Foreign relations of Tanzania explained

Tanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere also was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, and, during the Cold War era, Tanzania played an important role in regional and international organisations, such as the Non-Aligned Movement, the front-line states, the G-77, and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) (now the African Union). One of Africa's best-known elder statesmen, Nyerere was personally active in many of these organisations, and served chairman of the OAU (1984–85) and chairman of six front-line states concerned with eliminating apartheid in Southern Africa. Nyerere was also involved with peace negotiations in Burundi until his death. Nyerere's death, on 14 October 1999, is still commemorated annually.

Tanzania, officially known as the United Republic of Tanzania, enjoys good relations with its neighbours in the region and in recent years has been an active participant in efforts to promote the peaceful resolution of disputes. Tanzania is helping to broker peace talks to end conflict in Burundi and supports the Lusaka agreement concerning the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In March 1996, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya revived discussion of economic and regional cooperation. These talks culminated with the signing of an East African Cooperation Treaty in September 1999, which should in time lead to economic integration through the development of the East African Community. Tanzania is the only country in East Africa which also is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

Historically, Tanzania has played an active role in hosting refugees from neighbouring countries including Mozambique, DR Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. This normally has been done in partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Tanzania maintains diplomatic relations with:

CountryDate
1[1]
2[2]
3 China[3]
4[4]
5[5]
6[6]
7[7]
8[8]
9[9]
10[10]
11[11]
12[12]
13[13]
14[14]
15[15]
16[16]
17[17]
18[18]
19[19]
20[20]
21[21]
22[22]
23[23]
24[24]
25[25] [26]
26[27]
27[28]
28[29]
29[30]
30[31]
31[32]
32[33]
33[34]
34[35]
35[36]
36[37]
37[38]
38[39]
39[40]
40[41]
41[42]
42[43]
43[44]
44[45]
45[46]
46[47]
47[48]
48[49]
49[50]
50[51]
51[52]
—[53]
52[54]
53[55]
54[56]
55[57]
56[58]
57[59]
58[60]
59[61]
60[62]
61[63]
62[64]
63[65]
64[66]
65[67]
66[68]
67[69]
68[70]
69[71]
70[72]
71[73]
72[74]
73[75]
74[76]
75[77]
76[78]
77[79]
78[80]
79[81]
80[82]
81[83]
82[84]
83[85]
84[86]
85[87]
86[88]
87[89]
88[90] [91]
89[92]
90[93]
91[94]
92
93[95]
94
95[96]
96[97]
97[98]
98[99]
99[100]
100[101]
101[102]
102[103]
103[104]
104[105]
105[106]
106[107]
107 Guinea-Bissau[108]
108[109]
109
110
111
112
113[110]
—[111]
114[112]
115[113]
116[114]
117[115]
118[116]
119[117]
120[118]
121[119]
122[120]
123[121]
124[122]
125[123]
126[124]
127[125]
128[126]
129[127]
130Before 2012[128]
131[129]
—[130]
132[131]
133
134
135[132]
136[133]
137
138
139
140
141[134]
142[135]
143[136]
144Unknown
145Unknown
146Unknown
147Unknown
148Unknown
149Unknown
150Unknown
—Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Algeria
Burundi1963See Burundi–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when has been appointed first Ambassador of Burundi to Tanzania Mr Joseph Mahenehene.[137]
  • Burundi has an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate-general in Kigoma.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Bujumbura.
Comoros1976Both countries established diplomatic relations in the middle of 1976.[138]

Tanzania contributed about 750 troops in the 2008 invasion of Anjouan.

