Foreign relations of Switzerland explained

The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Some international relations of Switzerland are handled by other departments of the federal administration of Switzerland.

History

Article 54 of the Swiss Constitution of 1999 declares the safeguarding of Switzerland's independence and welfare as the principal objective of Swiss foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution specifies these foreign policy objectives:

These objectives reflect the Swiss moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Swiss bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension of international law, particularly humanitarian law.

Traditionally, Switzerland has avoided alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action. Only in recent years have the Swiss broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union and joined the United Nations very late compared to its European neighbours.

Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as a neutral intermediary and host to major international treaty conferences. The country has no major dispute in its bilateral relations.

Switzerland (mainly Geneva) is home to many international governmental and nongovernmental organisations, including the International Olympic Committee, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the European Broadcasting Union. One of the first international organisations, the Universal Postal Union, is located in Bern.

United Nations

After the creation of the United Nations in 1945, Switzerland did not join the United Nations for some time, fearing that its status as a neutral country would be damaged.[1] On 10 September 2002, Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, after a referendum supporting full membership won in a close vote six months earlier; Swiss voters had rejected membership by a 3-to-1 margin in 1986. The 2002 vote made Switzerland the first and only country to join based on a popular vote.[2] Conversely, on 17 May 1992, Swiss voters approved by a healthy margin (55 percent in favour) the decision to join the IMF and the World Bank. Less than two weeks later, but a full two years after the initial application, Switzerland finally became a member of the IMF on 29 May of that same year.

Prior to its formal accession to the United Nations, Switzerland had maintained an observer role at the UN's General Assembly and its Economic and Social Council. Prior to full membership it had no right to a seat as one of the elected members of the UN Security Council. Switzerland was elected as a member of the United Nations Security Council for the period 2023-2024 on 9 June 2022. Switzerland says it intends to play its role as a "bridge builder".[3] Other stated priorities are peace building, supporting women into the political process, minorities rights and human rights and more transparency from the Security Council.[4]

Switzerland has fully participated within many of the UN's specialised institutions, including the Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Environment Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, and the Universal Postal Union. Switzerland has also furnished military observers and medical teams to several UN operations.

Switzerland is a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Support of UN sanctions

The Swiss government on 25 June 2003, eased most of the sanctions against the Republic of Iraq in accord with UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1483. The government lifted the trade embargo, flight restrictions, and financial sanctions in place since August 1990. The weapons embargo and the asset freeze, the scope of which was extended, remain in force, and restrictions on the trade in Iraqi cultural goods were newly imposed. Though not a member at the time, Switzerland had joined UN sanctions against Iraq after the invasion of Kuwait.

Switzerland also has joined UN economic sanctions imposed on Libya, Sierra Leone, UNITA (Angola), Liberia, and Serbia/Montenegro. On 15 October 2003, the Federal Council ended the import restrictions on raw diamonds from Sierra Leone and lifted sanctions against Libya.

Switzerland in October 2000 implemented an ordinance to enforce UN sanctions against the Taliban (UNSCR 1267), which it subsequently amended in April 2001 in accord with tighter UN regulations (UNSCR 1333). On 2 May 2002, the Swiss Government eased the sanctions regime in accord with UNSCR 1388 and 1390, lifting the ban on the sale of acetic acid (used in drug production), Afghan airlines, and Afghan diplomatic representations. The weapons embargo, travel restrictions, and financial sanctions remain in force.

The Swiss Government in November 2001 issued an ordinance declaring illegal the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda as well as possible successor or supporting organisations. More than 200 individuals or companies linked to international terrorism have been blacklisted to have their assets frozen. Thus far, Swiss authorities have blocked about 72 accounts totalling U.S.$22.6 million.

EU and other international organizations

Switzerland and Denmark signed a treaty of Friendship in 1875.

Switzerland is a member of many international organizations, including the World Trade Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Free Trade Association, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, and International Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Its central bank is a member of the Bank for International Settlements, based in Basel.

Switzerland is an active participant in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, its foreign minister serving as Chairman-in-Office for 1996. Switzerland also is an active participant in the major nonproliferation and export control regimes.

Although it is surrounded by member nations, Switzerland is not a member nation of the European Union. In 1992 Swiss voters approved membership in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, but later that year rejected the European Economic Area agreement, which the government viewed as a first step toward European Union membership. The Swiss instead take part in the European single market and Schengen through bilateral treaties.

More complete list of memberships:
ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, CGPM, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (World Bank), ICAO, ICC, ICC, ICDO, ICFTU, ICMM, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFCS, IFRCS, IGC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, IWC, LAIA (observer), NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIE, OPCW, OSCE, OTIF, PCA, PFP, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC.

Participation in peacekeeping

While the Swiss electorate did reject a government proposition to directly deploy Swiss troops as UN peacekeepers (the Blue Helmets) in 1994, a total of 23 Swiss personnel including police and military observers (the Blue Berets) have served or are now serving for the United Nations. These dispositions are impartial, clearly defined and cover a number of UN projects around the globe.[5]

In 1996 Switzerland joined NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and deployed Yellow Berets to support the OSCE in Bosnia. In June 2001, Swiss voters approved new legislation providing for the deployment of armed Swiss troops for international peacekeeping missions under UN or OSCE auspices as well as closer international cooperation in military training.

Since 1999, the Swiss army is participating through SWISSCOY in the peace keeping mission of the Kosovo Force (KFOR) based on UN-resolution 1244, with prolonged presence until 2014, after approval by the Swiss federal assembly in Spring 2011. Main duties include the supervision of civilian reconstruction efforts, monitoring and protection of patrimonial sites, military police and medical assistance.[6]

Representation of foreign entities and in foreign disputes

Under a series of treaties concluded after the First World War, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Due to its long-standing neutrality, Switzerland has served as the protecting power for many countries, that did not have diplomatic relations with each other. This reached an apex during the Second World War, when Switzerland formally undertook 219 mandates for 35 states, and represented another eight states unofficially.[7] After the Second World War, Switzerland served an additional 67 mandates for various countries, including those between Cuba and other nations in the Western Hemisphere after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, between Middle Eastern nations following the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and between India and Pakistan prior to the formalization of relations in 1976.

