Fortune Global 500 Explained

The Fortune Global 500, also known as Global 500, is an annual ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue. The list is compiled and published annually by Fortune magazine.

Methodology

Until 1989, it listed only non–United States industrial corporations under the title "International 500" while the Fortune 500 contained and still contains exclusively United States corporations. In 1990, United States companies were added to compile a truly global list of top industrial corporations as ranked by sales. Since 1995, the list has had its current form, listing also top financial corporations and service providers by revenue.

Several inconsistencies exist in Fortune ranking of cities with the most Fortune 500 headquarters. On June 3, 2011, the Atlanta Business Chronicle stated examples of Fortune including regional headquarters for some cities, excluding regional headquarters for other cities and in some cases excluding headquarters that are physically located inside a city limit.[1]

Geographical distribution

Since 2001, there has been significant change in the geographical distribution of the companies in the Global 500 rankings. Most of this growth is accounted for by a rapid increase in the number of Chinese Global 500 companies, of which there were 135 by 2021, increasing from only 10 in 2001. The share of European-based companies also declined, from 158 to 143, over the same period.[2] [3] [4]

Fortune Global 500 list of 2023

The following is the list of Top 10 companies in 2023:[5]

+ Fortune Global 500 list of 2023
RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$612.3 billion
2Saudi Aramco Saudi ArabiaEnergy$603.7 billion
3State Grid ChinaEnergy$530.0 billion
4Amazon United StatesInternet services and retailing$514.0 billion
5China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$483.1 billion
6Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$471.2 billion
7ExxonMobil United StatesPetroleum$413.7 billion
8Apple United StatesTechnology$394.3 billion
9Shell United KingdomPetroleum$386.2 billion
10 UnitedHealth Group United StatesHealth care$324.2 billion

Breakdown by country/territory

These are the Top 10 countries/territories with the highest revenues from the Top 500 companies as of August 2023:

+Breakdown by country/territory
RankCountryCompanies
1 United States136
2 China135
3 Japan41
4 Germany30
5 France24
618
7 United Kingdom15
8 Canada14
9 Switzerland11
10 Netherlands10

Breakdown by region

, 28 (6%) of the Fortune Global 500 companies are located outside East Asia, North America, and Europe:[6]

+Breakdown by region
RegionCompaniesGlobal share
East Asia20842%
North America15331%
Europe11824%
Rest of world214%

Leadership by sector

The following are the top-ranked companies in 2023 for each sector:

Sector Company Headquarters Overall
rank
Revenues
($M)
Aerospace & DefenseChina North Industries Group Beijing0146
  1. 146
82,689
ApparelChristian Dior Paris0143
  1. 143
83,283
ChemicalsSinochem Holdings Beijing0038
  1. 38
173,834
EnergySaudi Aramco Dhahran0002
  1. 2
603,651
Engineering & ConstructionChina State Construction Engineering Beijing0013
  1. 13
305,885
FinancialsBerkshire Hathaway Omaha0014
  1. 14
302,089
Food & Drug StoresKroger Cincinnati0058
  1. 58
148,258
Food, Beverages & TobaccoArcher Daniels Midland Chicago0098
  1. 98
101,556
Health CareUnitedHealth Group Minnetonka0010
  1. 10
324,162
Hotels, Restaurants & LeisureCompass Group Chertsey0469
  1. 469
32,564
Household ProductsProcter & Gamble Cincinnati0154
  1. 154
80,187
IndustrialsHengli Group Suzhou0123
  1. 123
90,944
MaterialsChina Baowu Steel Group Shanghai0044
  1. 44
161,698
MediaWalt Disney Burbank0145
  1. 145
82,722
Motor Vehicles & PartsVolkswagen Group Wolfsburg0015
  1. 15
293,685
RetailingWalmart Bentonville0001
  1. 1
611,289
TechnologyApple Cupertino0008
  1. 8
394,328
TelecommunicationsChina Mobile Communications Beijing0062
  1. 62
139,597
TransportationChina Post Group Beijing0086
  1. 86
110,271
WholesalersTrafigura Group Singapore0012
  1. 12
318,476

Fortune Global 500 list of 2022

The following is the list of Top 10 companies in 2022:[7]