  • Comoros has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Moroni.
Egypt14 November 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of United Arab Republic (Egypt) to Tanganyika with residence in Dar es Salaam Mr. Mustafa F. El-Essawi.[139]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate-general in Zanzibar.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Cairo.
Ethiopia1 June 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1964 when Ethiopia's Ambassador Ato Mekasha, presents his credentials[140]
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Kenya13 December 1983See Kenya–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1983[141]
  • Kenya has a high commission in Dar es Salaam and a consulate-general in Arusha.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Nairobi and a consulate-general in Mombasa.
Malawi16 May 1985See Malawi–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 16 May 1985[142]
  • Malawi has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Lilongwe.
Mozambique25 June 1975See Mozambique–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975[143]
  • Mozambique has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission Maputo.
Namibia
  • Namibia has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Windhoek.
Nigeria
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja.
Rwanda7 January 1965See Rwanda–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Tanzania (resident in Kampala) Mr. Musabyimana Malachie[144]
  • Rwanda has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Kigali.
South Africa18 July 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1994[145]
  • South Africa has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Pretoria.
Uganda13 December 1983See Tanzania–Uganda relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1983 when Uganda and Tanzania agree to upgrade their liaison offices in each other's capitals to ambassadorial level[146]
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Kampala.
  • Uganda has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
Zambia7 January 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when Zambia's first High Commissioner to Tanzania, Mr. A. M. Simbule presented his credentials to President Nyerere[147]
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Lusaka.
  • Zambia has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
Zimbabwe30 April 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first High Commissioner of Tanzania to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.[148]
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Harare.
  • Zimbabwe has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Argentina7 March 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 March 1974[149]
  • Argentina is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.
Brazil5 January 1970See Brazil–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1970[150]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Brasilia.
Canada9 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[151]
  • Canada has a high commission in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Ottawa.
Cuba6 April 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1962[152]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Havana.
Mexico19 February 1973See Mexico–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic elations on 19 February 1973[153]
  • Mexico is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.
United States9 December 1961See Tanzania–United States relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[154]

The U.S. Government provides assistance to Tanzania to support programs in the areas of health, environment, democracy, and development of the private sector. The U.S. Agency for International Development's program in Tanzania averages about $20 million per year. The Peace Corps program, revitalised in 1979, provides assistance in education through the provision of teachers. Peace Corps also is assisting in health and environment sectors. Currently, about 147 volunteers are serving in Tanzania. First Lady Laura Bush visited Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar in mid-July 2005.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
China9 December 1961See China–Tanzania relations

China established diplomatic relations with Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 9 December 1961 and 11 December 1963 respectively.[157] When Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united and became Tanzania on 26 April 1964, it is natural for China to extend its diplomatic ties with it.[158] Tanzania has had good relations with the People's Republic of China over the past 30 years, recently receiving the Chinese president (February 2009). This relationship is linked with bi-lateral co-operation including the TAZARA Railway project on the Tanzanian mainland.

  • China has an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate-general in Zanzibar.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Beijing.
India9 December 1961See India–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[159]
  • India has a High Commission in Dar es Salaam.[160]
  • Tanzania maintains a High Commission in New Delhi.[161]
25 January 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1964.[162]
  • Indonesia has a resident embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a resident embassy in Jakarta.
Israel20 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 December 1961.[163] Tanzania broken off diplomatic relations with Israel 19 October 1973.[164] Diplomatic relations were re-establish on 24 February 1995.[165]
  • Israel is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
Japan1961Diplomatic relations between Japan and Tanganyika were established on Tanganyika independence of 9 December 1961 . When Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united and became Tanzania on 26 April 1964, diplomatic ties were automatically extended to cover the union.
  • Japan has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Tokyo.
MalaysiaSee Malaysia–Tanzania relations
1973Tanzania officially recognised Palestine as a sovereign state on 24 November 1988.[167] In October 2011, Tanzanian Foreign Minister Bernard Membe affirmed that his country would give everything required to support Palestine in gaining membership within the United Nations and any other international organisation.[168]
Qatar13 December 1982Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1982[169]
  • Qatar has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Doha.
Saudi Arabia11 April 1984See Saudi Arabia–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1984[170]
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
30 April 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1992[171]

High-level Exchanges 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Han Wan-sang 1994 October Special Envoy of the President Hong Soon-young 1999 April Minister for Trade Han Duck-soo 2005 January Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon 2005 December Special Envoy oh the President Kwon Jin-ho 2006 May Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon 2009 March Chairman of Korea Foundation Lim Sung-jun 2009 August Chairman of Truth and Reconciliation Commission Ahn Byung-wook 2010 May Deputy Prime Minister Park Young-joon.[172]