Switzerland also represented Cuba in the United States between 1991 and 2015.[8] Today, Switzerland has seven protecting power mandates:

Switzerland played a key role in brokering a truce agreement between the Sudanese Government and Sudan People's Liberation Army for the Nuba Mountains region, signed after a week's negotiations taking place near Lucerne in January 2002. Switzerland has also sent services to allied troops in the War in Afghanistan.[10]

Switzerland is also playing a major role in Palestinian politics, trying to act as a mediator between Fatah and Hamas regarding the integration of employees in Gaza. The Swiss diplomatic efforts lead to an agreement called "the Swiss Document" which initially was approved by both Palestinian parties.[11]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland decided to adopt all EU sanctions against Russia. According to the Swiss President Ignazio Cassis, the measures were "unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality". The administration also confirmed that Switzerland would continue to offer its services to find a peaceful solution in the conflict. Switzerland only participates in humanitarian missions and provides relief supplies to the Ukrainian population and neighbouring countries.[12] In August 2022, Russia rejected a proposed Swiss mandate to represent Ukrainian interests in Russia, considering that Switzerland had lost its neutral status.[13]

On 18 April 2023, Federal Councilor Alain Berset paid an official visit to Berlin, Germany at the invitation of Chancellor Olaf Scholz. At the center of the discussions was the refusal by Switzerland to allow the re-exporting of ammunition and arms to the crisis region in Ukraine. While the talks took place in a friendly atmosphere, Alain Berset insisted on the traditional application of Swiss neutrality towards the sale of military hardware to Germany for use in that conflict. A number of parliamentary efforts by Swiss lawmakers to allow such sales were already rejected previously.[14]

On 1 May 2023, Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Al-Khorayef made an official visit to the Swiss Confederation, meeting with Swiss State Secretary for Economic Affairs, Helene Budliger Artieda, and Chairwoman of the Board at Swiss Export Risk Insurance (SERV), Barbara Hayoz. The talks were mainly addressing export cooperation between the two nations, and the Saudi minister also held a talk at the meeting of the World Economic Forum in January 2023. Switzerland also represented Saudi interests in Iran before diplomatic relations were restored in April 2023.[15] [16]

Diplomatic representations

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with:

CountryDate
1[17]
—[18]
2[19]
3[20]
4[21]
5[22]
6[23]
7[24]
8[25]
9[26]
10[27]
11[28]
12[29]
13[30]
14[31]
15[32]
16[33]
17[34]
18[35]
19[36]
20[37]
21[38]
22[39]
23[40]
24[41]
25[42]
26[43]
27[44]
28[45]
29[46]
30[47]
31[48]
32[49]
33[50]
34[51]
35[52]
36[53]
37[54]
38[55]
39[56]
40[57]
41[58]
42[59]
43[60]
44[61]
45[62]
46[63]
47[64]
48[65]
49[66]
50[67]
51[68]
52[69]
53[70]
54[71]
55[72]
56[73]
57[74]
58[75]
59[76]
60[77] [78]
61[79]
62[80]
63[81]
64[82]
65[83]
66[84]
67[85]
68[86]
69[87]
70[88]
71[89]
72[90]
73[91]
74[92]
75[93]
76
77
78
79[94]
80[95]
81[96]
82[97]
83[98]
84[99]
85[100]
86[101]
87[102]
88[103]
89[104]
90[105]
91[106]
92[107]
93[108]
94[109]
95[110]
96[111]
97[112]
98[113]
99[114]
100[115]
101[116]
102[117]
103[118]
104[119]
105[120]
106[121]
107[122]
108
109[123]
110[124]
111[125]
112[126]
113
114[127]
115[128]
116[129]
117[130]
118[131]
119
120[132]
121[133]
122[134]
123[135]
124[136]
125[137]
126[138]
127[139]
128
129
130
131[140]
132[141]
133[142]
134[143]
135[144]
136[145]
137[146]
138[147]
139[148]
140[149]
141[150]
142[151]
143[152]
144[153]
145[154]
146 Vanuatu[155]
147[156]
148[157]
149[158]
150[159]
151[160]
152[161]
153[162]
154[163]
155[164]
156[165]
157[166]
158[167]
159[168]
160[169]
161[170]
162[171]
163[172]
164[173]
165[174]
166[175]
167[176]
168[177]
169[178]
170[179]
171[180]
172[181]
173[182]
174[183]
175[184]
176[185]
177[186]
178[187]
179[188]
180[189]
181[190]
182[191]
183
184[192]
185[193]
186[194]
187[195]
188[196]
189[197]
190[198]
191[199]
—[200]
—[201]
192[202]
—[203]

Multilateral

OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
1972
  • Switzerland is not a member of the European Union.

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Algeria13 November 1962
  • Algeria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Algiers.
Angola30 September 1976
  • Angola has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Luanda.
Chad16 December 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Chad (resident in Lagos) Mr. Giovanni Enrico Bucher[204]
  • Chad has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has a Cooperation Office in N'Djamena.
Egypt11 March 1935See Egypt–Switzerland relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1935 when Mr. Henri Martin, first Minister of Switzerland to Egypt, presented his letters of credentials.[205]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Cairo.
Ethiopia2 May 1952
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Kenya28 February 1964See Kenya–Switzerland relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Kenya (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Roger Dürr[206]
  • Kenya has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nairobi.
Madagascar13 June 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Nigeria1 October 1960
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
Senegal26 May 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1961.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dakar.
South Africa11 March 1952See South Africa–Switzerland relations

Americas

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Argentina12 September 1891See Argentina–Switzerland relations
Brazil
  • Brazil has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Brasília and consulates-general in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
Canada1945See Canada–Switzerland relations
Chile
  • Chile has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Santiago.
Colombia
  • Colombia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bogotá.
Cuba18 June 1902Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1902.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Havana.
Dominican Republic1936See Dominican Republic-Switzerland relations
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Bern and a consulate in Zürich
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Santo Domingo
Mexico1827See Mexico–Switzerland relations
Nicaragua1956
  • Nicaragua has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in San José, Costa Rica and maintains an honorary consulate in Managua.
  • Relations with Nicaragua and Switzerland focus on development cooperation, humanitarian aid and trade.
Peru

See main article: Peru–Switzerland relations.

  • Peru has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lima
United States1853See Switzerland–United States relations

The first official U.S.–Swiss consular relations were established in the late 1820s. Diplomatic relations were established in 1853 by the U.S. and in 1868 by Switzerland. The U.S. ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to the Principality of Liechtenstein.

