share	62.8%		1.4%	35.8%		0.0%
Beginning of the next Congress	144	2	0	0	146	0	292	1

Leadership

Senate

• President: Henry Wilson (R), until November 22, 1875; vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R), from March 9, 1875
• Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: John W. Stevenson

House of Representatives

• Speaker

Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 (died)

• • Samuel J. Randall (D), elected December 4, 1876
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II
• Republican Conference Chairman: George W. McCrary

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1878.

2. George Goldthwaite (D)

3. George E. Spencer (R)

2. Powell Clayton (R)

3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

1. Newton Booth (AM)

3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)

2. Henry M. Teller (R), from November 15, 1876

3. Jerome B. Chaffee (R), from November 15, 1876

1. William W. Eaton (D)

3. Orris S. Ferry (R), until November 21, 1875

James E. English (D), November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876

William H. Barnum (D), from May 18, 1876

1. Thomas F. Bayard Sr. (D)

2. Eli Saulsbury (D)

1. Charles W. Jones (D)

3. Simon B. Conover (R)

2. Thomas M. Norwood (D)

3. John B. Gordon (D)

2. John A. Logan (R)

3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

1. Joseph E. McDonald (D)

3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

2. George G. Wright (R)

3. William B. Allison (R)

2. James M. Harvey (R)

3. John J. Ingalls (R)

2. John W. Stevenson (D)

3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

2. J. Rodman West (R)

3. James B. Eustis (D), from January 12, 1876

1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)

2. Lot M. Morrill (R), until July 7, 1876

James G. Blaine (R), from July 10, 1876

1. William Pinkney Whyte (D)

3. George R. Dennis (D)

1. Henry L. Dawes (R)

2. George S. Boutwell (R)

1. Isaac P. Christiancy (R)

2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

1. Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)

2. William Windom (R)

1. Blanche Bruce (R)

2. James L. Alcorn (R)

1. Francis Cockrell (D)

3. Lewis V. Bogy (D)

1. Algernon Paddock (R)

2. Phineas Hitchcock (R)

1. William Sharon (R)

3. John P. Jones (R)

2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)

3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

1. Theodore F. Randolph (D)

2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

1. Francis Kernan (D)

3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

2. Matt W. Ransom (D)

3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

1. Allen G. Thurman (D)

3. John Sherman (R)

2. James K. Kelly (D)

3. John H. Mitchell (R)

1. William A. Wallace (D)

3. Simon Cameron (R)

1. Ambrose Burnside (R)

2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

2. Thomas J. Robertson (R)

3. John J. Patterson (R)

1. Andrew Johnson (D), until July 31, 1875

David M. Key (D), August 18, 1875 – January 19, 1877

James E. Bailey (D), from January 19, 1877

2. Henry Cooper (D)

1. Samuel B. Maxey (D)

2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R)

1. George F. Edmunds (R)

3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

1. Robert E. Withers (D)

2. John W. Johnston (D)

1. Allen T. Caperton (D), until July 26, 1876

Samuel Price (D), August 26, 1876 – January 26, 1877

Frank Hereford (D), from January 31, 1877

2. Henry G. Davis (D)

1. Angus Cameron (R)

3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

. Jeremiah Haralson (R)

. Jeremiah N. Williams (D)

. Taul Bradford (D)

. Charles Hays (R)

. John H. Caldwell (D)

. Goldsmith W. Hewitt (D)

. William H. Forney (D)

. Burwell B. Lewis (D)

. Lucien C. Gause (D)

. William F. Slemons (D)

. William W. Wilshire (D)

. Thomas M. Gunter (D)

. William A. Piper (D)

. Horace F. Page (R)

. John K. Luttrell (D)

. Peter D. Wigginton (D)

. James B. Belford (R), from October 3, 1876 (newly admitted state)

. George M. Landers (D)

. James Phelps (D)

. Henry H. Starkweather (R), until January 28, 1876

John T. Wait (R), from April 12, 1876

. William H. Barnum (D), until May 18, 1876

Levi Warner (D), from December 4, 1876

. James Williams (D)

. William J. Purman (R)

. Josiah T. Walls (R), until April 19, 1876

Jesse J. Finley (D), from April 19, 1876

. Julian Hartridge (D)

