Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic explained

The foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) are conducted by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of representation offices and embassies in foreign countries.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is the government in exile claiming sovereignty of the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. The Polisario Front, the national liberation movement that administers the SADR, currently controls the area that it calls the Liberated Territories, a strip of Western Sahara territory east of the Moroccan Wall. It also administers the Sahrawi refugee camps at Tindouf, Algeria, where its headquarters are. It has conducted diplomatic relations with states and international organisations since its inception in 1976. In 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 22/29 affirmed for the first time the Sahrawi right on self-determination. In 1979, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37 reaffirmed again the right of the Western Sahara people to self-determination and independence, recognising also the Polisario Front as the representative of the Western Sahara people.

Since the country is not widely recognised, the government has asked Independent Diplomat to serve its interests.[1]

Recognition

. Of these, have "frozen" or "withdrawn" recognition for a number of reasons. Several states that do not recognise the Sahrawi Republic nonetheless recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the population of the Western Sahara, but not as the government-in-exile for a sovereign state. The republic has been a full member of the African Union (AU), formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), since 1984. Morocco withdrew from the OAU in protest and remained the only African nation not within the AU between South Africa's admittance in 1994 and (re-)joining the African Union in 2017. The SADR also participates as guest on meetings of the Non-Aligned Movement[2] [3] or the New Asian–African Strategic Partnership,[4] [5] over Moroccan objections to SADR participation.[6] On the other hand, upholding Moroccan "territorial integrity" is favoured by the Arab League.[7] [8]

Besides Algeria, Mexico, Iran, Venezuela, Vietnam, Nigeria, and South Africa, India was the major middle power to have ever recognised SADR and maintained full diplomatic relations, having allowed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open an embassy in New Delhi in 1985. However, India "withdrew" its recognition in 2000.

As with any fluid political situation, diplomatic recognitions of either party's rights are subject to frequent and sometimes unannounced change.

Bilateral relations

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has, since its proclamation established diplomatic relations with a number of states, mainly in Africa and Latin America, which have recognised its independence. In connection with the "freezing", "withdrawing" and resuming of recognition, similar changes have occurred at the level of diplomatic relations. SADR has stable and developed relationships with states such as Algeria and South Africa.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is represented abroad by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of missions and embassies. Some states that have recognised the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic have elevated the Polisario representation in their country to the status of SADR embassy. The Polisario Front maintains also a network of representations on countries that do not recognized the SADR as a sovereign country, mainly in Europe, with some of them having relations with the host country governments. Representation of foreign countries to the SADR is performed by embassies located abroad, mainly in Algiers, due to the Western Sahara conflict and the settlement of the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria. Strong support of Sahrawi cause from some countries is demonstrated by foreign delegation's visits in Liberated Territories of Western Sahara.

Current diplomatic relations

A total of 36 states presently maintain diplomatic relations with the SADR. Of these, 28 have continuously maintained relations with SADR without any interruptions. As of 6 August 2018, Botswana is the most recent nation to have formally established diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Eight states have frozen or canceled relations with the SADR in the past, but later resumed them. As of 20 September 2022, South Sudan is the most recent nation that reestablished diplomatic relations with SADR.

width=20%State !Relations established Notes
1 [9] Embassy (Algiers)[10] - AU, Arab League, OIC; Algeria–SADR relations
2 Yes Embassy (Luanda)[11] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers) AU
3 [12] Embassy, non-resident (Managua)[13] - -
4 14 November 1982 Embassy, non-resident (Caracas)[14] - Relations were suspended from 20 January 2020[15] to 16 September 2021.[16]
5 [17] Embassy (Gaborone)[18] Embassy, non-resident (Addis Ababa)[19] AU
6 1980s[20] - -
7 [21] - - Relations were frozen from 20 December 2000[22] [23] to 10 August 2022.[24]
8 [25] Embassy (Havana)[26] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[27] Cuba–SADR relations
9 [28] Embassy (Dili)[29] - East Timor–SADR relations
10 Yes Embassy (Quito)[30] [31] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[32] -
11 Yes Embassy (Addis Ababa)[33] Embassy, non-resident (Rome)[34] AU
12 Yes Embassy (Accra)[35] [36] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers) AU
13 [37] [38] - - -
14 [39] Embassy (Nairobi)[40] [41] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[42] AU; Relations were frozen from 18 October 2006[43] to 6 February 2014 or shorter; Kenya–SADR relations
15 [44] Embassy, non-resident (New Delhi) - -
16 Yes Embassy, non-resident (Pretoria) Embassy, non-resident (Kuwait City)[45] AU
17 [46] Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)[47] - AU; Relations are cancelled since 17 January 2014[48] to 23 November 2015.[49]
18 [50] Embassy (Mexico City)[51] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[52] Mexico–SADR relations
19 [53] Embassy (Maputo)[54] - AU, OIC
20 [55] Embassy, non-resident (Luanda)[56] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[57] AU
21 [58] Embassy (Managua)[59] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[60] Relations were frozen from 21 July 2000 to 12 January 2007.[61]
22 [62] Embassy (Abuja)[63] [64] Embassy, non resident (Algiers)[65] AU, OIC; Nigeria–SADR relations
23 [66] - - -
24 [67] Embassy (Panama City)[68] - Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013[69] to 7 January 2016;[70] Panama–SADR relations
25 Yes Embassy, non resident (Kampala)[71] - AU
26 Yes[72] - - AU, OIC
27 [73] Embassy (Pretoria)[74] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[75] AU; SADR–South Africa relations
28 [76] Embassy, non-resident (Addis Ababa)[77] - AU; Relations were cancelled from 30 September 2018[78] to 20 September 2022.[79]
29 Yes Embassy (Dar es Salaam) - AU
30 Yes Embassy (Kampala)[80] Embassy, non-resident (Tripoli)[81] AU, OIC
31 [82] Embassy (Montevideo)[83] - -
32 [84] Embassy, non-resident (Dili) - -
33 [85] Embassy (Caracas) Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[86] SADR–Venezuela relations
34 [87] - Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[88] -
35 [89] Embassy (Harare)[90] [91] [92] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[93] AU