  • Switzerland has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City and San Francisco.
  • United States has an embassy in Bern and maintains consular agencies in Geneva and Zürich.
Uruguay1828See Switzerland–Uruguay relations

Both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations, and they established diplomatic relations in 1828.[207] [208] Uruguay became a popular destination for Swiss migrants starting in the 1860s.[209] In 1931 Uruguay called for a Swiss style parliamentary system.[210] In the twentieth century, Uruguay has looked to Switzerland as a model for government, historical and cultural ties go back to at least the nineteenth century.[211] There are 956 people with Swiss passports residing in Uruguay in 2009.[212] Uruguay was described as the "Switzerland of the Americas" in a 1951 The New York Times article for its popularity as a haven for capital fleeing Europe at the time and its adoption of Swiss-inspired banking laws.[213] Thomas J. Knight also wrote that "Uruguay has for most of its history been the 'Switzerland' of South America."[214]

  • Switzerland has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Bern.

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
ArmeniaSee Armenia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Armenia as an independent state on 23 December 1991. The two countries have maintained diplomatic relations ever since.

  • Armenia has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Yerevan.
Azerbaijan21 January 1992See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bern[215]
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Baku.[216]
ChinaSee China–Switzerland relations
Georgia
  • Georgia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
1948See India–Switzerland relations

India is one of Switzerland's most important partners in Asia. Bilateral and political contacts are constantly developing, and trade and scientific cooperation between the two countries are flourishing.[219] Switzerland was the first country in the World to sign a Friendship treaty with India in 1947.[220]

Indonesia2 November 1951See Indonesia–Switzerland relations
  • In 2010, the heads of state of the two countries agreed to launch negotiations on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.[221]
  • Switzerland has named Indonesia as one of seven priority countries for economic development co-operation.[222]
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Bern, while Switzerland has an embassy in Jakarta, also accredited for East Timor and ASEAN.
  • On 6 December 1973, the Indonesian and Swiss governments signed an agreement to establish Polytechnic for Mechanics within the Bandung Institute of Technology at Bandung.[223] Today, the Swiss Mechanics Polytechnic has transformed into Bandung State Polytechnic for Manufacture.
4 March 1919See Iran–Switzerland relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tehran.
Iraq1 May 1946See Iraq–Switzerland relationsIn November 2000 Switzerland opened a diplomatic liaison office in Baghdad to safeguard its interests. Bilateral relations became closer after the Iraq War in 2003.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Amman, Jordan.
IsraelSee Israel–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Israel on 25 January 1949 and opened a consulate in Tel Aviv.

Japan6 February 1864
  • Japan has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tokyo.
Kazakhstan
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
Lebanon
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Beirut.
Malaysia1963See Malaysia–Switzerland relations
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
December 1974[224] See North Korea–Switzerland relations
  • North Korea has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
Northern Cyprus has a Representative Office in Geneva.[225]
PakistanSwitzerland recognised Pakistan's independence from Great Britain in 1947, and the two states established diplomatic relations in 1949.[226] Switzerland ranks fifth in terms of foreign direct investment in Pakistan.[227] [228]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Islamabad and a consulate-general in Karachi.
See Palestine–Switzerland relationsSwitzerland has a representative office in Ramallah.[229]
  • Palestine has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has a representative office in Ramallah.
Philippines1957Bilateral ties between the Philippines and Switzerland dates back to the early 19th century when Swiss traders, missionaries and travelers went to Southeast Asia. A Swiss representation in the Philippines was proposed in 1851, which was realized with the opening of a Swiss honorary consulate in Manila in 1862. Formal relations was established between the two countries on 30 August 1957.[230]
  • Philippines has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Manila.
Saudi Arabia12 July 1956Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1956.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Bern and a consulate-general in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Riyadh.
Singapore
11 February 1963[231] See South Korea–Switzerland relations The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Switzerland began on 11 February 1963.
Sri Lanka7 November 1956See Sri Lanka-Switzerland relations
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Bern,Switzerland.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Colombo.
Thailand28 May 1931See Foreign relations of ThailandBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1931.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bangkok.
TurkeySee Switzerland–Turkey relations
United Arab Emirates12 September 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1973.
  • UAE has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
11 October 1971

Europe

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Albania20 July 1970
  • Albania has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Tirana.

See Albanians in Switzerland

Austria1687See Austria–Switzerland relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Belarus1992
30 September 1845Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1845 when Constantin Rodenbach has been appointed as first Belgian Charge d'Affaires to Switzerland.[234]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Brussels.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Sarajevo.
Bulgaria1905
Croatia
Cyprus
  • Cyprus is accredited to Switzerland from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nicosia.
Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Prague.
Denmark1875
  • Denmark has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Copenhagen.
Finland
  • Finland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
FranceApril 1521See France–Switzerland relations
Germany1871See Germany–Switzerland relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Frankfurt, Munich and Stuttgart.
Greece8 October 1917See Greece–Switzerland relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Athens.
Hungary
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Budapest.
Ireland
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin.
Italy12 February 1860See Italy–Switzerland relations
  • Italy has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva, Lugano and Zürich and a consulate in Basel.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan.
See Kosovo–Switzerland relations

Switzerland recognized Kosovo on 27 February 2008.[240] Switzerland has an embassy in Pristina since 28 March 2008.[241] Kosovo will open an embassy in Bern. In September 2008, Swiss authorities initially expressed reservation for Designate Ambassador Naim Mala due to his double nationality[242] but latter accepted him. Switzerland currently has 212 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force.[243]

LiechtensteinSee Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations
2 September 1992See Moldova–Switzerland relations
Netherlands
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in The Hague.
Norway
  • Norway has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Oslo.
Poland
  • Poland has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Warsaw.
Portugal
  • Portugal has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva and Zürich and consular offices in Lugano and Sion.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate in Porto.
RomaniaSee Romania–Switzerland relations

Since the 1990s, Switzerland has helped Romania financially, for a total sum of 140 million Swiss Francs between 1996 and 2006, and an additional 23 million Francs in 2006–2007. Switzerland has become the 12th largest foreign investor in Romania.[244] In 2005, Romania exported goods to Switzerland for a total of 206 million Swiss Francs, with Switzerland exporting for 547 million Swiss Francs to Romania, making Romania the biggest partner of Switzerland in South-West Europe.[245] By 2006, this had increased by 26% from Romania and 38% from Switzerland.[246]

  • Romania has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bucharest.
1816See Russia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland opened a consulate in Saint Petersburg in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946.