. William E. Smith (D)

. Philip Cook (D)

. Henry R. Harris (D)

. Milton A. Candler (D)

. James H. Blount (D)

. William H. Felton (ID)

. Alexander Stephens (D)

. Benjamin H. Hill (D), May 5, 1875 - March 3, 1877

. Bernard G. Caulfield (D)

. Carter H. Harrison (D)

. Charles B. Farwell (R), until May 6, 1876

John V. Le Moyne (D), from May 6, 1876

. Stephen A. Hurlbut (R)

. Horatio C. Burchard (R)

. Thomas J. Henderson (R)

. Alexander Campbell (I)

. Greenbury L. Fort (R)

. Richard H. Whiting (R)

. John C. Bagby (D)

. Scott Wike (D)

. William M. Springer (D)

. Adlai E. Stevenson (D)

. Joseph G. Cannon (R)

. John R. Eden (D)

. William A. J. Sparks (D)

. William R. Morrison (D)

. William Hartzell (D)

. William B. Anderson (I)

. Benoni S. Fuller (D)

. James D. Williams (D), until December 1, 1876

Andrew Humphreys (D), from December 5, 1876

. Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876

Nathan T. Carr (D), from December 5, 1876

. Jeptha D. New (D)

. William S. Holman (D)

. Milton S. Robinson (R)

. Franklin Landers (D)

. Morton C. Hunter (R)

. Thomas J. Cason (R)

. William S. Haymond (D)

. James L. Evans (R)

. Andrew H. Hamilton (D)

. John Baker (R)

. George W. McCrary (R)

. John Q. Tufts (R)

. Lucien L. Ainsworth (D)

. Henry O. Pratt (R)

. James Wilson (R)

. Ezekiel S. Sampson (R)

. John A. Kasson (R)

. James W. McDill (R)

. S. Addison Oliver (R)

. William A. Phillips (R)

. John R. Goodin (D)

. William R. Brown (R)

. Andrew Boone (D)

. John Y. Brown (D)

. Charles W. Milliken (D)

. J. Proctor Knott (D)

. Edward Y. Parsons (D), until July 8, 1876

Henry Watterson (D), from August 12, 1876

. Thomas L. Jones (D)

. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

. Milton J. Durham (D)

. John D. White (R)

. John B. Clarke (D)

. Randall L. Gibson (D)

. E. John Ellis (D)

. Chester B. Darrall (R)

. William M. Levy (D)

. Frank Morey (R), until June 8, 1876

William B. Spencer (D) June 8, 1876 - January 8, 1877

. Charles E. Nash (R)

. John H. Burleigh (R)

. William P. Frye (R)

. James G. Blaine (R), until July 10, 1876

Edwin Flye (R), from December 4, 1876

. Harris M. Plaisted (R), from September 13, 1875

. Eugene Hale (R)

. Philip F. Thomas (D)

. Charles B. Roberts (D)

. William J. O'Brien (D)

. Thomas Swann (D)

. Eli J. Henkle (D)

. William Walsh (D)

. James Buffington (R), until March 7, 1875

William W. Crapo (R), from November 2, 1875

. Benjamin W. Harris (R)

. Henry L. Pierce (R)

. Rufus S. Frost (R), until July 28, 1876

Josiah G. Abbott (D), from July 28, 1876

. Nathaniel P. Banks (I)

. Charles P. Thompson (D)

. John K. Tarbox (D)

. William W. Warren (D)

. George F. Hoar (R)

. Julius H. Seelye (I)

. Chester W. Chapin (D)

. Alpheus S. Williams (D)

. Henry Waldron (R)

. George Willard (R)

. Allen Potter (D)

. William B. Williams (R)

. George H. Durand (D)

. Omar D. Conger (R)

. Nathan B. Bradley (R)

. Jay A. Hubbell (R)

. Mark H. Dunnell (R)

. Horace B. Strait (R)

. William S. King (R)

. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)

. G. Wiley Wells (IR)

. Hernando Money (D)

. Otho R. Singleton (D)

. Charles E. Hooker (D)

. John R. Lynch (R)

. Edward C. Kehr (D)

. Erastus Wells (D)

. William H. Stone (D)

. Robert A. Hatcher (D)