Former diplomatic relations

A total of 16 states or more maintained official diplomatic relations with the SADR in the past; they are currently suspended, frozen or cancelled. As of 12 March 2020, Liberia is the most recent nation to formally cancel diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

width=20%State !Relations established Former Sahrawi mission[94] [95] Notes
1 Yes - - AU; Relations were frozen from 5 May 2006 to 16 June 2008,[96] they are cancelled since 25 October 2010.[97] [98]
2 [99] - - AU; Relations are frozen from 27 July 2007.[100] [101]
3 4 July 1980[102] [103] - - AU; Relations are suspended from 17 March 2006.[104]
4 Yes Embassy, non-resident (Panama City) - Relations are frozen from 22 April 2000.[105] [106] [107]
5 [108] Embassy, non-resident (Managua)[109] Embassy, non-resident (New York City) Relations were cancelled from April 1997 to 6 June 2009 at the latest.[110] They were cancelled again on 15 June 2019.[111]
6 [112] [113] Embassy, non-resident (Caracas)[114] [115] [116] [117] - OIC; Relations are cancelled since 14 November 2020.[118]
7 Yes Embassy (Bissau) - AU, OIC; Relations are cancelled since 30 March 2010.[119]
8 [120] Embassy (Port-au-Prince) - Relations are cancelled since 2 October 2013.[121]
9 1985[122] Embassy (New Delhi)[123] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[124] Relations are cancelled since 26 June 2000.[125]
10 30 October 2012 or before[126] Embassy, non-resident - AU; Relations were suspended after Liberia opened a consulate in Dakhla, which is controlled by Morocco.[127]
11 29 January 1978[128] Embassy (Antananarivo) - AU; Relations are frozen from 6 April 2005.[129] [130]
12 [131] [132] Embassy, non-resident (Nairobi)[133] [134] [135] Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)[136] AU; Relations were cancelled from 27 December 2002[137] to 1 February 2008[138] and from 16 September 2008[139] [140] to 6 March 2014 or shorter. They were cancelled again from 5 May 2017.[141]
13 [142] [143] Embassy, non-resident (Montevideo)[144] - Relations were frozen from 25 July 2000 to 12 August 2008,[145] they are suspended from 3 January 2014.[146] [147]
14 Peru[148] Embassy (Lima) -

See main article: Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations. Relations were frozen from 9 September 1996[149] to 8 September 2021;[150] suspended in September 2023.[151]

15 [152] Embassy, non-resident (Tindouf)[153] [154] - Relations are frozen from 15 February 2013.[155]
16 Yes Embassy, non-resident (Antananarivo,[156] then Algiers)[157] - AU; Relations are cancelled since 17 March 2008.[158]
17 Yes Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)[159] [160] - AU; Relations were cancelled from 29 March 2011.[161] [162] to 21 November 2012.[163] Relations were cancelled again on 25 February 2017.[164]

Relations with international organisations

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic holds either 'member' or 'observer' status in several international organisations. It participates in the activities of organisations that have formalised its membership, as well as in activities of other organizations as a guest participant. The SADR is usually represented by a Government or national organisations such as the Sahrawi Trade Union.

International OrganisationStatusRepresentationApplication dateAdmission dateNotes
African Union (AU; formerly Organization for African Unity)memberSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic23 June 1980[165] 31 August 1981[166] SADR representative is Vice President of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) from May 2015.[167]
Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africamember[168] [169] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
International Coalition against Enforced Disappearancesmember[170] Association of the Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared (AFAPREDESA)
International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY)memberSahrawi Youth Union (UJSARIO) UJSARIO representative was one of IUSY Vice Presidents for 2012–2014.[171]
Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU)member[172] [173] Sahrawi Lawyers’ Union
Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF)memberNational Union of Sahrawi Women (UNMS)
World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY)member[174] Sahrawi Youth Union
World Federation of Trade UnionsmemberSahrawi Trade Union (UGTSARIO)28 March 2000[175]
Non-member status
participantSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - - SADR participated in all AU-EU Summits. In 2017, SADR participated on 5th Summit in Abidjan, Morocco's attempts to exclude SADR was thwarted.[176] [177]
Andean Community of Nationsobserver[178] Sahrawi National CouncilSeptember 2011[179] 26 October 2011[180]
Central American Parliament (PARLACEN)participantSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - - SADR participated in the opening conference of the PARLACEN, July 2010.[181]
Ibero-American SummitparticipantPolisario Front - - Polisario Front participated in 22nd Ibero-American Summit in Cádiz, November 2012.[182]
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societiesobserver[183] Sahrawi Red CrescentApril 1977[184]
New Asian–African Strategic Partnership (NAASP)participant[185] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - - SADR participated in first senior officials meeting of the NAASP in Durban, September 2006.[186]
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)guest[187] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - - SADR participated as guest in 16th Summit of NAM in Tehran, August 2012.
Permanent Conference of Political Parties of the Latin American and the Caribbean
(COPPPAL)
participant[188] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - - SADR participated in COPPPAL meeting in Managua, September 2006.[189]
SADR delegation participated in meeting of COPPPAL and ICAPP in Mexico City, October 2012.[190]
participant[191] Polisario Front - -
Socialist Internationalconsultative memberPolisario Front30 June 2008[192] Admitted as observer member. Promoted to consultative member in 2017.[193]

International treaties and conventions

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has signed a number of international treaties, conventions, protocols and charters negotiated in the context of the African Union. SADR participates in protection of human rights, common defense or trade liberalisation by signature of following agreements.

International treaty or conventionSignatureRatificationNotes
African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance[194]
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights[195]
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child[196] -
African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration[197] -
African Continental Free Trade Agreement[198] - A trade agreement between some African Union member states which will establish the African Continental Free Trade Area.
African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba)[199]
AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption[200]
AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention)[201]
AU Non-aggression and Common Defence Pact[202]
Convention of the African Energy Commission[203]
Geneva Conventions[204] Polisario Front made a unilateral declaration under Article 93.3 of Protocol I to apply the four Conventions and Protocol I in the Western Sahara conflict with Morocco. Polisario Front is not recognized as a party of Conventions, but declaration was accepted by the depositary of Convenions (Swiss Federal Council).[205] [206]
OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism[207]
[208] -
[209]
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa[210] -
Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC Treaty)[211] [212] SADR signed to the AEC Treaty,[213] but not participates in any of the AEC pillars.