Serbia1916See Serbia–Switzerland relations
Slovakia
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Bratislava.
Slovenia
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Ljubljana.
SpainSee Spain–Switzerland relations
  • Spain has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Madrid.
Sweden
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Stockholm.
Ukraine1991See Switzerland–Ukraine relations
United KingdomSee Switzerland–United Kingdom relations
  • Switzerland has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Bern.

Oceania

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Australia1961See Australia–Switzerland relations

Switzerland opened a consulate in Sydney in 1855 and one in Melbourne in 1856. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961.

New Zealand1963Switzerland opened a consulate in Auckland in 1912. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Why did Switzerland only join the United Nations in 2002?. IamExpat.ch. 2022-10-24. 2023-04-10.
  2. Web site: Switzerland and the UN: a long history. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. 2020-06-26. 2023-04-11.
  3. Web site: Switzerland elected to UN Security Council . SWI swissinfo.ch . 2022-06-09 . 2022-06-09.
  4. Web site: Switzerland confirms UN Security Council priorities. 31 August 2022.
  5. http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/topics/peasec/peac/intpo.html International peace-keeping operations.
  6. Web site: SWISSCOY (Kosovo) . 2013-12-23 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131204002631/http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/vtg/en/home/themen/einsaetze/peace/swisscoy.html . 4 December 2013 . dmy-all. Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. Federal Administration admin.ch. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  7. Encyclopedia: Schelbert . Leo . Good offices . Historical Dictionary of Switzerland . 2014 . Rowman & Littlefield . 9781442233522 . 153.
  8. " La voix suisse des Etats-Unis à Cuba se tait . . 11 September 2015 . fr . 1423-3967 . 17 February 2016 . 24 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124115317/https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2015/09/11/voix-suisse-etats-unis-cuba-se-tait . dead.
  9. Web site: AFP . Saudi embassy in Iran resumes operations following seven-year hiatus . 2023-09-17 . timesofisrael.com.
  10. http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/groupgst/en/home/peace/peace/laufende/afghanistan/factsheet.html{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}
  11. Web site: The Swiss Role in Palestinian Politics. Fanack.com. 20 April 2015. 27 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111039/https://chronicle.fanack.com/palestine/history-past-to-present/the-swiss-role-in-palestinian-politics/. dead.
  12. News: Noack . Rick . Westfall . Sammy . In move to sanction Russia, Switzerland breaks from long tradition . Washington Post . 28 February 2022.
  13. News: Russia rejects protecting power mandate agreed by Switzerland and Ukraine . swissinfo.ch . 11 August 2022.
  14. https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/tagesschau/video/tagesschau-vom-18-04-2023-hauptausgabe?urn=urn:srf:video:77a5ef98-25d9-412c-8666-1c95c193c408 SRF Tagesschau vom 18.4.2023
  15. https://www.arabnews.com/node/2298301/business-economy "Mining and minerals trade discussed by Saudi industry minister and Swiss officials"
  16. https://www.arabnews.com/node/2283481/saudi-arabia "Saudi officials arrive in Iran to discuss reopening diplomatic missions"
  17. News: 29 November 2016 . L'amitié franco-suisse célébrée à Fribourg . 10 March 2022.
  18. Web site: Nunciature to Switzerland . 7 January 2024.
  19. Book: Horn, D. B. . British Diplomatic Representatives: 1689-1789 . 1932 . 144.
  20. Web site: Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap in Zwitserland, (1912) 1914-1954 (1955) . 6 January 2024 . 9 . nl.
  21. News: 28 March 2014 . ВОЗРОЖДАЯ МИЛОСЕРДИЕ – МИЛОСЕРДИЕМ ВОЗРОДИМСЯ . ru . 4 September 2023.
  22. Web site: Uruguay and Switzerland — cultural and economic Benefits from new Market opportunities . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111002103119/http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/dokumentation/red/archiv/reden_christoph_blocher/2007/2007-04-17.html . 2 October 2011 . 2 October 2011.
  23. Web site: REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD . 9 March 2022 . es.
  24. Book: Dictionnaire historique & biographique de la Suisse : publié avec la recommandation de la Société générale suisse d'histoire et sous la direction de Marcel Godet, Henri Türler [et] Victor Attinger avec de nombreux collaborateurs de tous les cantons ]. 13 April 2024 . 1921 . 23 . fr.
  25. Web site: All Countries . 12 November 2021 . Office of the Historian.
  26. Web site: Todos los países . 16 September 2023 . pt.
  27. Book: Annuario diplomatico del Regno d'Italia ... . Italia : Ministero degli affari esteri . 1886 . 59 . it . 26 October 2023.
  28. Book: Treaties and Conventions concluded between Empire of Japan and Foreign Nations, together with Regulations and Communications 1854-1874 . Nisshu-sha Printing Office . 1874 . Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Japan . Tokyo . table of contents.
  29. Web site: Política Bilateral . 6 July 2023 . es.
  30. Web site: Países . 2 July 2022 . pt.
  31. Web site: RS 0.142.113.141 Traité d'amitié, de commerce et d'établissement du 10 février 1875 entre la Suisse et le Danemark (avec art. add.) . 7 September 2019 . Government of Switzerland.
  32. Book: Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho . Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores . 2003 . 528–529 . es.
  33. Book: Revista del Comercio Exterior . Mexico. Dirección General de Comercio Exterior y del Servicio Consular . 1942 . 7 . 13–24 . 39–41 . es.
  34. Web site: Relaciones políticas entre Perú y Suiza . Embajada del Perú en Suiza y Liechtenstein . 2024-01-07 . 2022-12-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221230072232/https://www.embaperu.ch/site/embajada/relacion-bilateral/relaciones-politicas-entre-peru-y-suiza/ . dead .
  35. News: 13 May 2019 . Habilitan Consulado Honorario de Paraguay en Pratteln, Suiza . es .
  36. Web site: 24 February 2015 . Schweden . Historiches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) . de . 29 January 2024.
  37. Web site: Relación Bilateral . es.
  38. Book: Memoria . Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto . 2011 . 470 . es.
  39. Book: Egbert . Lawrence Deems . Manual de referencia de tratados comerciales latinoamericanos . Cooper . Donald H. . United States Tariff Commission . 1941 . 113 . es.
  40. Web site: Relations between Turkey and Switzerland.
  41. Web site: La República de Cuba y la Confederación Suiza celebran hoy el 120 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas . 6 September 2023 . Cancillería de Cuba . es.
  42. Web site: RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf. 6 August 2020. 30 November 2021. 195.
  43. Web site: 27 April 1999. Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater. 18 October 2021. regjeringen.no. no.
  44. Web site: Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala . 24 July 2021 . es.
  45. Web site: Europa . 29 June 2023 . es.
  46. Web site: Diplomatic Relations of Romania . Ministerul Afacerilor Externe . 28 December 2023.