+ Fortune Global 500 list of 2022
RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$572.8 billion
2Amazon United StatesInternet Services and Retailing$469.8 billion
3State Grid ChinaEnergy$460.6 billion
4China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$411.7 billion
5Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$401.3 billion
6Saudi Aramco Saudi ArabiaEnergy$400.4 billion
7Apple United StatesTechnology$365.8 billion
8Volkswagen GermanyAutomobiles$295.8 billion
9China State Construction Engineering ChinaConstruction & Engineering$293.7 billion
10 CVS Health United StatesHealth care$292.1 billion

Breakdown by country

These are the Top 10 countries with the highest revenues from the Top 500 companies as of August 2022:

+Breakdown by country
RankCountryCompanies
1 China145
2 United States124
3 Japan47
4 Germany28
5 France25
6 United Kingdom18
716
8 Switzerland14
9 Canada12
10 Netherlands11

Breakdown by region

, 26 (5%) of the Fortune Global 500 companies are located outside East Asia, North America, and Europe:

+Breakdown by region
RegionCompaniesGlobal share
East Asia20842%
North America13828%
Europe12826%
Rest of world265%

Leadership by sector

The following are the top-ranked companies in 2022 for each sector:

Sector Company Headquarters Overall
rank
Revenues
($M)
Aerospace & DefenseChina North Industries Group Beijing0136
  1. 136
81,785
ApparelChristian Dior Paris0156
  1. 156
75,924
Business servicesRandstad Diemen0491
  1. 491
29,126
Chemicals Beijing0031
  1. 31
172,260
EnergyState Grid Beijing0003
  1. 3
460,617
Engineering & ConstructionChina State Construction Engineering Beijing0009
  1. 9
293,712
FinancialsBerkshire Hathaway Omaha0014
  1. 14
276,094
Food & Drug StoresWalgreens Boots Alliance Deerfield0045
  1. 45
148,579
Food, Beverages & TobaccoNestlé Vevey0103
  1. 103
95,293
Health CareCVS Health Woonsocket0010
  1. 10
292,111
Household ProductsProcter & Gamble Cincinnati0154
  1. 154
76,118
IndustrialsHengli Group Suzhou0075
  1. 75
113,536
MaterialsChina Baowu Steel Group Shanghai0044
  1. 44
150,730
MediaWalt Disney Burbank0183
  1. 183
67,418
Motor Vehicles & PartsVolkswagen Wolfsburg0008
  1. 8
295,820
RetailingWalmart Bentonville0001
  1. 1
572,754
TechnologyApple Cupertino0007
  1. 7
365,817
TelecommunicationsAT&T Dallas0032
  1. 32
168,864
TransportationChina Post Group Beijing0081
  1. 81
108,669
WholesalersTrafigura Group Singapore0019
  1. 19
231,308

Fortune Global 500 list of 2021

The following is the list of Top 10 companies:[8]

+ Fortune Global 500 list of 2021
RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$559.1 billion
2State Grid ChinaEnergy$386.6 billion
3Amazon United StatesInternet Services and Retailing$386 billion
4China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$283.9 billion
5Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$283.7 billion
6AppleTechnology$274.5 billion
7 CVS Health United StatesHealth care$268.7 billion
8UnitedHealth Group United StatesHealth care$257.1 billion
9Toyota Motor JapanAutomobiles$256.7 billion
10Volkswagen GermanyAutomobiles$253.9 billion

Breakdown by country

, this is the list of the Top 10 countries with the highest revenues Top 500 companies:

+Breakdown by country
RankCountryCompanies
1 China135
2 United States122
3 Japan53
4 France28
5 Germany27
6 United Kingdom22
715
8 Switzerland13
9 Canada12
10 Netherlands11

Breakdown by region

, just 21 (4%) of the Fortune Global 500 companies are located outside East Asia, North America, and Europe:

+Breakdown by region
RegionCompaniesGlobal share
East Asia21142%
North America13627%
Europe13226%
Rest of world214%

Fortune Global 500 list of 2020

The following is the list of Top 10 companies:[9]