Participation in international sports federations

In 2015, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic participated for the first time in the All Africa Games, the biggest African multi-sports event.

International OrganisationStatusRepresentationApplication dateAdmission dateNotes
African Union Sports Council[214] memberSahrawi Ministry of Youth and Sports[215] In September 2015, Sahrawi Republic participated in the 11th All Africa Games.[216]
N.F.-Board[217] provisional memberSahrawi Football FederationDecember 2003In 2012, a Sahrawi team participated for the first time in the Viva World Cup hosted by Iraqi Kurdistan.
memberSahrawi Football FederationAugust 2016

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Thomas Frear: The foreign policy options of a small unrecognised state: the case of Abkhazia, in: Caucasus Survey, Vol. 1 (2014), No. 2, pp. 83-107 (here: p. 97), DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2014.11417293.
  2. News: NAM reiterates support to right of Saharawi people to determination . . 2012-08-30 . 2012-09-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150429234549/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/nam-reiterates-support-right-saharawi-people-determination . 2015-04-29 .
  3. News: Algeria praises NAM's continued support to struggle of Saharawi people for self-determination. Sahara Press Service. 2012-09-02. 2012-09-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113235/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/algeria-praises-nam%E2%80%99s-continued-support-struggle-saharawi-people-self-determination. 2013-12-24.
  4. News: South Africa. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2006-09-09. 2012-09-27.
  5. Web site: Asia-Afro partnership meeting kicked off today . 2006-09-01 . South African Broadcasting Corporation . 2006-09-01 . South African Broadcasting Corporation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124001/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/government/0,2172,134138,00.html . September 29, 2007 .
  6. Web site: Moroccan objections taint Asian-Africa meeting . 2006-09-02 . South African Broadcasting Corporation . 2006-09-02 . South African Broadcasting Corporation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131616/http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/general/0,2172,134161,00.html . September 29, 2007 .
  7. News: Arab League supports Morocco's territorial integrity . Arabic News . 1999-01-08 . 2012-08-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120907145632/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/990108/1999010849.html . 2012-09-07 .
  8. News: Arab League withdraws inaccurate Moroccan maps . Arabic News . 1998-12-17 . 2012-08-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120907145653/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/981217/1998121758.html . 2012-09-07 .
  9. Book: Virginia McLean Thompson . The Western Saharans: Background to Conflict . Virginia Thompson . Richard Adloff . Croom Helm . 1980 . 0-7099-0369-3 . 286 . 7 August 2011.
  10. Web site: Embajada de la RASD en Argelia. Embajada de la RASD en Argelia. es. 2012-11-14.
  11. Web site: Embaixadas em Angola - Embaixada Sahara Democratica. Portal da República de Angola. pt. 2012-11-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20121108075641/http://www.angola.gov.ao/EmbaixadasConsulados/embaixadas_em_angola.html. 2012-11-08. dead.
  12. Web site: Diplomatic Relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf . 30 December 2017 . 30 December 2016.
  13. Web site: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Belize. 2012-03-15. dead. https://archive.today/20120630101025/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/ct.asp?xItem=1762&ctNode=23&mp=26. 2012-06-30.
  14. News: Cinco nuevos embajadores presentaron cartas credenciales. El Diario. 2011-03-25. es. 2012-03-16.
  15. Web site: Western Sahara: Bolivia Withdraws its Recognition of Polisario's Self-Styled SADR. Morocco World News. 21 January 2020.
  16. Web site: El Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia fortalece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática. Bolivia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 16 September 2021.
  17. News: Sahrawi Republic and Botswana establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level . . 2018-08-06. 2018-09-03 .
  18. News: Saharawi Ambassador presents letters of credentials to President of Botswana . . 2019-08-12. 2022-09-19. "The Sahrawi Republic opened a new Embassy in Botswana starting this June"
  19. News: Le Botswana désigne son 1er ambassadeur en République sahraouie . Algérie Presse Service . Fr .
  20. Web site: List of member states of the United Nations (193) having diplomatic relations with Cambodia. November 25, 2019. June 9, 2022. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.
  21. News: 11 August 2022 . Colombia restablece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Saharaui . 29 June 2023.
  22. Web site: States which recognize the SADR. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2009. 2012-07-21.
  23. News: Saharauis piden a Colombia restablecer relaciones. El Tiempo . es . 2006-02-15. 2015-11-28.
  24. Web site: Colombia restablece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Saharaui. 10 August 2022. infobae.
  25. News: Cuba y la RASD celebran 30 años de relaciones diplomáticas . Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Cuba . 2010-01-05 . es . 2012-03-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130120032653/http://www.cubaminrex.cu/Actualidad/2010/Febrero/Cuba%20y%20la%20RASD.html . 2013-01-20 .
  26. Web site: Representaciones Diplomáticas y Consulares acreditadas en Cuba . Ministry of Foreign Affairs . 2011-02-20 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110113131822/http://www.cubaminrex.cu/DirectorioDiplomatico/Articulos/Cuba/S.html . 2011-01-13 . "Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática"
  27. Web site: Embajada de Cuba en Argelia, concurrencias en República Saharaui Democrática, República Islámica de Mauritania. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Cuba. es. 2012-03-16. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120605061748/http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/argelia/ES/Inicio.aspx. 2012-06-05.
  28. Web site: On the establishment of diplomatic relations between East Timor and the SADR. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2012-08-22.
  29. News: Fourth Committee Approves Five Consensus Texts Reaffirming Inalienable Right to Self-Determination and Independence. United Nations General Assembly. Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York. 2011-10-10. 2012-03-23. Lisualdo Gaspar, Director of Bilateral Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Timor‑Leste: "In fact, he added, Timor‑Leste had accorded full diplomatic representation to the Embassy of the "Saharawi Republic" in its capital, Dili, in 2010"
  30. Web site: Saharauis abren embajada en Ecuador . Aeronoticias . es . 2015-09-29 . 2015-10-05.
  31. News: Peru: COPESA calls for restoring diplomatic relations with SADR . . 2015-10-05 . 2015-10-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151006030441/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/peru-copesa-calls-restoring-diplomatic-relations-sadr . 2015-10-06 . "...appointment of the Saharawi diplomat... as the first resident ambassador in Quito, Ecuador"