  47. Web site: Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) . bg.
  48. Web site: Bilateral cooperation. 24 December 2021. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia.
  49. Book: Almanach de Gotha . Gotha, Germany : Justus Perthes . 1919 . 918 . fr . 6 November 2023.
  50. Web site: Représentation d'Etats étrangers en Suisse. . 28 May 2023 . amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch . 82.
  51. Book: Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968-2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1990 . 1990 . 85 (164) . hu.
  52. Web site: Agents diplomatiques en Suisse . 13 October 2023 . 60 . fr.
  53. Web site: Polska w Szwajcarii . 12 April 2023 . pl.
  54. Book: Skřivan . Aleš . Prague Papers on History of International Relations: 2008 . Suppan . Arnold . Institute of World History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University Prague . 2008 . 265 . de.
  55. Web site: 7 January 2014 . Tchécoslovaquie . 27 September 2023 . fr.
  56. Web site: One hundred years of diplomatic relations between Switzerland and Morocco . Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA . 4 January 2024.
  57. Web site: Countries and regions A–Z . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US . March 30, 2018 . April 1, 2018.
  58. Web site: Abkommen zwischen der Schweiz und Afghanistan . 8 June 2024 . de.
  59. Web site: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs met with Ambassador of Switzerland to Thailand on the occasion of the 90th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Thailand and Switzerland . 7 November 2023 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand.
  60. Book: Béat de Fischer . Contributions à la connaissance des relations suisses-égyptiennes d'environ 100 à 1949 . Presses de la Maison Ramos, Afonso & Moita . 1956 . 167 . fr.
  61. News: 9 August 2016 . Relaciones entre Suiza y la República Dominicana . 5 April 2022.
  62. Web site: Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol . 23 July 2022 . 307 . es.
  63. Web site: Bilateral Trade between Switzerland and Ireland . 2 November 2020.
  64. Web site: Ordre de préséance de MM. les chefs de Mission . Département politique 1942 . 79 . fr.
  65. Web site: 24 June 2020 . As part of the celebrations of 75 years of diplomatic relations ... . Swiss Consulate in Montreal on Facebook . 9 March 2024.
  66. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Austria . eda.admin.ch . 5 March 2024.
  67. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Syria . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  68. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Lima . 19 October 2023 . Dodis . fr.
  69. Web site: Histoire de l'Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et des relations bilatérales. . 3 January 2024 . Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et au Liechtenstein . fr.
  70. Book: Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston . British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print From 1945 through 1950. Near and Middle East · Volume 7 . 1999 . 80.
  71. Web site: Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. 1 August 2021. Government of Iceland.
  72. Web site: India-Switzerland Relations . Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India . 5 March 2024.
  73. Web site: 8 March 2024 . Celebrating 75th years of Jordan-Swiss diplomatic relations . 8 March 2024 . The Jordan Times.
  74. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Pakistan. 20 February 2015.
  75. Web site: When Switzerland recognised the new China. SWI swissinfo.ch. 17 January 2020 . 28 December 2023.
  76. Book: Israel Digest: A Bi-weekly Summary of News from Israel . 1951 . II . D.
  77. Web site: Was die Schweiz mit Indonesien verbindet . 5 July 2023 . eda.admin.ch . de.
  78. Web site: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft . 5 July 2023 . Botschaft der Republik Indonesien in Bern, Schweiz . de.
  79. Web site: Swiss Embassy in Pretoria . 6 November 2023 . dodis.ch.
  80. Web site: More about the bilateral relations between Switzerland and Ethiopia . eda.admin.ch . 9 March 2024.
  81. Web site: Länder . 23 July 2023 . de.
  82. Web site: Au Conseil fédéral. Création d'une représentation diplomatique permanente en Arabie séoudite . 26 September 2023 . Dodis . fr.
  83. Book: 1959 Ferguson's Ceylon Directory . 1959 . 243.
  84. Web site: Bilateral Relations . 25 June 2021 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal.
  85. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Tunisia . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  86. Web site: 1 August 2017 . Swiss National Day and 60 years of Diplomatic Relations between Myanmar and Switzerland . mfaic.gov.kh . 10 March 2024.
  87. Web site: Swiss Embassy in Guatemala . 18 October 2023 . Dodis . fr.
  88. News: 28 February 2014 . Philippines, Switzerland agree to strengthen political and economic cooperation . 31 July 2023 . July 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230731194757/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2014/02/28/philippines-switzerland-agree-to-strengthen-political-and-economic-cooperation/ . dead .
  89. Web site: Diplomatic Relations. 30 June 2021. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos.
  90. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nicaragua . 23 March 2023.
  91. Web site: Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007. 44. fr. 11 October 2020.
  92. Web site: Our Diplomatic Relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110724073959/http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html . 24 July 2011 . 5 February 2022 . Government of Somalia.
  93. Web site: No 1631. Nomination de M. René Keller en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la Confédération suisse au Ghana, en Guinée, au Libéria et au Togo, avec résidence à Accra; sa promotion au grade de ministre de II classe . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  94. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nigeria . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  95. Book: Sudan Almanac . Republic of the Sudan . 1961 . 57.
  96. Web site: Information about Person: Keller, René . 5 October 2023 . Dodis . fr.
  97. Web site: Tribolet, Jean-Jacques de Est également accrédité en Mauritanie. Nomination par le Conseil fédéral le 26.5.1961, cf. PVCF No 935. . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  98. Web site: Stroehlin, Jean Est également accrédité en Dahomey, en Haute-Volta et au Niger. Nomination par le Conseil fédéral le 26.5.1961 . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  99. Web site: 1961 Aufnahme der dipl. Beziehungen, vgl. Bundesratsbeschluss Nr. 935 vom 26.5.1961. . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . de.
  100. News: 3 June 1961 . AUST. TO HAVE SWISS EMBASSY. . 3 . . 13 November 2015 . National Library of Australia.
  101. Web site: Madagascar et la Suisse fêtent aujourd'hui 60 ans de relations bilatérales le 13 juin 1961 .
  102. Web site: Diplomatie cooperation ivoro-suisse: la deuxieme session du dialogue politique bilateral s'ouvre a Abidjan autour de cinq points majeurs . 20 May 2023 . gouv.ci.
  103. Web site: Information about Person: Bossi, Walter . 12 March 2024 . dodis.ch.
  104. Book: Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 . 1961 . 61 . fr.
