| White Top | |||||||||||||
| Location: | Randolph County, West Virginia | ||||||||||||
| Elevation Ft: | 4085 | ||||||||||||
| Parent Peak: | Cheat Mountain | ||||||||||||
| Range: | Allegheny Mountains | ||||||||||||
| Coordinates: | 38.6244°N -79.8767°W | ||||||||||||
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White Top is a knob and spur of Cheat Mountain in southeastern Randolph County, West Virginia, USA. Sitting at an elevation of, it is located just west of the Shavers Fork of Cheat River and Cheat Bridge. While White Top was originally crossed by the Staunton–Parkersburg Turnpike, modern-day U.S. Route 250 skirts the base of the knob beside Shavers Fork to the north and east.
White Top is perhaps best known as the site of the highest Union camp during the American Civil War. Fort Milroy, also known as Cheat Summit Fort, offered an excellent view of the surrounding area including the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike which crossed about below the fort. In guarding the Turnpike, Fort Milroy helped to guard entrance to the Tygart Valley River valley to the west.
Construction on Fort Milroy (named for Union Brigadier General Robert H. Milroy) began on July 16, 1861.[1] Due to its high elevation, the Union Army faced a number of winter-related miseries. Snow was first reported for the year on August 13. Horses froze to death in mid-September. These issues, along with some success in driving Confederate forces from the area led to the abandonment of the fort in April 1862. One Indiana soldier is quoted as having said this of their departure: "With what a light step all started. Soon on the road turning at the brow of the hill, the fourteenth took what I fondly hope is their last look at Cheat Mountain."
The Cheat Summit Fort site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
A cemetery for those who died at Fort Milroy was built just south of the fort. All bodies were exhumed from the site after the Civil War ended with many being reinterred at West Virginia National Cemetery in Grafton. Depressions from the graves are still visible today.
See main article: article and Cheat Mountain Salamander. White Top is also known as the first location where the Cheat Mountain Salamander was identified. This small vertebrate species was identified in 1935 by M. Graham Netting and Leonard Llewellyn.[2] The salamander is found only on Cheat Mountain and adjacent mountains in the West Virginia highlands.