  32. News: Ecuador appoints its UN permanent representative as ambassador to the Saharawi Republic. Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-21. 2012-03-16. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160116004244/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/ecuador-appoints-its-un-permanent-representative-ambassador-saharawi-republic. 2016-01-16.
  33. Web site: Government of Ethiopia. Embassy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2012-03-15. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080907170312/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Consular_Affair_Diplomatic/Diplomatic_List.php. 2008-09-07.
  34. Web site: Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Rome – Italy. Ethioembassy.org.uk. 2012-03-17. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20060925015113/http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/embassies/lists/embassies.htm. 2006-09-25.
  35. News: Six Ambassadors to Ghana present Credentials. https://archive.today/20120715045246/http://gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.334000.1.554783. dead. 2012-07-15. Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. 2012-03-17.
  36. News: Sahrawi Ambassador presents his credentials to Ghanaian President. Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-09. 2012-03-17. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110911184208/http://spsrasd.info/en/content/sahrawi-ambassador-presents-his-credentials-ghanaian-president. 2011-09-11.
  37. News: La RASD y Honduras deciden establecer relaciones diplomáticas. es. Sahara Press Service. 2013-06-06. 2013-06-10. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140416235630/http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/la-rasd-y-honduras-deciden-establecer-relaciones-diplom%C3%A1ticas. 2014-04-16.
  38. Web site: Comunicado conjunto. es. Voz del Sahara Occidental en Argentina. 2013-06-10.
  39. Web site: SADR and Zambia establish diplomatic relations. 11 July 2005. 25 August 2013. Sahrawi Press Service. https://web.archive.org/web/20081013040618/http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e110705.html. 13 October 2008.
  40. News: Opening of Saharawi embassy in Nairobi. Sahara Press Service. 2014-02-06. 2014-03-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222130725/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/opening-saharawi-embassy-nairobi. 2014-02-22.
  41. News: Sahrawi Republic opens embassy in Nairobi. Ramadhan Rajab. The Star. 2014-02-07. 2014-02-09. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222173735/http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-154221/sahrawi-republic-opens-embassy-nairobi. 2014-02-22.
  42. Web site: Statement by Ambassador Peter Katana Angore After Presentation of Letters of Credence to the President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic . Embassy of the Republic of Kenya . 2022-05-20 . 2022-09-19.
  43. News: Kenya: Why Links with Sahrawi Were Shortlived. AllAfrica.com (The Standard). Muniu Riunge. 2007-02-25. 2012-03-14.
  44. Web site: List of states with whom Lao has set up diplomatic relation since 1950. Lao embassy in Hanoi. 2012-03-15. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120317184901/http://www.embalaohanoi.gov.la/list%20of%20states%20with%20whom%20lao%20has%20set%20up%20diplomatic%20relation%20since%201950/LIST%20OF%20STATES%20WITH%20WHOM%20LAO%20PDR%20.htm. 2012-03-17.
  45. Web site: Lesotho diplomatic missions – Lesotho Embassy in Kuwait. Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho in Ireland. 2020-01-29.
  46. News: The Diplomat -Newsletter- issue nº 7 . Republic of Mauritius - Ministry of Foreign affairs, Regional integration and International trade . July 2011 . 2012-02-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111215155331/http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/mfasite/files/NEWSLETTER_07.pdf . 2011-12-15 . Arvin Boolell: "Mauritius has consistently supported the right to self-determination andindependence of the people of Western Sahara and entertains close diplomatic relations with the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) since 1983."
  47. Web site: Diplomatic Corps - Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic. Republic of Mauritius - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade. 2012-03-23. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111114153419/http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/mfasite/menuitem.ffa978de447e54b156ae474120c521ca/?content_id=5aa0f05fda0e7010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD. 2011-11-14.
  48. Web site: Republic of Mauritius withdraws its recognition of the so-called SADR . TopWireNews.com . 2014-01-20 . 2014-03-22.
  49. Web site: Mauritius re-establishes diplomatic relations with SADR. 2015-11-23. 2015-11-25. SADR Permanent Mission in Ethiopia and African Union. https://web.archive.org/web/20151126061044/http://www.sadr-emb-au.net/mauritius-re-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-sadr/. 2015-11-26. dead.
  50. News: Las Relaciones México y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática. Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática en México. es. 2012-03-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120306095322/http://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org/rasd-en-mexico/rel-diplomaticas.html. 2012-03-06.
  51. Web site: Representaciones Diplomáticas acreditada en México - República Árabe Saharaui Democrática. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, México. es. 2012-03-22.
  52. Web site: Misiones de México en el Exterior: Organización de las Naciones Unidas O.N.U. . Government of Mexico . es . 2015-12-16 . 2015-12-26 . 2016-01-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160105125712/http://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/misiones-de-mexico-en-el-exterior/onu . dead . "Enlace con: ...República Árabe Saharaui Democrática..."
  53. Book: SPSC Letter . Saharan Peoples Support Committee . 1980 . 1 . 36 . 1.
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  57. News: La embajadora de Namibia para la RASD presenta sus credenciales al Presidente de la República en TT.LL. Sahara Press Service. 2018-08-03. 2018-09-05. es. 2021-02-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20210226050246/http://www.spsrasd.info/news/es/articles/2018/03/08/14099.html. dead.
  58. Web site: 2004 . Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 2002 . 21 July 2023 . 657–667 . es.
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  62. News: Foreign Affairs Minister congratulates his Nigerian counterpart. Sahara Press Service. 2015-11-20. 2016-01-26. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160201055908/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/foreign-affairs-minister-congratulates-his-nigerian-counterpart. 2016-02-01.
  63. News: Nigeria committed to August 14 Bakassi handover-President Yar'Adua. NigeriaFirst.org - Official Website of the State House, Abuja. 2008-07-25. 2012-03-23. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120415013532/http://www.nigeriafirst.org/article_8324.shtml. 2012-04-15.