+ Fortune Global 500 list of 2020
RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$524 billion
2Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$407 billion
3State Grid ChinaEnergy$384 billion
4China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$379 billion
5Royal Dutch ShellPetroleum$352 billion
6 Saudi Aramco Saudi ArabiaEnergy$330 billion
7Volkswagen GermanyAutomobiles$283 billion
8BP United KingdomPetroleum$283 billion
9Amazon.com United StatesInternet Services and Retailing$281 billion
10Toyota Motor JapanAutomobiles$275 billion

Breakdown by country

, this is the list of the Top 10 countries with the highest earning Top 500 companies:

+Breakdown by country
RankCountryCompanies
1 China124
2 United States121
3 Japan53
4 France31
5 Germany27
6 United Kingdom 22
714
8 Switzerland14
9 Canada13
10 Netherlands 13

The Global 500 includes Unilever under the heading "Britain/Netherlands", as the company is counted in the tally for both countries.

Leadership by sector

The following are the top-ranked companies in 2020 for each sector:

Sector Company Headquarters Overall
rank
Revenues
($M)
Aerospace & DefenseAirbus Leiden0060
  1. 116
78,883
ApparelChristian Dior Paris0234
  1. 180
60,071
Business servicesCompass Group Chertsey0434
  1. 395
31,736
ChemicalsBASF Ludwigshafen0126
  1. 143
70,723
EnergySinopec Group Beijing0002
  1. 2
407,009
Engineering & ConstructionChina State Construction Engineering Beijing0024
  1. 18
205,839
FinancialsBerkshire Hathaway Omaha0008
  1. 14
254,616
Food & Drug StoresWalgreens Boots Alliance Deerfield0037
  1. 41
136,866
Food, Beverages & TobaccoNestlé Vevey0064
  1. 82
92,107
Health CareCVS Health Woonsocket0013
  1. 13
256,776
Household ProductsProcter & Gamble Cincinnati0098
  1. 156
67,684
IndustrialsSiemens Munich0031
  1. 74
97,937
MaterialsAmer International Group Shenzhen0120
  1. 91
88,862
MediaWalt Disney Burbank0161
  1. 150
69,570
Motor Vehicles & PartsVolkswagen Wolfsburg0005
  1. 7
282,760
RetailingWalmart Bentonville0001
  1. 1
523,964
TechnologyApple Cupertino0009
  1. 12
260,174
TelecommunicationsAT&T Dallas0019
  1. 22
181,193
TransportationChina Post Group Beijing0099
  1. 90
89,347
WholesalersTrafigura Group Singapore0011
  1. 27
171,474

Breakdown by region

, just 24 (5%) of the Fortune Global 500 companies are located outside East Asia, North America, and Europe:

+Breakdown by region
RegionCompaniesGlobal share
East Asia20040%
Europe13828%
North America13828%
Rest of world245%

Fortune Global 500 list of 2019

The following is the list of Top 10 companies:[10]

+Fortune Global 500 list of 2019
RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$514 billion
2Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$415 billion
3Royal Dutch ShellPetroleum$397 billion
4China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$393 billion
5State Grid ChinaEnergy$387 billion
6Saudi Aramco Saudi ArabiaEnergy$356 billion
7BP United KingdomPetroleum$304 billion
8Exxon Mobil United StatesPetroleum$290 billion
9Volkswagen GermanyAutomobiles$278 billion
10Toyota Motor JapanAutomobiles$273 billion

Breakdown by country

, this is the list of the Top 10 countries with the most Global 500 companies:

+Breakdown by country
RankCountryCompanies
1 United States121
2 China119
3 Japan52
4 France31
5 Germany29
6 United Kingdom 18
716
8 Switzerland14
9 Canada13
10 Netherlands 12

The Global 500 includes Unilever & Royal Dutch Shell under the heading "Britain/Netherlands", as the company is counted in the tally for both countries.