  • South Korea has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Seoul.
Thailand30 December 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1980[173]
  • Tanzania is represented in Thailand by its embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Thailand is represented in Tanzania by its embassy in Nairobi.
Turkey5 July 1963See Tanzania–Turkey relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1963 when accredited first Ambassador of Turkey to Tanganyika (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Mehmed Osman Dostel.[174]
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Ankara.[175]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 151 million USD in 2015.
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro since 2010.
United Arab EmiratesSee Tanzania–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
14 February 1965See Tanzania–Vietnam relationsBoth countries have signed diplomatic missions on 14 February 1965[176]
  • Tanzania is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Belgium21 August 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1962.[177]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Brussels.
Denmark8 December 1964See Denmark–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1964 when first Denmark's ambassador to Tanzania Birger Abrahamson presented his credentials to President Nyerere[178]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
Finland
  • Finland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
France22 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1961[179]
  • France has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Paris.
Germany9 December 1961See Germany–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961[180]
  • Germany has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Berlin.
Ireland3 December 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1979[181]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Ireland from its high commission in London.
Italy9 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1961 when open Embassy of Italy in Dar es Salaam with accredited Charge d'Affaires of Italy to Tanganyika Mr. Luciano Falco[182]
  • Italy has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Rome.
Netherlands31 March 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1962 when first Ambassador of the Netherlands to Tanganyika (resident in Khartoum) presented his credentials[183]
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in The Hague.
Poland15 January 1962See Poland–Tanzania relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1962[184]
  • Poland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
PortugalSee Portugal–Tanzania relations
  • Tanzania is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Portugal is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
11 December 1961See Russia–Tanzania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 December 1961[185]

Spain23 February 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1967[187]
  • Spain has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
Sweden29 May 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1964 when Mr. Otto Gustaf Rathsman presented his credentials as Sweden's Ambassador to the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to President Nyerere.[188]
  • Sweden has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Stockholm.
8 July 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1992[189]
United Kingdom22 April 1964See Tanzania–United Kingdom relationsTanzania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 22 April 1964.

The UK governed Tanganyika from 1916 to 1961, when Tanganyika achieved full independence; the UK governed Zanzibar from 1890 to 1963, when Zanzibar achieved full independence. Both countries unified on 26 April 1964 to become Tanzania.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,[191] and a High Level Prosperity Partnership.[192]

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia11 May 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 1962 when Mr. A. F. Dingle has been appointed as Acting High Commissioner in the Australian High Commission to be established in Tanganyika[193]
  • Australia is accredited to Tanzania from its high commission in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Australia from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
New Zealand7 December 1981Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1981 when first New Zealand High Commissioner to Tanzania (resident in Athens) Mr. Paul Cotton presented his credentials[194]
  • New Zealand is accredited to Tanzania from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Tanzania is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.

International organisation participation

AU, ACP, AfDB, C, EAC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PMAESA SADC, United Nations (see Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Tanzania and the Commonwealth of Nations

Tanzania has been a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations since 1964, when the Republic of Tanganyika and the People's Republic of Zanzibar united after the Zanzibar Revolution.

International trips made by presidents of Tanzania

John Magufuli

John Magufuli made a 10 International trips to 8 countries during his presidency. Magufuli famously was the first Tanzania president to not travel outside of Africa. The president cracked down on large foreign delegations and usually sent his Vice-President Samia Suluhu Hassan to represent him. The president served six years and made the least international official visits than any of his predecessors.

All his visits were bilateral except he attended one African Union Heads of State Summit in Ethiopia and another East African Community heads of state summit in Uganda.

Samia Suluhu

Samia Suluhu made her first international trip in April 2021 since she began her presidency on 19 March 2021. Once president she aimed to regain the country's former position in the international community and began to embark on foreign trips.

See also

Sources

Notes and References

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