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  65. News: Bidding farewell to outgoing Ambassador of Nigeria to SADR . . 2016-01-25 . 2016-01-26 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160126093900/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/bidding-farewell-outgoing-ambassador-nigeria-sadr . 2016-01-26 .
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  69. Web site: Declaración de suspensión de relaciones diplomáticas con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática. 2013-11-20. 2013-11-22. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Panama. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232532/http://mire.gob.pa/noticias/2013/11/20/declaracion-de-suspension-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-la-republica-arabe-saha. 2013-12-02.
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  71. Web site: President Kagame receives credentials of six new Ambassadors. Republic of Rwanda - Office of the president. 2011-12-06. 2012-03-22.
  72. News: Special envoy brings President Koroma good message. State house - The Republic of Sierra Leone. 2011-06-20. 2012-03-22.
  73. Web site: Bilateral agreements signed by South Africa between 01-01-1994 until 15-04-2011. Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Republic of South Africa . 2012-11-15. "Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic - Joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations"
  74. Web site: Foreign Representatives in South Africa - Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (Embassy of the Saharawi Republic). Department: International Relations and Cooperation - Republic of South Africa. 2012-03-23.
  75. Web site: Welcome to the Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Algiers. SA Embassy in Algeria. 2012-11-15. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121007222703/http://www.saealgiers.com/en/page/home. 2012-10-07. "Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Algeria also accredited to the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  76. News: Establishment of diplomatic relations between Republic of South Sudan and Saharawi Republic. Sahara Press Service. 2011-07-10. 2012-03-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120415032643/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/establishment-diplomatic-relations-between-republic-south-sudan-and-saharawi-republic. 2012-04-15.
  77. News: SADR takes part on eighth conference of the AU Population Commission. Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-17. 2012-03-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120501181400/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/sadr-takes-part-eighth-conference-au-population-commission. 2012-05-01.
  78. Web site: South Sudan Denounces Western Sahara Independent State . Taarifa Rwanda.
  79. Web site: Sudán del Sur decide restablecer las relaciones con la RASD. es. South Sudan decides to reestablish relations with SADR. Sahrawi Press Service. 20 September 2022. 20 September 2022. 3 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230203205114/https://www.spsrasd.info/news/es/articles/2022/09/20/41686.html. dead.
  80. Web site: Sahrawi. Ministry of Foreign Affairs - The Republic of Uganda. 2012-03-15. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120315174947/http://www.mofa.go.ug/tradeainvestment/middle-east/sahrawi.html. 2012-03-15.
  81. Web site: Message from the Ambassador. Embassy of the Republic of Uganda, Libya. 2012-03-20. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160105042135/http://www.ugembassylibya.org/ambassador. 2016-01-05.
  82. News: Uruguay establece relaciones diplomáticas con país árabe - La Cancillería dio a conocer un Comunicado Conjunto sobre el establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre la República Oriental del Uruguay y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática.. Presidencia - República Oriental del Uruguay. es. 2005-12-26. 2012-03-20. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130702123735/http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/12/2005122611.htm. 2013-07-02.
  83. Web site: República Árabe Saharaui Democrática. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores - Uruguay. es. 2012-03-20.
  84. News: Vanuatu and the Saharawi Republic establish diplomatic relations at Ambassadorial level. UPES. 2008-08-01. 2012-03-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20160808205116/http://www.upes.org/body1_eng.asp?field=sosio_eng&id=1095. 2016-08-08. dead.
  85. News: Venezuela y la República Saharaui continúan cooperación bilateral. https://web.archive.org/web/20160116004244/http://www.mre.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3691:venezuela-y-la-republica-saharaui-continuan-cooperacion-bilateral&catid=5:venezuela-en-africa&Itemid=5. dead. 2016-01-16. Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores - Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. es. 2010-04-28. 2012-03-22.
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  87. Web site: General Information about Countries and Regions. 2013-08-25. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam.
  88. Web site: Biography Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Algeria. 22 November 2017. Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria. 5/2016: Nommé Ambassadeur plénipotentiaire et extraordinaire du Vietnam en République algérienne démocratique et populaire, République du Mali, ... et République arabe Sarahouie démocratique.. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030637/https://vnembassy-alger.mofa.gov.vn/en-us/embassy/Ambassador/Biography%20Ambassador/Pages/default.aspx. 2017-12-01. dead.
  89. News: Announcement of the opening of an embassy for the Saharawi Republic in Zimbabwe. Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-17. 2012-03-22. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120424023244/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/announcement-opening-embassy-saharawi-republic-zimbabwe. 2012-04-24.
  90. News: New Sahrawi Ambassador presents his credentials to President of Zimbabwe. Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-09. 2012-03-19. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110911184152/http://spsrasd.info/en/content/new-sahrawi-ambassador-presents-his-credentials-president-zimbabwe. 2011-09-11.
  91. News: Zim polls: No role for UK, EU. The Herald. 2012-09-09. 2012-03-19.
  92. http://saharawiembassy-harare.blogspot.com.es/ Embassy of the Saharawi Republic in Zimbabwe
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  94. The number of former embassies which existed in the past is likely to be more, but for any embassies to/of states that "withdrew" or "froze" recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources.
  95. The former embassies usually continue to work, but as a unilateral Representative Offices without diplomatic privileges from the host country.
  96. News: SADR Recognition reaffirmed . ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2008-06-17 . 2010-06-09.
  97. News: Burundi withdraws recognition of 'SADR'. 2010-10-25 . 2012-09-22. Maghreb Arab Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20101027183913/http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/politics/burundi_withdraws_re/view . 2010-10-27.