Leadership by sector

The following are the top-ranked companies in 2019 for each sector:

Sector Company Headquarters Overall
rank
Revenues
($M)
Aerospace & DefenseBoeing Chicago0060
  1. 68
101,127
ApparelChristian Dior Paris0234
  1. 187
55,263
Business servicesCompass Group Chertsey0434
  1. 403
30,879
ChemicalsDuPont Wilmington0126
  1. 100
85,977
EnergySinopec Group Beijing0002
  1. 2
414,650
Engineering & ConstructionChina State Construction Engineering Beijing0024
  1. 21
181,525
FinancialsBerkshire Hathaway Omaha0008
  1. 12
247,837
Food & Drug StoresWalgreens Boots Alliance Deerfield0037
  1. 40
131,537
Food, Beverages & TobaccoNestlé Vevey0064
  1. 76
93,513
Health CareUnitedHealth Group Minnetonka0013
  1. 14
226,247
Household ProductsProcter & Gamble Cincinnati0098
  1. 146
66,832
IndustrialsGeneral Electric Boston0031
  1. 48
120,268
MaterialsChina Minmetals Beijing0120
  1. 112
80,076
MediaWalt Disney Burbank0161
  1. 170
59,434
Motor Vehicles & PartsVolkswagen Wolfsburg0005
  1. 9
278,342
RetailingWalmart Bentonville0001
  1. 1
514,405
TechnologyApple Cupertino0009
  1. 11
265,595
TelecommunicationsAT&T Dallas0019
  1. 25
170,756
TransportationChina Post Group Beijing0099
  1. 101
85,628
WholesalersTrafigura Group Singapore0011
  1. 22
180,744

Fortune Global 500 list of 2018

The following is the list of Top 10 companies:[11]

+Fortune Global 500 list of 2018
RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$500 billion
2State Grid ChinaEnergy$349 billion
3Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$327 billion
4China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$326 billion
5Royal Dutch Shell Netherlands United KingdomPetroleum$312 billion
6Toyota Motor JapanAutomobiles$265 billion
7Volkswagen GermanyAutomobiles$260 billion
8BP United KingdomPetroleum$245 billion
9Exxon Mobil United StatesPetroleum$244 billion
10Berkshire Hathaway United StatesHolding$242 billion

Breakdown by country

, this is the list of the Top 10 countries with the most Global 500 companies:

+ Breakdown by country
RankCountryCompanies
1126
2120
352
4 Germany32
5 France28
6 United Kingdom 21
716
8 Netherlands 15
914
1012
The Global 500 includes Unilever under the heading "Britain/Netherlands", as the company is counted in the tally for both countries.

As shown in the table above, 436 (87.2%) of the Global 500 are represented by only 10 countries: two in North America (Canada and United States), five in Western Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) and three in East Asia (China, Japan and South Korea). Moreover, the top six (United States, China, Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom) are the world's largest economies as estimated by the IMF (List of countries by GDP (nominal)). Among the Global 500, 379 companies (75.8%) are from these six countries.

Leadership by sector

The following are the top-ranked companies in 2018 for each sector:

Sector Company Headquarters Overall
rank
Revenues
($M)
Aerospace & DefenseBoeing Chicago0060
  1. 64
93,392
ApparelChristian Dior Paris0234
  1. 208
49,221
Business servicesCompass Group Chertsey0434
  1. 413
28,578
ChemicalsBASF Ludwigshafen0126
  1. 112
72,677
EnergyState Grid Beijing0002
  1. 2
348,903
Engineering & ConstructionChina State Construction Engineering Beijing0024
  1. 23
156,071
FinancialsBerkshire Hathaway Omaha0008
  1. 10
242,137
Food & Drug StoresKroger Cincinnati0037
  1. 39
122,662
Food, Beverages & TobaccoNestlé Vevey0064
  1. 69
91,222
Health CareUnitedHealth Group Minnetonka0013
  1. 15
201,159
Household ProductsProcter & Gamble Cincinnati0098
  1. 135
66,217
IndustrialsGeneral Electric Boston0031
  1. 41
122,274
MaterialsChina Minmetals Beijing0120
  1. 109
72,997
MediaDisney Burbank0161
  1. 176
55,137
Motor Vehicles & PartsToyota Motor Toyota0005
  1. 6
265,172
RetailingWalmart Bentonville0001
  1. 1
500,343
TechnologyApple Cupertino0009
  1. 11
229,234
TelecommunicationsAT&T Dallas0019
  1. 20
160,546
TransportationChina Post Group Beijing0099
  1. 113
72,197
WholesalersMcKesson Corporation San Francisco0011
  1. 13
208,357

Breakdown by industry

The following are the top-ranked companies in 2018 for each industry:

