Battle of Fort Blakeley explained

Conflict:Battle of Fort Blakeley
Partof:the American Civil War
Date:April 2–9, 1865
Place:Baldwin County, Alabama
Coordinates:30.7424°N -87.927°W
Result:Union victory
  • Fort Blakeley surrendered to the U.S.
Combatant1: United States (Union)
Combatant2: CSA (Confederacy)
Commander1:Edward Canby
Frederick Steele[1]
Commander2:St. John R. Liddell
Units1:Army of West Mississippi,
Union ships
Units2:Fort Blakeley Garrison,
Confederate ships
Strength1:45,000
Strength2:4,000
Casualties1:629 on April 9 (150 killed, 650 wounded total)
Casualties2:2,900 (75 killed)

The Battle of Fort Blakeley took place from April 2 to April 9, 1865, in Baldwin County, Alabama, about north of Spanish Fort, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the American Civil War. At the time, Blakeley, Alabama, had been the county seat of Baldwin County.

The Battle of Blakeley was the final major battle of the Civil War, with surrender just hours after Grant had accepted the surrender of Lee at Appomattox on the morning of April 9, 1865. Mobile, Alabama, was the last major Confederate port to be captured by Union forces, on April 12, 1865. After the assassination of President Lincoln on April 15, 1865, other Confederate surrenders continued into June 1865.

Background

Maj. Gen. Edward Canby's Union forces, the XVI and XIII Corps,[2] [3] moved along the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, forcing the Confederates back into their defenses. Union forces then concentrated on Spanish Fort, Alabama, and nearby Fort Blakeley. By April 1, Union forces had enveloped Spanish Fort, thereby releasing more troops to focus on Fort Blakeley. Union forces built three rings of earthworks reaching ever closer until nearly 1000yd from the Fort Blakeley front.[3] Confederate Brig. Gen. St. John R. Liddell, with about 4,000 men, held out against the much larger Union force until Spanish Fort fell on April 8 in the Battle of Spanish Fort. This allowed Canby to concentrate 16,000 men for the attack on Fort Blakeley.

Battle

The final assault began on April 9, led by Brig. Gen. John P. Hawkins. Sheer numbers breached the Confederate earthworks, compelling the Confederates, including Liddell, to surrender within about 30 minutes in the final assault after 5:30 pm.[4]

Aftermath

The casualty figures are approximate, but an estimated 75 Confederate soldiers were killed, with over 2,800 captured, and 150 Union troops were killed with 650 wounded during the siege and assault.[4] The siege and capture of Fort Blakeley was basically the last combined-force battle of the war. Yet, it is criticized by some (such as Ulysses S. Grant) as an ineffective contribution to Union war effort due to Canby's lateness in engaging his troops. The battle was actually fought hours after the Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox. The battle is considered the last major battle of the Civil War[5] [4] with the exception of the Battle of Columbus, Georgia, fought a few days later. African-American forces played a major role in the successful Union attack, with 5,000 colored troops of the Union U.S.C.T. brought through Pensacola, FL.[3]

Two days later, the two nearby island batteries in the Blakeley River were abandoned.[4] After this battle, Union forces were finally able to occupy the city of Mobile, Alabama, on April 12, 1865.[4]

Legacy

The site of the battle is now a historical park, Historic Blakeley State Park. The American Battlefield Trust and its partners, including the Historic Blakeley Foundation, have saved 126 acres of Fort Blakeley Battlefield through mid-2023.[6]

Opposing forces

Confederate

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/operational-art-and-the-campaigns-for-mobile-bay-1864-to-1865-staff-ride-handbook.pdf In tactical command of all troops in front of Fort Blakeley
  2. Web site: Battle of Blakeley . Historical Marker Database . 24 September 2015.
  3. Encyclopedia: Battle of Fort Blakeley . Mike Bunn, Historic Blakeley State Park . Encyclopedia of Alabama . May 2017 . 2017-11-07 .
  4. Web site: Battle of Fort Blakeley . p. 1, paragraph 7 . EncyclopediaOfAlabama.org . 2017 . 2017-11-07 .
  5. Web site: Re-enactors to fire up Civil War battlefield Saturday, marking 150th anniversary of Battle of Fort Blakeley . Anderson . Marc D. . March 26, 2015 . March 26, 2015 . AL.com.
  6. Web site: Fort Blakeley Battlefield. American Battlefield Trust. June 19, 2023.