  98. News: Visite d'adieu d'Aziria Abdelkader, Ambassadeur algerien au Burundi. fr. Républic de Burundi - Portail du Gouvernement. 2012-03-13. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130313165515/http://www.burundi-gov.bi/Visite-d-adieu-d-Aziria-Abdelkader. 2013-03-13. "Malgré le gel de la reconnaissance de la République Arabe de Sahraoui Démocratique, les relations entre les deux pays se sont nettement renforcées, a martelé l’Autorité burundaise."
  99. Web site: Relações diplomáticas da República de Cabo Verde - África. https://archive.today/20120805052440/http://www.mirex.gov.cv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:relacoes-bilaterais&catid=69:geral&Itemid=35. dead. 2012-08-05. Ministério das Relações Exteriores - República de Cabo Verde. pt. 2012-03-15.
  100. News: Sáhara Occidental-Cabo Verde. Por un puñado de dólares. https://web.archive.org/web/20150514222115/http://domino.ips.org/ips%5Cesp.nsf/vwWebMainView/4F06658D4F69BC80C1257328006F0624/. dead. May 14, 2015. Por Mario de Queiroz. 2007-07-30. 2012-10-03. es.
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  102. Web site: El Chad y la República Saharaui elevan sus relaciones diplomáticas a nivel de embajadores. 17 July 2007. 25 August 2013. Sahrawi Press Service. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061949/http://archives.spsrasd.info/es/infos/2007/07/sps-s170707.html . 18 January 2014. dmy-all . fr.
  103. Web site: Mise au point . 20 July 2007 . 26 August 2013 . Government of Chad . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225816/http://www.primature-tchad.org/?2007%2F07%2F20%2F561-mise-au-point . 27 September 2007 . dead . dmy-all . fr. "deux parties ont décidé d’élever leurs relations diplomatiques"
  104. Web site: Sahara : l'effet Sassou Nguesso. 20 March 2006. 24 August 2013. Aujourd'hui Le Maroc. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116190145/http://www.aujourdhui.ma/maroc-actualite/societe/sahara-l-effet-sassou-nguesso-40012.html. 16 January 2014. dmy-all.
  105. News: Costa Rica reafirma decisión de congelar relaciones con República del Sahara. . es . 2000-06-05. 2012-08-22.
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  107. News: El Sahara quiere descongelar relaciones con Costa Rica . es. . 2008-06-05 . 2012-08-22.
  108. News: Canciller Martínez apoya solución pacífica y negociada en el Sahara Occidental. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador. es. 2010-11-29. 2012-03-16.
  109. Web site: Presidente Sánchez Cerén recibe cartas credenciales de nuevos embajadores concurrentes para El Salvador . Government of El Salvador . es . 2017-09-26 . 2018-11-11 . República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (con sede en Nicaragua), lo hizo Sueilima Tieb Ahmed Salem . 2018-11-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181111044049/http://www.presidencia.gob.sv/presidente-sanchez-ceren-recibe-cartas-credenciales-de-nuevos-embajadores-concurrentes-para-el-salvador/ . dead .
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  111. Web site: Morocco wins Salvador's support on Sahara issue . THE NORTH AFRICA POST.
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  118. Web site: Co-operative Republic of Guyana withdraws its recognition of the so-called "sadr" . RNA NEWS.
  119. News: Guinea Bissau withdraw its recognition of SADR and supports the autonomy initiative. 2012-09-22. 2010-03-30. es. . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719235533/http://www.adn.es/internacional/20100330/NWS-2715-RASD-Bissau-Guinea-reconocimiento-iniciativa.html. 2011-07-19.
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  121. Web site: Communique. 2013-10-02. 2013-10-15. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Haiti.
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  123. Web site: Embassies . GoAbroad. 2012-11-15.
  124. Web site: Annual Reports 1987-88 . Ministry of External Affairs Library, New Delhi . 2013-03-26. "With the opening of the Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) in Delhi, India's Ambassador to Algeria was concurrently accredited to the SADR."
  125. News: Derecognition of Western Sahara. Punyapriya Dasgupta. . 2000-08-12. "The government of India has decided, suddenly without any explanation, to withdraw the recognition granted in 1985 to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  126. News: Indian And Spanish Ambassadors Present Letters of Credence To President Sirleaf. https://web.archive.org/web/20130313235825/http://www.mofa.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=711. dead. 2013-03-13. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia. 2012-10-24. 2012-11-18.
  127. Web site: Liberia Officially Opens Consulate in Morocco's Dakhla. Morocco World News. 12 March 2020.
  128. Book: ARR Arab Report and Record . Economic Features, Limited . 1978 . 59 . The SADR and Madagascar had agreed to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level, the Algiers daily El-Moudjahid reported on 29 January..
  129. Web site: Recognition freeze. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2005-04-06. 2012-08-26.
  130. News: Madagascar freezes recognition of so-called Sahrawi Republic . Arabic News . 2005-04-07 . 2012-09-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005102/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/050407/2005040718.html . 2013-12-03 .
  131. Web site: La RASD et le Malawi établissent des relations diplomatiques. 2002-03-25. 2013-08-26. Sahrawi Press Service. fr. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140118072958/http://archives.spsrasd.info/sps-250302.html. 2014-01-18.
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  134. News: Cyprus forecasts vibrant economy for Malawi . . 2014-03-07 . 2014-03-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140312012910/http://www.manaonline.gov.mw/index.php/business/item/1561-cyprus-forecasts-vibrant-economy-for-malawi . 2014-03-12 .
  135. News: New Zealand to promote netball in Mw. Malawi Broadcasting Corporation. 2014-03-07. 2014-03-11. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140312022845/http://www.mbc.mw/index.php/local-news/item/1419-he-receives-letters-of-credence. 2014-03-12.
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  138. Web site: The Saharawi Republic and Malawi establish diplomatic relations. 2008-02-02. 2012-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20130731125638/http://www.upes.org/body1_eng.asp?field=sosio_eng&id=798. 2013-07-31. dead.
  139. News: Sahara issue: Malawi withdraws its recognition of the so-called SADR . . 2011-08-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110204191037/http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/sahara/sahara_issue__malawi/view . February 4, 2011 .
  140. News: Sahara issue: Malawi withdraws its recognition of the so-called SADR. Actualités&Revue De Presse Maghreb. 2008-09-16. 2012-09-22. dead. https://archive.today/20130219050510/http://morocco.marweb.ma/politics/moroccan-sahara-issue-malawi-recognition-sadr.txt. 2013-02-19.
  141. Web site: 2017-05-05 . Malawi Withdraws Its Recognition of Polisario's Self-proclaimed SADR . 2024-08-06 . Morocco World News . en.