Fortune Global 500 by industry!Industry!Company!Country!Rank!Revenue ($M)
Aerospace & DefenseBoeing United States6493,392
AirlinesAmerican Airlines United States26042,207
ApparelChristian Dior France20849,221
Banks: Commercial & SavingsIndustrial & Commercial Bank China26153,021
BeveragesAnheuser-Busch InBev Belgium17056,444
Building Materials, GlassSaint-Gobain France23146,002
ChemicalsBASF Germany11272,677
Computer SoftwareMicrosoft United States7189,950
Computers, Office EquipmentApple United States11229,234
Construction & Farm MachineryCaterpillar United States23845,462
Diversified FinancialsEXOR Group Netherlands19161,677
Electronics, Electrical EquipmentSamsung Electronics South Korea12211,940
EnergyGazprom Russia49111,983
Engineering & ConstructionChina Construction Engineering China23156,071
EntertainmentDisney United States17655,137
Food & Drug StoresKroger United States39122,662
Food Consumer ProductsNestle Switzerland6991,222
Food ProductionArcher Daniels Midland United States15260,828
Food ServicesCompass Group United Kingdom41328,578
General MerchandisersWalmart United States1500,343
Health Care: Insurance & Managed CareUnitedHealth Group United States15201,159
Health Care: Medical FacilitiesHCA Healthcare United States21547,653
Health Care: Pharmacy & Other ServicesCVS Health United States17184,765
Household & Personal ProductsProcter & Gamble United States13566,217
Human Resources & Employment ServicesAdecco Group Switzerland44126,670
Industrial MachineryGeneral Electric United States41122,274
Information Technology ServicesIBM United States9279,139
Insurance: Life, Health (Mutual)Nippon Life Insurance Japan12668,684
Insurance: Life, Health (Stock)AXA France27149,461
Insurance: Property & Casualty (Mutual)State Farm Insurance United States9578,331
Insurance: Property & Casualty (Stock)Berkshire Hathaway United States10242,137
Internet Services & RetailingAmazon.com United States18177,866
Mail, Package, & Freight DeliveryChina Post Group China11372,197
Medical Products & EquipmentMedtronic Ireland39629,710
MetalsChina Minmetals China10972,997
Mining, Crude-Oil ProductionGlencore Switzerland14205,476
Motor Vehicles & PartsToyota Motor Japan6265,172
Network & Other Communications EquipmentHuawei Investment & Holding China7289,311
Oil & Gas Equipment, ServicesSchlumberger United States38630,440
Petroleum RefiningSinopec Group China3326,953
PharmaceuticalsChina Resources China8682,184
PipelinesEnergy Transfer Equity United States21747,487
RailroadsDeutsche Bahn Germany21148,124
Real EstateChina Evergrande Group China23046,019
Semiconductors & Other Electronic ComponentsIntel United States14662,761
ShippingChina Shipbuilding Industry China24544,431
Specialty RetailersHome Depot United States57100,904
TelecommunicationsAT&T United States20160,546
TextilesShandong Weiqiao Pioneering China18553,203
TobaccoPhilip Morris International United States41128,748
TradingTrafigura Group Singapore32136,421
UtilitiesState Grid China2348,903
Wholesalers: Electronics & Office EquipmentTech Data United States31536,775
Wholesalers: Food & GrocerySysco United States17455,371
Wholesalers: Health CareMcKesson Corporation United States13208,357

Most profitable

The following is the Global 500 list sorted by profits:[12]

Fortune Global 500 most profitable of 2018!Rank!Company!Country!Profits ($M)
1Apple United States$48,351.0
2British American Tobacco United Kingdom$48,327.8
3Berkshire Hathaway United States$44,940.0
4Industrial & Commercial Bank of China China$42,323.7
5Samsung Electronics South Korea$36,575.4
6China Construction Bank China$35,845.2
7Verizon United States$30,101.0
8AT&T United States$29,450.0
9Agricultural Bank of China China$28,550.4
10Bank of China China$25,509.2

Fortune Global 500 list of 2017

The following is the list of Top 10 companies:[13] [14]