. Richard P. Bland (D)

. Charles H. Morgan (D)

. John F. Philips (D)

. Benjamin J. Franklin (D)

. David Rea (D)

. Rezin A. De Bolt (D)

. John B. Clark Jr. (D)

. John M. Glover (D)

. Aylett H. Buckner (D)

. Lorenzo Crounse (R)

. William Woodburn (R)

. Frank Jones (D)

. Samuel N. Bell (D)

. Henry W. Blair (R)

. Clement H. Sinnickson (R)

. Samuel A. Dobbins (R)

. Miles Ross (D)

. Robert Hamilton (D)

. Augustus W. Cutler (D)

. Frederick H. Teese (D)

. Augustus A. Hardenbergh (D)

. Henry B. Metcalfe (D)

. John G. Schumaker (D)

. Simeon B. Chittenden (IR)

. Archibald M. Bliss (D)

. Edwin R. Meade (D)

. Samuel S. Cox (D)

. Smith Ely Jr. (D), until December 11, 1876

David Dudley Field (D), from January 11, 1877

. Elijah Ward (D)

. Fernando Wood (D)

. Abram S. Hewitt (D)

. Benjamin A. Willis (D)

. N. Holmes Odell (D)

. John O. Whitehouse (D)

. George M. Beebe (D)

. John H. Bagley Jr. (D)

. Charles H. Adams (R)

. Martin I. Townsend (R)

. Andrew Williams (R)

. William A. Wheeler (R)

. Henry H. Hathorn (R)

. Samuel F. Miller (R)

. George A. Bagley (R)

. Scott Lord (D)

. William H. Baker (R)

. Elias W. Leavenworth (R)

. Clinton D. MacDougall (R)

. Elbridge G. Lapham (R)

. Thomas C. Platt (R)

. Charles C. B. Walker (D)

. John M. Davy (R)

. George G. Hoskins (R)

. Lyman K. Bass (R)

. Nelson I. Norton (R), from December 6, 1875

. Jesse J. Yeates (D)

. John A. Hyman (R)

. Alfred M. Waddell (D)

. Joseph J. Davis (D)

. Alfred M. Scales (D)

. Thomas S. Ashe (D)

. William M. Robbins (D)

. Robert B. Vance (D)

. Milton Sayler (D)

. Henry B. Banning (D)

. John S. Savage (D)

. John A. McMahon (D)

. Americus V. Rice (D)

. Frank H. Hurd (D)

. Lawrence T. Neal (D)

. William Lawrence (R)

. Earley F. Poppleton (D)

. Charles Foster (R)

. John L. Vance (D)

. Ansel T. Walling (D)

. Milton I. Southard (D)

. Jacob P. Cowan (D)

. Nelson H. Van Vorhes (R)

. Lorenzo Danford (R)

. Laurin D. Woodworth (R)

. James Monroe (R)

. James A. Garfield (R)

. Henry B. Payne (D)

. George A. La Dow (D), until May 1, 1875

Lafayette Lane (D), from October 25, 1875

. Chapman Freeman (R)

. Charles O'Neill (R)

. Samuel J. Randall (D)

. William D. Kelley (R)

. John Robbins Jr. (D)

. Washington Townsend (R)

. Alan Wood Jr. (R)

. Hiester Clymer (D)

. A. Herr Smith (R)

. William Mutchler (D)

. Francis D. Collins (D)

. Winthrop W. Ketcham (R), until July 19, 1876

William H. Stanton (D), from November 7, 1876

. James B. Reilly (D)

. John B. Packer (R)

. Joseph Powell (D)

. Sobieski Ross (R)

. John Reilly (D)

. William Stenger (D)

. Levi Maish (D)

. Levi A. Mackey (D)

. Jacob Turney (D)

. James H. Hopkins (D)

. Alexander G. Cochran (D)

. John W. Wallace (R)

. George A. Jenks (D)

. James Sheakley (D)

. Albert G. Egbert (D)

. Benjamin T. Eames (R)

. Latimer W. Ballou (R)

. Joseph Rainey (R)

. Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR), until July 19, 1876

Charles W. Buttz (R), from November 7, 1876

. Solomon L. Hoge (R)

. Alexander S. Wallace (R)