  142. News: Paraguay y República Árabe resuelven impulsar relaciones bilaterales. La Nación. es. 2011-08-19. 2012-03-15. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213029/http://www.lanacion.com.py/articulo.php?art=35228. 2014-01-04.
  143. News: Paraguay y República Árabe estrechan relaciones bilaterales. ABC Digital. es. 2011-08-19. 2012-03-15.
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  145. News: Paraguay and the Saharawi Republic resume diplomatic relations (Paraguayan Minister) . . 2008-08-12 . 2010-06-09 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081025021243/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=2291 . October 25, 2008 .
  146. Web site: Declaración del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2014-01-03. 2014-03-22. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores - Paraguay. es. https://web.archive.org/web/20140322113712/http://www.mre.gov.py/v1/Noticias/1323-declaracin-del-ministerio-de-relaciones-exteriores.aspx. 2014-03-22. dead.
  147. Web site: Paraguay suspende relación con Saharaui. 2014-01-04. 2014-03-26. ABC color. es.
  148. Web site: Establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre el Perú y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática . dead . https://archive.today/20120908223859/http://www.rree.gob.pe/portal/Tratados.nsf/b57222c79a152dcb052575d700512a9d/6d887b45ac5f46bd05256e8300677c50?OpenDocument . September 8, 2012 . 2012-04-24 . Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú . es.
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  150. Web site: September 8, 2021 . Restablecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con la RASD . September 10, 2021 . gob.pe . Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  151. News: 9 September 2023 . Perú rompe relaciones diplomáticas con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática . es . 9 September 2023.
  152. Web site: Joint Statement: Recognition of the SADR by the Government of St. Vincent and The Grenadines. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2012-11-15.
  153. Web site: Diplomatic missions accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 2014-04-16. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140417020540/http://www.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/Foreign_Affairs/Diplomatic/diplomatic%20missions%20accredited%20to%20st.%20vincent%20and%20the%20grenadines.pdf. 2014-04-17. "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, C/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  154. Web site: Ambassadors/High Commissioners-Designate. Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 2014. 2014-04-16. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140416220630/http://www.gov.vc/foreign/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=254&Itemid=269. 2014-04-16. "Sahrawi Arab Republic,H. E. Mr. Abd Mohamed Yahia, Ambassador"
  155. News: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines freezes recognition of pseudo "SADR". Morocco World News. 2013-02-15. 2013-08-20.
  156. Web site: Boletín informativo. Año 2. Mayo 1997. Nº 9 - Presentación de Cartas Credenciales. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. es. May 1997. 2012-12-01.
  157. Web site: Diplomatic missions accredited to the Seychelles. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Seychelles. 2012-12-01. 2013-12-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222918/http://seychellesconsul.com/index.php?formID=3&id=148. dead.
  158. News: Seychelles withdraws recognition for SADR. 2011-08-07. AfrikNews. 2008-03-18.
  159. Web site: Western Sahara: Sahrawi Ambassador Presents His Credentials to Zambian President . . 2016-02-18 . 2016-02-20 . Mr. Brahim Salem Buseif presented Wednesday his credentials to President of the Republic of Zambia Mr. Edgar Chagwa Lungu.
  160. Web site: Western Sahara: Establishment of Tanzanian-Saharawi Solidarity Committee TASSC . . 2015-07-27 . 2016-02-20 . SADR embassy in Dar es Salaam...Saharawi Ambassador Brahim Salem Buseif.
  161. News: Zambia withdraws recognition of 'Sahrawi Republic'. Middle East Online. 2011-04-03. 2011-08-07. 2017-10-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20171028050012/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=45304. dead.
  162. News: Zambia withdraws recognition of so-called SADR. Maroc.ma. Gouvernement Du Royaume Du Maroc. 2012-08-25. https://archive.today/20130219013152/http://www.maroc.ma/PortailInst/An/Actualites/Zambia+withdraws+recognition+of+socalled+SADR.htm. 2013-02-19. dead.
  163. News: Zambia reafirma su apoyo al pueblo saharaui y a las relaciones con RASD . es . . 2012-11-21 . 2012-11-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232829/http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/zambia-reafirma-su-apoyo-al-pueblo-saharaui-y-las-relaciones-con-rasd . 2013-12-02 .
  164. Web site: Zambia has reiterated its decision to withdraw its recognition of the self-proclaimed Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic . Moroccoworldnews.
  165. Book: Aguirre . Diego . Ramón . Jose . Guerra en el Sáhara. 1991 . 242 . 84-7090-252-0. "On June 23 the Sahrawi Republic had applied for its admission to the O.U.A., as because of the successive recognitions of African countries, 26 of 50 members recognized the S.A.D.R. and were favorable to the admission in accordance to article 28 of the O.U.A. Charter, that demanded a simple majority."
  166. Book: Aguirre . Diego . Ramón . Jose . Guerra en el Sáhara. 1991 . 247 . 84-7090-252-0. "on August 31 General Secretary Edem Kodjo had communicated the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic government their admission to the Organization for the African Unity as member nº 51 according to article 28 of the O.A.U. Charter, as 26 states supported the S.A.D.R., representing a simple majority over 50 so it was, then, a mere administrative proceeding competence of the General Secretary"
  167. Web site: PAP Elects New Second Vice President. Pan-African Parliament. 2013-05-13. 2013-05-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113161303/http://blog.pan-africanparliament.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/PR5-ENG.pdf. 2013-11-13.
  168. Web site: Members . 20 March 2015 . Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA) . 2015-07-01.
  169. Web site: Sahrawi Republic attends the Twelfth Conference of African security services and intelligence. Sahara Press Service. 2015-06-10. 2015-07-01. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150701220932/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/sahrawi-republic-attends-twelfth-conference-african-security-services-and-intelligence. 2015-07-01.
  170. Web site: members of ICAED . International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances . 2016-01-23.
  171. Web site: New IUSY Presidium 2012-2014. IUSY. 2012-04-25. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130926115814/http://www.iusy.org/es/component/content/article/13-presidium/207-new-iusy-presidium-2012-2014. 2013-09-26.
  172. Web site: Saharawi Lawyers' Union takes part in Pan-African Lawyers Union Triennial General Assembly and Conference in Yaounde. Sahara Press Service. 2014-06-08. 2014-06-11. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125104/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/saharawi-lawyers%E2%80%99-union-takes-part-pan-african-lawyers-union-triennial-general-assembly-and-. 2014-07-14.
