| Fort Peck Lake | |
| Location: | ,  United States |
| Coords: | 47.7781°N -106.6814°W[1] |
| Lake Type: | Reservoir |
| Inflow: | Missouri River, Musselshell River, Fourchette Creek, Dry Creek |
| Outflow: | Missouri River |
| Catchment: | 57500sqmi[2] |
| Length: | 134miles |
| Area: | 245000acres |
| Depth: | 76.3feet |
| Max-Depth: | 220feet |
| Volume: | 18687731abbr=onNaNabbr=on |
| Elevation: | 2250feet |
| Frozen: | Winter |
| Islands: | York Island, others unnamed |
| Cities: | Fort Peck |
| Pushpin Map: | Montana#USA |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location of Fort Peck Lake in Montana, USA. |
Fort Peck Lake, or Lake Fort Peck, is a major reservoir in Montana, formed by the Fort Peck Dam on the Missouri River. The lake lies in the eastern prairie region of Montana approximately 140miles east of Great Falls and 120miles north of Billings, reaching into portions of six counties.[1]
The dam and reservoir were built in the 1930s to enhance navigation on the Missouri River, supplying enough water downstream of the dam to provide for a 9adj=midNaNadj=mid, 300adj=midNaNadj=mid navigation channel from Sioux City, Iowa, to the mouth of the Missouri just above St. Louis.[3]
Following severe flooding along the Missouri River in 1943, which hampered the economic development of the Missouri River Valley and damaged production of military supplies for then-ongoing World War II, five additional dams were added when the federal government adopted the Pick-Sloan Plan, calling for a series of dams and reservoirs to be built along the Missouri and its tributaries.[4] Fort Peck Dam was built from 1933 to 1940 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; water impoundment began in 1937 and the reservoir was first filled to capacity in 1947.[5] The federal government forced out ranchers and farmers who lived in the valley bottom to prepare room for the lake.[6]
With a volume of 18700000acre.ft when full, Fort Peck is the fifth largest artificial lake in the United States. It extends 134miles through central Montana, and its twisting, inlet-studded shoreline has a total length of some 1520miles.[7] Along with the Missouri River, smaller tributaries such as the Musselshell River, Fourchette Creek, Timber Creek, Hell Creek and Dry Creek feed the reservoir; the latter forms the longest side arm of the reservoir, which reaches some 30miles southwards. The lake covers an area of 245000acres, making it the largest in Montana by surface area, although Flathead Lake has a larger volume due to its greater depth.[8] [9]
The reservoir is also a tourist attraction, with 27 designated recreational sites bordering its shores.[10] Bordering nearly the entire reservoir is the 1719sqmi Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, which has preserved much of the high prairie and hill country around the lake.[11]
The lake is featured in the film Jurassic Park III, as part of an excavation.
Fishing is popular at the reservoir and a large variety of fish have been introduced into the lake.[12]
| Family | Class | Native to MT | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bigmouth Buffalo | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Black Bullhead | Catfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Black Crappie | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Blue Sucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Bluegill | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Brassy Minnow | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Brook Stickleback | Stickleback | Warmwater | Native | |
| Brown Trout | Trout | Coldwater | Introduced | |
| Burbot | Codfish | Coldwater | Native | |
| Channel Catfish | Catfish | Warmwater | Native | |
| Chinook Salmon | Trout | Introduced | ||
| Cisco | Trout | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Common Carp | Minnow | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Creek Chub | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Emerald Shiner | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Fathead Minnow | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Flathead Chub | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Freshwater Drum | Drum | Warmwater | Native | |
| Goldeye | Mooneye | Warmwater | Native | |
| Green Sunfish | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Iowa Darter | Perch | Warmwater | Native | |
| Lake Chub | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Lake Trout | Trout | Coldwater | Native | |
| Lake Whitefish | Trout | Coldwater | Introduced | |
| Largemouth Bass | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Longnose Dace | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Longnose Sucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Northern Pike | Pike | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Northern Redbelly Dace | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Paddlefish | Paddlefish | Warmwater | Native | |
| Pallid Sturgeon | Sturgeon | Warmwater | Native | |
| Plains Killifish | Killifish | Introduced | ||
| Plains Minnow | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Rainbow Trout | Trout | Coldwater | Introduced | |
| River Carpsucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Sand Shiner | Minnow | Warmwater | Native | |
| Sauger | Perch | Warmwater | Native | |
| Shorthead Redhorse | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Shovelnose Sturgeon | Sturgeon | Warmwater | Native | |
| Smallmouth Bass | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Smallmouth Buffalo | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Spottail Shiner | Minnow | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| Stonecat | Catfish | Native | ||
| Walleye | Perch | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| White Crappie | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced | |
| White Sucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native | |
| Yellow Perch | Perch | Warmwater | Introduced |