  105. Web site: Newsletter 1/2020 . 23 February 2024 . sagw.ch . 31 . fr . ... Giovanni Enrico Bucher ambassadeur de Suisse au Cameroun avec résidence à Lagos.Le 9 novembre 1961, il présenta ses lettres de créance au président Ahmadou Ahidjo ....
  106. Book: Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383-392 . Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. . 1961 . 49 . fr.
  107. Web site: Schweizerische Botschaft in Kinshasa (1962...) . 24 June 2023 . dodis.ch . de.
  108. Book: Pedone . Revue génerale de droit international public, 67 . 1963 . 124 . fr.
  109. Book: External Affairs Review Volume 12 . New Zealand. Department of External Affairs . 1962 . 11 . 19 November 2023.
  110. Web site: Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations . 16 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations . 8 March 2016 . 16 April 2021.
  111. Book: Staats-kalender der Schweizerischen eidgenossenschaft Annuaire de la Confédération suisse. Annuario della Confederazione svizzera . Switzerland. Bundeskanzlei, Switzerland. Militärdepartment . 1962 . 56 . de.
  112. Web site: Schweizerische Botschaft in Kuala Lumpur . 22 July 2023 . de, en, fr.
  113. Web site: Countries & Regions . 24 May 2023.
  114. Web site: Schweizerische Botschaft in Kigali . 4 July 2023 . de.
  115. Book: Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts . United States. Central Intelligence Agency . 1963 . 234–235 . K3.
  116. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Abuja . 20 June 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  117. Book: The Diplomatic Press Trade Directory of Trinidad and Tobago 1963-64 . Diplomatic and Publishing Company . 1964 . 45.
  118. Book: Études congolaises Volume 6 . Institut politiques congolais and Center de recheret d'information socio-politiques . 1964 . 71 . fr . 13 Janvier ... - M. Marcionelli, ambassadeur de Suisse, présente ses lettres de créance au Mwami Mwambutsa à Bujumbura ..
  119. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Léopoldville . 1 July 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  120. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Kinshasa (1962...) . 24 June 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  121. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Nairobi (1964...) . 24 June 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  122. Book: Africa Research Bulletin . Blackwell . 1964 . 41.
  123. Web site: March 2020 . Diplomatic and Consular List . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220221024739/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf . 21 February 2022 . 13 February 2024 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia . 4-8.
  124. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Tanzania . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  125. Web site: 31 October 2018 . PRESS RELEASE BY THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT "There is much room for us to explore all possibilities to increase our collaborations at all levels" - President Coleiro Preca . 11 July 2023.
  126. Book: Diplomatic and Consular List . Gambia. Government Printer . 1967 . 1.
  127. Book: Diplomatic and Consular List Issue 3 . Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs . 1967 . 1.
  128. Web site: 21 February 2018 . Today in Kuwait's history . 9 September 2023 . Kuwait News Agency (KUNA).
  129. Web site: LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA. 2 October 2021. mfaic.gov.kh.
  130. Web site: Diplomatic & consular list . 11 July 2022 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore .
  131. Web site: Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria . 4 July 2023 . dodis.ch . de.
  132. Web site: No 1733. Relations diplomatiques avec la République de Guinée Equatoriale. Nomination de M. Fritz Real en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire à Santa Isabel. . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  133. Book: Mauritius Directory of the Diplomatic Corps; High Commissions, Embassies, Consulates, International Organization[s] . Mauritius. Ministry of External Affairs, Tourism, and Emigration . 1970 . 46.
  134. Web site: Aufnahme der diplomatischen Beziehungen mit Swaziland. . 4 July 2023 . dodis.ch . de.
  135. Web site: Bilateral Relations . 30 December 2023.
  136. Web site: Swiss Confederation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20231107205638/https://vietnam.gov.vn/diplomacy-detail-70572?countryId=526&typeId=1 . 7 November 2023 . 7 November 2023 . vietnam.gov.vn.
  137. Book: Revue générale de droit international public droit des gens-histoire diplomatique-droit pénal-droit fiscal-droit administratif · Volume 77, Issue 3 . A. Pedone . 1973 . 788 . fr.
  138. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Yemen . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  139. Web site: Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen mit Bahrain, Katar, Oman und der Föderation der arabischen Emirate. Akkreditierung von Herrn Max Casanova als Botschafter in diesen Ländern, mit Sitz in Djeddah . 27 June 2023 . dodis.ch . de.
  140. Book: The Annual Register, Volume 216. Longmans. 1974. 182.
  141. Web site: 2016 . DPRK Diplomatic Relations . 14 July 2022 . NCNK . 8–9 . 9 October 2022 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf . dead .
  142. Book: Switzerland-Mozambique establish diplomatic relations . State Deptment cable1976-22109 . 1976 . 23 July 2023.
  143. Book: Guidelines of the Foreign Policy of Papua New Guinea: Universalism . Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Papua New Guinea . 1976 . 55 . English.
  144. Web site: 1976 . Swiss government announces establishment of diplomatic relations with Angola . 10 July 2023 . archive.org.
  145. Web site: Etablissement des relations diplomatiques entre la Suisse et l'État comorien . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  146. Web site: Diplomatic relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190216065040/https://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ . 16 February 2019 . 21 April 2021.
  147. Web site: Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf. 16 April 2019. 22 December 2021. gov.sr. nl.
  148. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–St. Vincent and the Grenadines . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  149. Web site: LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados) . 25 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file . 13 August 2017 . dead .
  150. Book: Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 170-179 . 1980 . 133 . fr.
  151. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Cabo Verde . 11 May 2023.
  152. News: 10 March 2021 . La République des Seychelles et la Suisse fêtent aujourd'hui 40 ans de relations bilatérales. . fr . 22 July 2023.
  153. Web site: 11 May 2023 . Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations . 7 July 2023 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629032804/https://www.gov.mv/en/files/dpl-full-country-list-as-of-11-may-2023--8993.pdf . dead .
  154. Web site: Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005624/https://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ . 14 February 2020 . 19 August 2018 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Samoa.
  155. Book: Country Report: Pacific Islands--Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Western Samoa, Vanuatu, Tonga . 1991 . 52.