  173. Web site: Pan African Lawyers Union affirms support for Sahrawi people's right to self-determination. Sahara Press Service. 2014-06-10. 2014-06-11. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714161630/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/pan-african-lawyers-union-affirms-support-sahrawi-people%E2%80%99s-right-self-determination. 2014-07-14.
  174. Web site: African Member Organizations . World Federation of Democratic Youth . 2015 . 2015-01-25 . 2015-01-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113321/http://www.wfdy.org/african-member-organizations/?language=en . dead .
  175. Web site: Report on the World Trade Union situation and WFTU activities since the 14th congress . World Federation of Trade Unions. 2005-12-01 . 2012-11-15. "New affiliations with the WFTU - No.12, Western Sahara, UGTSARIO"
  176. News: SADR partakes, without any complex, in AU-EU Summit . . 2017-11-30 . 2017-10-12.
  177. News: 5th AU-EU Summit: SADR's participation, "victory for Sahrawi people" . . 2017-12-01 . 2017-10-12.
  178. In the framework of the Andean Parliament.
  179. News: Venezuela es invitada por el Parlamento Andino a volver a la Comunidad Andina . Parlamento Andino . es . 2011-10-14 . 2012-03-10 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111216085021/http://www.parlamentoandino.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=379%3Avenezuela-es-invitada-por-el-parlamento-andino-a&catid=2%3Asala&Itemid=28 . 2011-12-16 .
  180. News: Saharawi National Council granted observer membership in the Andino Parliament. Sahara Press Service. 2011-10-29. 2012-03-10. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150509091904/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/saharawi-national-council-granted-observer-membership-andino-parliament. 2015-05-09.
  181. News: Saharawi Ambassador to Nicaragua participates in meetings of PARLACEN . Sahara Press Service. 2010-07-01 . 2010-07-02.
  182. News: Polisario Front calls on Ibero-American states to help settling Western Sahara conflict. Sahara Press Service. 2012-11-17. 2012-12-10. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150509030738/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/polisario-front-calls-ibero-american-states-help-settling-western-sahara-conflict. 2015-05-09.
  183. News: Building a life in the desert . Refugee Participation Network . Refugee Studies Program . 18–21 . February 1990 . 2012-11-16 . 2010-05-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100518161816/http://www.fmreview.org/RPN/07.pdf . dead . "The Sahrawi Red Crescent has observer status with the League of Red Cross Societies and is the formal channel for all external assistance to the Sahrawi people, (full membership is precluded until SADR has gained membership of the United Nations)."
  184. Book: Aguirre . Diego . Ramón . Jose . Guerra en el Sáhara. 1991 . 176 . 84-7090-252-0. "...in April the Sahrawi Red Crescent obtained the status of observer at the IX Congress of the Arab Red Crescent, analog to the International Red Cross, what supposed also the boycott of this reunion by Morocco."
  185. NAASP does not have formalised membership, it is open to States of Asia and Africa.
  186. News: Asia-Afro partnership meeting held in Durban . IOL news . 2006-09-01 . 2010-12-11.
  187. There is no permanent guest status, but often several non-member states are represented as guests at NAM conferences.
  188. There is not a formal status of the SADR, but here is the SADR official participation in the activities of this international organization.
  189. Web site: Latin America. ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. September 2006. 2012-12-10.
  190. News: Saharawi Representation to Mexico attends COPPPAL-ICAPP meeting. Sahara Press Service. 2012-10-15. 2012-12-10. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131224092314/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/saharawi-representation-mexico-attends-copppal-icapp-meeting. 2013-12-24.
  191. Web site: Participants . Progressive Alliance . 2014-12-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150302142054/http://progressive-alliance.info/participants/ . 2015-03-02 . dead .
  192. News: Socialist International makes Polisario observer. The Daily Star. Agence France-Presse. 2008-07-03. 2012-11-16. 2013-06-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20130621122311/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/Jul/03/Socialist-International-makes-Polisario-observer.ashx#axzz1pBaNKgxn. dead.
  193. News: Polisario Front becomes consultative member of Socialist International association . . 2017-03-04 . 2018-11-11.
  194. Web site: List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance . . 2017-06-17 . 2017-12-02 . 2017-12-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171202152920/https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/7790-sl-african_charter_on_democracy_elections_and_governance_8.pdf . dead .
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  196. Web site: List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child . . 2010-03-01 . 2014-04-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130909052027/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/List/African%20Charter%20on%20the%20Rights%20and%20Welfare%20of%20the%20Child.pdf . 2013-09-09 .
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  198. Web site: List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area . . 2018-08-08 . 2018-11-11 . 2018-11-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043734/https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/34248-sl-agreement_establishing_the_african_continental_free_trade_area.pdf . dead .
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  201. Web site: List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the AU Convention for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons in Africa . . 2010-08-06 . 2014-04-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130909041855/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/list/Convention%20on%20IDPs%20-%20displaced.pdf . 2013-09-09 .
  202. Web site: List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the AU Non-aggression and common defence pact . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181051/http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Non%20Aggression%20Pact_1.pdf . dead . 2015-09-23 . . 2010-03-28 . 2014-04-17 .
  203. Web site: List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the Convention of the African Energy Commission . . 2010-02-03 . 2014-04-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130909052042/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/List/Convention%20on%20African%20Energy%20Commission.pdf . 2013-09-09 .
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  215. Web site: SADR participates in preparatory meeting of African Games in 2015 . . 2015-03-01 . 2015-07-07 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150707105306/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/sadr-participates-preparatory-meeting-african-games-2015 . 2015-07-07 .
  216. Web site: Historical participation of Western Sahara in Africa Games . Equipe Media . 2015-01-20 . 2015-07-07.
  217. N.F.-Board is defunct since January 2013.