. Robert Smalls (R)

. William McFarland (D)

. Jacob M. Thornburgh (R)

. George G. Dibrell (D)

. Samuel M. Fite (D), until October 23, 1875

Haywood Y. Riddle (D), from December 4, 1875

. John M. Bright (D)

. John F. House (D)

. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)

. John D. C. Atkins (D)

. William P. Caldwell (D)

. H. Casey Young (D)

. John H. Reagan (D)

. David B. Culberson (D)

. James W. Throckmorton (D)

. Roger Q. Mills (D)

. John Hancock (D)

. Gustave Schleicher (D)

. Charles H. Joyce (R)

. Dudley C. Denison (IR)

. George W. Hendee (R)

. Beverly B. Douglas (D)

. John Goode Jr. (D)

. Gilbert C. Walker (D)

. William H. H. Stowell (R)

. George Cabell (D)

. John R. Tucker (D)

. John T. Harris (D)

. Eppa Hutton, II (D)

. William Terry (D)

. Benjamin Wilson (D)

. Charles J. Faulkner Sr. (D)

. Frank Hereford (D), until January 31, 1877

. Charles G. Williams (R)

. Lucien B. Caswell (R)

. Henry S. Magoon (R)

. William P. Lynde (D)

. Samuel D. Burchard (D)

. Alanson M. Kimball (R)

. Jeremiah M. Rusk (R)

. George W. Cate (D)

Non-voting members

. Hiram S. Stevens (D)

. Thomas M. Patterson (D), until August 1, 1876

. Jefferson P. Kidder (R)

. Thomas W. Bennett (I), until June 23, 1876

Stephen S. Fenn (D), from June 23, 1876

. Martin Maginnis (D)

. Stephen B. Elkins (R)

. George Q. Cannon (R)

. Orange Jacobs (R)

. William R. Steele (D)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 4
  • Democratic: 1 seat net gain
  • Republican: 1 seat net loss
• Deaths: 3
• Resignations: 1
• Vacancy: 1
• Interim appointments: 3
• Seats of newly admitted states: 2
• Total seats with changes: 7

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate.

|-| Louisiana (3)| Vacant| Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback.^[1] Successor elected January 12, 1876.| nowrap | James B. Eustis (D)| January 10, 1876

|-| Tennessee (1)| nowrap | Andrew Johnson (D)| Died July 31, 1875.
Successor appointed August 18, 1875, to continue the term.| nowrap | David M. Key (D)| August 18, 1875

|-| Connecticut (3)| nowrap | Orris S. Ferry (R)| Died November 21, 1875.
Successor appointed November 27, 1875, to continue the term.| nowrap | James E. English (D)| November 27, 1875

|-| Connecticut (3)| nowrap | James E. English (D)| Interim appointee retired May 17, 1876 when successor elected.
Successor elected May 17, 1876.| nowrap | William H. Barnum (D)| May 18, 1876

|-| Maine (2)| nowrap | Lot M. Morrill (R)| Resigned July 7, 1876 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor appointed July 10, 1876, to continue the term.
Interim appointee later elected January 17, 1877.| nowrap | James G. Blaine (R)| July 10, 1876

|-| West Virginia (1)| nowrap | Allen T. Caperton (D)| Died July 26, 1876.
Successor appointed August 26, 1876, to continue the term.| nowrap | Samuel Price (D)| August 26, 1876

|-| Colorado (2)| New seat| Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876| nowrap | Henry M. Teller (R)| November 15, 1876

|-| Colorado (3)| New seat| Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876| nowrap | Jerome B. Chaffee (R)| November 15, 1876

|-| Tennessee (1)| nowrap | David M. Key (D)| Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 19, 1877.| nowrap | James E. Bailey (D)| January 19, 1877

|-| West Virginia (1)| nowrap | Samuel Price (D)| Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 26, 1877, but seat remained vacant until successor qualified by resigning from the U.S. House on January 31, 1877.| nowrap | Frank Hereford (D)| January 31, 1877

|}

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 14
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
• Deaths: 9
• Resignations: 6
• Contested election: 5
• Seats of newly admitted states: 1
• Total seats with changes: 21

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives.