  156. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Grenada . eda.admin.ch . 9 March 2024.
  157. Web site: Visite à Berne de M. Moumin Bahdon Farah, Ministre des affaires étrangères de la République de Djibouti, le 6.5.1983. Relations bilatérales Suisse-Djibouti . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  158. Web site: Guinée-Bissau - Présentation des Lettres de créance . 17 February 2024 . fr.
  159. Web site: Government of Antigua and Barbuda . Chronology of Antigua and Barbudas Bilateral relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180614/http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm . 17 January 2012 . 24 February 2011.
  160. Web site: Swiss representation in Brunei Darussalam . 10 September 2023 . fr.
  161. Web site: Entretien avec C. da Costa PM de Sao Tomé-et-Principe, Genève le 7.3.1989 . 19 May 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  162. Book: Report of the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Year... . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tonga . 1985 . 4.
  163. Web site: Bhutan-Switzerland Relations . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade . 9 March 2024.
  164. Web site: Diplomatic Relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171230194831/http://www.mfa.gov.bz/images/documents/DIPLOMATIC%20RELATIONS.pdf . 30 December 2017 . 30 December 2016.
  165. Web site: Formal diplomatic relations list . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190827171052/http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf . 27 August 2019 . 31 March 2018.
  166. Web site: Mushelenga . Samuel Abraham Peyavali . 2008 . Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state . 254–259.
  167. Web site: 30 January 2018 . Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia . 26 October 2022 . et.
  168. Web site: 1 July 2021 . Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations . 5 October 2022 . mfa.gov.lv.
  169. Web site: List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations. live. 10 January 2022. 10 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations.
  170. Web site: Swiss Confederation . Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs . 5 March 2024.
  171. Web site: Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. 5 February 2022. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia.
  172. Web site: Đogić . Mojca Pristavec . September 2016 . Priznanja samostojne Slovenije . 11 July 2023 . sl.
  173. Web site: European countries . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine . https://web.archive.org/web/20190720122956/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries . 20 July 2019. 23 August 2019.
  174. Web site: 11 February 2002. 10-year anniversary of Belarus - Switzerland diplomatic relations. 29 July 2021.
  175. Web site: Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения . 10 October 2021 . ru.
  176. Web site: Switzerland - Bilateral relations . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. 5 March 2024.
  177. Web site: STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS . 15 June 2023.
  178. Web site: Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk . 20 February 2020 . 30 April 2022 . ru.
  179. Web site: Bilateral relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220619062211/https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx . 19 June 2022 . 1 September 2022.
  180. Web site: STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS . 17 March 2022 . 8 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no . live .
  181. Web site: Bilateral relations. 31 July 2021. MFA Moldova. 24 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624002439/https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan. dead.
  182. Web site: Diplomatic Relations . 1 April 2021 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
  183. Web site: LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS . 13 November 2023.
  184. Web site: Štáty a teritóriá . 26 May 2023 . sk.
  185. Web site: 2022 . Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa . 26 April 2022 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina . bs.
  186. Web site: Bilateral relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 . 30 September 2011 . 3 April 2021 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia.
  187. Book: Eritrea Update . Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada . 1992.
  188. Web site: Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino. 15 December 2021. it.
  189. Web site: Diplomatic relations. 3 July 2021. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra.
  190. Web site: Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160317135821/https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf . 17 March 2016 . 4 April 2022 . U.S. Department of the Interior.
  191. Web site: Diplomatic relations between Switzerland and ... . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
  192. Web site: FSM Diplomatic Relations List . 13 November 2022 . Government of the Federated States of Micronesia.
  193. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Nauru . eda.admin.ch . 10 March 2024.
  194. Web site: Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Suisse et la République de Kiribati (Le Conseil fédéral Le portail du Gouvernement suisse) (in French) . 11 April 2023.
  195. Web site: Europe . 9 August 2022 . 9 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220809163413/https://dfa.gov.tv/index.php/europe/ . dead .
  196. News: Dominica Receives New Swiss Ambassador . 20 August 2021 . 20 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210820221919/http://news.gov.dm/news/4388-dominica-receives-new-swiss-ambassador . dead .
  197. Web site: 10 June 2006 . GG Welcomes First Swiss Ambassador To Saint Lucia . 22 April 2024 . 6.
  198. Web site: Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa . https://web.archive.org/web/20200213235103/https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn . 13 February 2020 . 16 April 2021 . Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration.
  199. Web site: 1 June 2020. Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List. live. 12 December 2020. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. 36–38. 12 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210812053600/http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/resources/publications/22-foreign-affairs-p/61-solomon-islands-diplomatic-and-consular-list.html.
  200. Book: Gëzim Visoka . Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood . 2018 . Routledge . 9781138285330 . Abingdon . 219–221.
  201. Web site: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration . 2011-03-07 . Cook Islands and Switzerland establish diplomatic relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151023051145/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/index.php/news/19-general/149-cook-islands-and-switzerland-establish-diplomatic-relations.html . 2015-10-23 . 2015-10-09 . Cook Islands Government.
  202. Web site: [SouthSudanInfo] GoSS website : latest ....]. www.mail-archive.com.
  203. Web site: 9 August 2023 . Switzerland is expanding its network in the PacificIslands. . 9 August 2023.
  204. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Abuja . 20 June 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  205. Book: Béat de Fischer . Contributions à la connaissance des relations suisses-égyptiennes d'environ 100 à 1949 . Presses de la Maison Ramos, Afonso & Moita . 1956 . 167 . fr.