RankCompanyCountryIndustryRevenue in USD
1Walmart United StatesRetail$486 billion
2State Grid ChinaEnergy$316 billion
3Sinopec Group ChinaPetroleum$268 billion
4China National Petroleum ChinaPetroleum$263 billion
5Toyota Motor JapanAutomobiles$255 billion
6Volkswagen GermanyAutomobiles$240 billion
7Royal Dutch Shell Netherlands Petroleum$240 billion
8Berkshire Hathaway United StatesProducts$242 billion
9Apple United StatesTechnology$216 billion
10Exxon Mobil United StatesPetroleum$205 billion
Fortune had previously listed Shell as a British/Dutch company, but as of the 2016 listing it is listed as Dutch.

Breakdown by country

, this is the list of the Top 10 countries with the most Global 500 companies:[15]

RankCountryCompanies
1 133
2 109
3 51
4 29
5 29
6 United Kingdom 21
7 15
8 Netherlands 15
9 13
The Global 500 includes Unilever under the heading "Britain/Netherlands", as the company is counted in the tally for both countries.

As can be seen from the table above, 425 (85.0%) of the Global 500 are represented by only 10 countries: two in North America (Canada and United States), five in Western Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) and three in East Asia (China, Japan and South Korea). Moreover, the top six (United States, China, Japan, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) are some of the world's largest economies as estimated by the IMF (List of countries by GDP (nominal)). Among the Fortune Global 500, 371 companies (74.2%) are from these six countries.

Leadership by sector

The top-ranked companies in each sector are as follows:

Sector Company Headquarters Overall
rank
Revenues
($M)
0060
  1. 60
94,571
0234
  1. 234
42,113
0434
  1. 434
25,112
0126
  1. 126
63,641
0002
  1. 2
315,199
0024
  1. 24
144,505
0008
  1. 8
223,604
0037
  1. 37
117,351
0064
  1. 64
90,814
0013
  1. 13
184,840
0098
  1. 98
71,726
0031
  1. 31
126,661
0120
  1. 120
65,547
0161
  1. 161
55,632
0005
  1. 5
255,000
0001
  1. 1
485,873
0009
  1. 9
215,639
0019
  1. 19
163,786
0099
  1. 99
71,498
0011
  1. 11
198,533

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Some cities rankings are overstated. Maria Saporta. Atlanta Business Chronicle. October 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130714234502/http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/print-edition/2011/06/03/fortune-500-list-overstates-atlantas.html. July 14, 2013. live.
  2. Web site: A New Perspective on the Corporate World. July 8, 2013. CNN Money (A Warner Media Company), Fortune Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20190629173859/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/. June 29, 2019. live.
  3. Web site: Visualize The Global 500. Fortune. September 16, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160907062205/http://beta.fortune.com/global500/visualizations. September 7, 2016. live.
  4. News: 40% of Fortune 500 companies Asian, India has 7 in list - Times of India â–º. The Times of India. 22 July 2017 . January 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190217031820/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/40-of-fortune-500-companies-asian-india-has-7-in-list/articleshow/59707630.cms. February 17, 2019. live.
  5. Web site: Global 500 . 2023-10-23 . Fortune . en.
  6. Web site: Global 500 . 2023-08-11 . Fortune . en.
  7. Web site: Global 500 . 2022-08-03 . Fortune . en.
  8. Web site: Forbes Global 500 list of 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2022. .
  9. Web site: Global 500. August 10, 2020. Fortune. en.
  10. Web site: Global 500. Fortune. en. July 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190807080136/https://fortune.com/global500/2019/. August 7, 2019. live.
  11. Web site: Fortune Global 500 List 2018: See Who Made It. Fortune. en-US. July 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221016/http://fortune.com/global500/list. May 10, 2019. live.
  12. Web site: Fortune Global 500 List 2018: See Who Made It. Fortune. March 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221016/http://fortune.com/global500/list. May 10, 2019. live.
  13. Web site: Fortune Global 500 List 2018: See Who Made It. Fortune. January 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20120509014825/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/full_list/index.html. May 9, 2012. live.
  14. Web site: Global 500. Fortune. July 7, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20130907013637/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2013/full_list/. September 7, 2013. live.
  15. Web site: Global 500 2017. Fortune. Number of companies data taken from the "Country" box.