|-| | Vacant| Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat| nowrap | Benjamin H. Hill (D)| May 5, 1875

|-| | Vacant| Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress| nowrap | Harris M. Plaisted (R)| September 13, 1875

|-| | Vacant| Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat| nowrap | Nelson I. Norton (R)| December 6, 1875

|-| | nowrap | James Buffington (R)| Died March 7, 1875| nowrap | William W. Crapo (R)| November 2, 1875

|-| | nowrap | George A. La Dow (D)| Died May 1, 1875| nowrap | Lafayette Lane (D)| October 25, 1875

|-| | nowrap | Samuel M. Fite (D)| Died October 23, 1875| nowrap | Haywood Y. Riddle (D)| December 14, 1875

|-| | nowrap | Henry H. Starkweather (R)| Died January 28, 1876| nowrap | John T. Wait (R)| April 12, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Josiah T. Walls (R)| Lost contested election April 19, 1876| nowrap | Jesse J. Finley (D)| April 19, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Charles B. Farwell (R)| Lost contested election May 6, 1876| nowrap | John V. Le Moyne (D)| May 6, 1876

|-| | nowrap | William H. Barnum (D)| Resigned May 18, 1876, after being elected to the US Senate| nowrap | Levi Warner (D)| December 4, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Frank Morey (R)| Lost contested election June 8, 1876| nowrap | William B. Spencer (D)| June 8, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Thomas W. Bennett (I)| Lost contested election June 23, 1876| nowrap | Stephen S. Fenn (D)| June 23, 1876

|-| | nowrap | James G. Blaine (R)| Resigned July 10, 1876, after being appointed to the US Senate| nowrap | Edwin Flye (R)| December 4, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Edward Y. Parsons (D)| Died July 8, 1876| nowrap | Henry Watterson (D)| August 12, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R)| Resigned July 19, 1876, after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania| nowrap | William H. Stanton (D)| November 7, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR)| style="font-size:80%" |Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876| nowrap | Charles W. Buttz (R)| November 7, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Rufus S. Frost (R)| Lost contested election July 28, 1876| nowrap | Josiah G. Abbott (D)| July 28, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Thomas M. Patterson (D)| Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876| colspan=2 | Statehood achieved

|-| | New seat| Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876.| nowrap | James B. Belford (R)| October 3, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Michael C. Kerr (D)| Died August 19, 1876| nowrap | Nathan T. Carr (D)| December 15, 1876

|-| | nowrap | James D. Williams (D)| Resigned December 1, 1876, after being elected Governor of Indiana| nowrap | Andrew Humphreys (D)| December 5, 1876

|-| | nowrap | Smith Ely Jr. (D)| Resigned December 11, 1876| nowrap | David D. Field II (D)| January 11, 1877

|-| | nowrap | William B. Spencer (D)| Resigned January 8, 1877, to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court| Vacant| Not filled this term

|-| | nowrap | Frank Hereford (D)| Resigned January 31, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate| Vacant| Not filled this term

|-| | nowrap | Benjamin H. Hill (D)| Resigned March 3, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate| Vacant| Not filled this term