  206. Web site: Ambassade de Suisse à Nairobi (1964...) . 24 June 2023 . dodis.ch . fr.
  207. News: Uruguay and Switzerland – cultural and economic Benefits from new Market opportunities . 14 May 2009 . Switzerland and Uruguay feature relatively stable and reliable democracies. And both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations. ... This Swiss settlement was soon to become known for the exceptional quality of its cheese and other dairy products. As transport developed, the farmers began selling their products on an unprecedented scale, notably to Argentina and even to Switzerland. ... Uruguay and Switzerland laid down the cornerstone of their cooperation in 1938: The two countries signed a trade agreement aimed to enhance commercial cooperation. And in 1991, an agreement on the mutual protection of investments became effective. . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111002103119/http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/dokumentation/red/archiv/reden_christoph_blocher/2007/2007-04-17.html . 2 October 2011 . dmy-all.
  208. Web site: Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Uruguay . 14 May 2009 . The independent Republic of Uruguay came into being in 1828 and became a popular destination for Swiss migrants. It was German-Swiss farmers who in 1862–63 founded the colony of Nueva Helvecia. They introduced cheese-making and other agricultural innovations. Immigrants from Ticino were successful as skilled builders, artists and also footballers. . Switzerland.
  209. News: Uruguay to Honor the Swiss . . 4 June 1944.
  210. News: President Calls for Commission Government Like Switzerland's to Overcome Defects. . President Terra said today that Uruguay's experiment with the commission form of government, with divided executive power, had failed and the time had arrived to rewrite the Constitution and adopt a commission form like that of Switzerland or abolish the ... . . 21 September 1931 . 14 May 2009.
  211. Book: Lijphart, Arend . Arend Lijphart . Democracy in plural societies . 1980 . . Switzerland and republican Austria have not been colonial powers, but some attention should be paid to the case of Uruguay for which Swiss democracy served ... . 0-300-02494-0.
  212. Web site: Key data for the Oriental Republic of Uruguay . 14 May 2009 . Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  213. News: Gold Flows to 'Switzerland of Americas' Since Korean War . Uruguay's role as the "Switzerland of the Americas" was emphasized late in 1950 as ... . . 3 January 1951 . 14 May 2009.
  214. Thomas J. Knight, Latin America comes of age (Scarecrow Press, 1979), 24.
  215. Web site: Switzerland. 20 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160109174359/http://azembassy.ch/. 9 January 2016. dead.
  216. Web site: Error. admin.ch.
  217. http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/achind.html Representations in Switzerland
  218. http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/embnd.html Embassy New Delhi
  219. Web site: Error. dfae.ch.
  220. Web site: La présidente indienne Pratibha Devisingh Patil sera en Suisse lundi et mardi pour une visite d'Etat. rts.ch. 21 February 2015.
  221. News: Indonesia and Switzerland Share Common Principles . 2 August 2012 . . 17 December 2018 . 17 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181217112602/https://jakartaglobe.id/archive/indonesia-and-switzerland-share-common-principles/ . dead.
  222. Web site: Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Indonesia. 7 November 2012. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland. 17 June 2013.
  223. Web site: List of Agreements Between the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Indonesia . Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia . 17 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100521122234/http://www.deplu.go.id/Daftar%20Perjanjian%20Internasional/swiss.htm . 21 May 2010.
  224. Web site: 북한 스위스 수교 : 네이버 통합검색. search.naver.com.
  225. Web site: 2015-06-09. İLETİŞİM – Cenevre Temsilciliği. 2021-10-29. tr.
  226. Web site: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Pakistan. 20 February 2015.
  227. https://www.nation.com.pk/30-Jul-2010/switzerland-ranks-5th-for-fdi-in-pakistan
  228. Web site: Archived copy . 2009-04-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100524170403/http://www.opf.org.pk/download/anual/YEARBK.pdf . 24 May 2010 . dmy.
  229. Web site: Representative Office of Switzerland Ramallah . 2024-01-02 . www.eda.admin.ch . en.
  230. Web site: Philippine Embassy | Bern, Switzerland . Philembassyberne.ch . 2 June 2012.
  231. Web site: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe. https://web.archive.org/web/20131224083950/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070823/1_24593.jsp?menu=m_30_40. dead. 2013-12-24. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea.
  232. Web site: 주 스위스 대한민국 대사관. overseas.mofa.go.kr.
  233. Web site: Schweizerische Botschaft in der Republik Korea. eda.admin.ch.
  234. Book: Dictionnaire historique & biographique de la Suisse : publié avec la recommandation de la Société générale suisse d'histoire et sous la direction de Marcel Godet, Henri Türler [et] Victor Attinger avec de nombreux collaborateurs de tous les cantons ]. 13 April 2024 . 1921 . 23 . fr.
  235. Web site: Министерство на външните работи. Министерство на външните работи. 17 September 2020. 22 April 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090422032509/http://www.mfa.bg/berne/. dead.
  236. Web site: Schweizerische Botschaft in Bulgarien. eda.admin.ch.
  237. Web site: MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Švicarska, Zagreb . Mvep.hr . 30 January 1992 . 30 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160509224018/http://www.mvep.hr/hr/predstavnistva/veleposlanstva-stranih-drzava-u-rh/svicarska-zagreb,217.html#p . 9 May 2016 . live.
  238. Web site: Embassy of France in Bern.
  239. Web site: Embassy of Switzerland in Paris.
  240. Web site: Bundesrat anerkennt Kosovo. Tages-Anzeiger. 27 February 2008. de. 27 February 2008.
  241. Web site: Switzerland set to open embassy in Kosovo. Swissinfo. 28 March 2008.
  242. Web site: 20 minutes – Berne a émis des réserves sur la nomination de Naim Mala – Suisse. 20 Minutes. 25 September 2008.
  243. http://www.nato.int/kfor/structur/nations/placemap/kfor_placemat.pdf "Kosovo Force (KFOR)"
  244. Web site: Les relations économiques entre la Roumanie et la Suisse s'amélioreront après l'adhésion à l'UE, estime la ministre suisse des AE . Investir en Roumanie . fr . 6 June 2006 . 7 May 2009.
  245. Web site: Micheline Calmy-Rey est en visite officielle en Roumanie . Swissinfo . fr . 6 June 2006 . 7 May 2009.
  246. Web site: Suisse-Roumanie: du pain sur la planche . Swissinfo . fr . 4 December 2007 . 7 May 2009.
  247. Web site: Serbian embassy in Bern. 20 February 2015.
  248. http://www.konzulat.ch/ Serbian general consulate in Zürich (in German only)
  249. Web site: Embassy of Switzerland in Serbia. 20 February 2015.
  250. News: Erstmals über eine Million EU- und EFTA Angehörige in der Schweiz . Neue Zürcher Zeitung . 14 October 2008.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Foreign relations of Switzerland".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.