|}

Committees

Senate

• Agriculture (Chairman: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Stephen W. Dorsey)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: George R. Dennis)
• Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: John J. Patterson)
• Claims (Chairman: George G. Wright; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
• Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
• Counting the Electoral Vote (Select)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: George E. Spencer; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Robertson)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: John J. Patterson; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: Henry B. Anthony)
• Enrolled Bills
• Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: James M. Harvey; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
• Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John P. Jones)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Powell Clayton)
• Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Timothy O. Howe)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas J. Robertson; Ranking Member: William A. Wallace)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan; Ranking Member: Ambrose E. Burnside)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
• Mississippi River Levee System (Select) (Chairman: James L. Alcorn; Ranking Member: Henry Cooper)
• Mississippi Election Frauds, 1876 (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. McDonald)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Simon B. Conover)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Patents (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh; Ranking Member: John W. Johnston)
• Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Blanche Bruce)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin; Ranking Member: Algernon S. Paddock)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman; Ranking Member: George F. Edmunds)
• Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
• Railroads (Chairman: Joseph R. West; Ranking Member: John H. Mitchell)
• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Isaac P. Christiancy)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Stevenson; Ranking Member: George G. Wright)
• Rules (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Phineas W. Hitchcock; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
• Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts; Ranking Member: George G. Hoskins)
• Agriculture (Chairman: John H. Caldwell; Ranking Member: William B. Anderson)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: William A. Wheeler)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox; Ranking Member: Scott Wike)
• Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens; Ranking Member: Levi Maish)
• Commerce (Chairman: Elijah Ward; Ranking Member: Henry Myer Phillips)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner; Ranking Member: George Willard)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: Gilbert C. Walker; Ranking Member: William M. Springer)
• Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris; Ranking Member: Earley F. Poppleton)
• Enrolled Bills
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William Mutchler; Ranking Member: Laurin D. Woodworth)
• Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Bernard G. Caulfield; Ranking Member: Edwin R. Meade)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George M. Beebe; Ranking Member: John H. Burleigh)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: William H.H. Stowell)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: John W. Wallace)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John S. Savage)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Robbins; Ranking Member: Lyman K. Bass)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry B. Metcalfe; Ranking Member: Samuel N. Bell)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann; Ranking Member: William H. Forney)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: George A. Jenks; Ranking Member: Jesse J. Yeates)
• Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott; Ranking Member: Bernard G. Caulfield)
• Manufactures (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: Samuel D. Burchard)
• Mileage (Chairman: Albert G. Egbert; Ranking Member: Nathaniel H. Odell)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning; Ranking Member: Augustus A. Hardenbergh)
• Militia (Chairman: Jacob P. Cowan; Ranking Member: John K. Tarbox)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Richard P. Bland; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
• Mississippi Levees (Chairman: E. John Ellis; Ranking Member: James Sheakley)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne; Ranking Member: John Robbins)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
• Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance; Ranking Member: William E. Smith)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Clark Jr.; Ranking Member: William F. Slemons)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter; Ranking Member: Lucien L. Ainsworth)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: Casey Young)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: Charles W. Milliken; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Milton Sayler; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas L. Jones; Ranking Member: Levi A. Mackey)
• Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: John O. Whitehouse; Ranking Member: Augustus W. Cutler)
• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Milton J. Durham; Ranking Member: Milton J. Durham)
• Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Eppa Hunton; Ranking Member: John G. Schumaker)
• Rules (Select) (Chairman: Michael C. Kerr; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: Milton I. Southard; Ranking Member: Peter D. Wigginton)
• War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden; Ranking Member: John H. Caldwell)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: William R. Morrison; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Henry R. Harris; Vice Chairman: Rep. Harris M. Plaisted)
• Frame a Form of Government for the District of Columbia
• Investigate Chinese Immigration
• The Library (Chairman: Rep. Hiester Clymer; Vice Chairman: Rep. James Monroe)
• Printing (Chairman: Rep. John L. Vance; Vice Chairmam: Rep. Latimer W. Ballou)

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol

Edward Clark

• Librarian of Congress

• Public Printer of the United States

Almon M. Clapp, from 1876

Senate

• Chaplain

Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)

• Librarian

George F. Dawson

• Secretary

George C. Gorham

• Sergeant at Arms

John R. French

House of Representatives

• Chaplain

John George Butler (Lutheran), until December 6, 1875

• • I. L. Townsend (Episcopalian), from December 6, 1875
• Clerk

Edward McPherson, until December 6, 1875

• • George M. Adams, elected December 6, 1875
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table

William H. Scudder

• Doorkeeper

Lafayette H. Fitzhugh

• Postmaster

James M. Steuart

• Reading Clerks

Thomas S. Pettit (D) and Neill S. Brown Jr. (R)

• Sergeant at Arms

Nehemiah G. Ordway, until December 6, 1875

• • John G. Thompson, elected December 6, 1875

See also

• 1874 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1874–75 United States Senate elections
  • 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1876 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1876 United States presidential election
  • 1876–77 United States Senate elections
  • 1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections

References

• Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. 1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.
• Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. 1982. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
• Book: Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 1st Session .
• Book: Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision) .
• Book: Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision) .
• Book: Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 2nd Session .
• Book: Congressional Directory for the 44th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision) .

Notes and References

1. Book: Taft, George S. . Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 - Pages 483 - 512. 1885 . .