Foreign relations of South Sudan explained
The Republic of South Sudan established relations with sovereign states and international organizations following independence on 9 July 2011. South Sudan's former ruling country of Sudan was the first state in the world to recognize South Sudan.
Foreign policy
In the immediate aftermath of the country's independence, South Sudan's foreign policy prerogative was seen as a challenge in the quest to balance relations between the West, other African states and the Arab states.[1] Since independence, South Sudan has sought to shed its reliance on Sudan, reportedly planning to introduce the Swahili language and orient itself toward East Africa.[2] [3] [4]
Diplomatic relations
Sudan was the first country to recognise the independence of South Sudan on 8 July 2011, 1 day prior to independence. Four other states followed suit on 8 July. Over 25 countries had recognised the country on 9 July, including all permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
On 14 July 2011, South Sudan was admitted as a member of the United Nations without a vote[10] [11] or objections raised by its members.[12] [13] [14]
List of countries which South Sudan maintains diplomatic relations with:
Representation in South Sudan
The United States upgraded its Juba consulate to an embassy on 9 July 2011,[103] as did France.[104] Also Sudan has announced that it plans to open an embassy in Juba, upon independence,[105] while Egypt has announced it intends to convert its existing consulate in Juba into a full embassy.[106] [107] The United Kingdom has opened an embassy in South Sudan, as well.[108]
On 16 September 2011, the ambassadors of the United Kingdom and Norway presented their credentials, the first to do so.[109] Credentials were presented on 15 November of that year by Chinese, German and Kenyan ambassadors.[110]
International organisations
South Sudan became a member of the United Nations on 13 July 2011.[111] It joined the African Union on 27 July 2011.[112] It's also a member in: the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
South Sudan has also either applied or is in the process of applying to the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa,[113] the Commonwealth of Nations,[114] the East African Community,[115] the Intergovernmental Authority on Development,[113] the International Monetary Fund,[116] and the World Bank.[117] South Sudan has also been assured membership in the Arab League,[118] should it decide to pursue membership, though it could also opt for observer status.[119] it may also seek membership in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, which has expressed interest in giving South Sudan admission[120] despite not being a majority Muslim state.
On 24 July 2011, President Salva Kiir told the Speaker of the East African Legislative Assembly that he hoped the EAC will consider expediting South Sudan's accession to the supranational organisation. South Sudan is considered very likely to join the EAC, but an exact timetable for admission has not yet been mooted publicly.[121]
South Sudan is observer state of Non-Aligned Movement.
International organisation | Status |
---|
(EAC) | South Sudan's membership in the EAC is favoured by all members.[122] |
(IOC) | South Sudan does not as yet have a National Olympic Committee. A South Sudanese marathon runner competed as an Independent Olympian at the 2012 London Olympics. On 7 November 2015, South Sudan became 206th IOC Member State. |
(UN) | On 14 July, South Sudan became 193rd UN Member State.[123] |
FIFA (FIFA) | On 25 May 2012, South Sudan became the 209th member of FIFA.[124] | |
Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|
< style="background: silver;" | Argentina | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Argentina recognized South Sudan on 2 August 2011.[125]
|
Canada | | - Canada recognized South Sudan on 7 July 2011.[126]
- Canada has an embassy in Juba.[127]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Chile | < style="background: silver;" | N/A[128] | < style="background: silver;" | - Chile recognized South Sudan on 7 July 2011.[129]
|
Brazil | | - Brazil recognized and established diplomatic relations with South Sudan on 9 July 2011.
|
< style="background: silver;" | Colombia | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Colombia recognized South Sudan 16 July 2011.[130]
|
Cuba | | - Cuba recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[131]
|
Dominican Republic | [132] | |
Ecuador | [133] | |
< style="background: silver;" | Guyana | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Guyana recognized South Sudan on 14 July 2011.[134]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Jamaica | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Jamaica recognized South Sudan on 6 October 2011.[135]
|
Mexico | [136] | - Mexico recognized South Sudan on 14 July 2011.
- Mexico is represented in South Sudan through its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[137]
|
Nicaragua | | |
Panama | N/A | - Panama recognized South Sudan on 18 August 2011.[138]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Peru | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Peru recognized South Sudan on 14 July 2011.[139]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Suriname | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Suriname recognized South Sudan on 20 July 2011.[140]
|
United States | [141] | - United States recognized and established diplomatic relations with South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[142]
- United States has an embassy in Juba.[143]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Uruguay | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Uruguay recognized South Sudan on 13 July 2011.[144]
|
| [145] | - Venezuela recognized South Sudan on 26 December 2011.
| |
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|
< style="background: silver;" | Armenia | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Armenia recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[146]
|
Azerbaijan | [147] | |
Bahrain | | - Bahrain recognized South Sudan on 10 July 2011.[148]
|
Bangladesh | | - Bangladesh recognized South Sudan on 20 July 2011.[149]
|
Cambodia | | - Cambodia recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[150]
|
China | | - China recognized and established diplomatic relations with South Sudan on 9 July 2011[151]
|
Georgia | | |
India | | - India recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011 and the consulate was upgraded to an embassy in March 2012
|
Indonesia | | - Indonesia recognized South Sudan on 12 July 2011[152]
|
Israel | | - Israel recognized South Sudan on 10 July 2011.[153]
|
< style="background: silver;" | | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Iran recognized South Sudan on 16 July 2011.[154]
|
Japan | | - Japan recognized and established diplomatic relations with South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[155]
|
Jordan | Before | - Jordan recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[156]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Kazakhstan | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Kazakhstan recognized South Sudan on 15 July 2011.[157]
|
Kuwait | | |
< style="background: silver;" | Kyrgyzstan | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Kyrgyzstan recognized South Sudan on 14 July 2011.[158]
|
< style="background: silver;" | | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Laos recognized South Sudan on 26 December 2011.
|
Lebanon | | - Lebanon recognized South Sudan on 18 July 2011.[159]
|
Malaysia | |
Maldives | | - Maldives recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[160]
|
Mongolia | | |
Nepal | 28 March 2022[161] | |
| | - North Korea recognized South Sudan on 15 July 2011.[162]
|
Oman | | |
Pakistan | | - Pakistan recognized South Sudan on 22 July 2011.[163]
|
Philippines | | - The Philippines recognized South Sudan on 1 August 2011.[164]
|
Qatar | | - Qatar recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011[165]
|
Saudi Arabia | Before 3 December 2013 | - Saudi Arabia recognized South Sudan on 11 July 2011[166]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Singapore | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Singapore recognized South Sudan on 14 July 2011.[167]
|
| [168] | - South Korea recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011
|
Sri Lanka | | |
Thailand | | - Thailand recognized South Sudan on 6 September 2011.[169]
|
Turkey | [170] | - Turkey recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[171]
|
Turkmenistan | | |
United Arab Emirates | Before April 2019[172] | - The United Arab Emirates recognized South Sudan on 11 July 2011.
|
| | - Vietnam recognized South Sudan on 10 July 2011.[173]
|
< style="background: silver;" | Yemen | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Yemen recognized South Sudan on .[174]
| |
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|
| | - Australia recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[175]
- Australia is represented in South Sudan through its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[176]
|
Fiji | [177] | - Fiji is represented in South Sudan through its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[178]
|
Timor-Leste | | |
< style="background: silver;" | Vanuatu | < style="background: silver;" | N/A | < style="background: silver;" | - Vanuatu recognized South Sudan on 28 September 2011.[179]
| |
Other continents
Bangladesh
See main article: Bangladesh–South Sudan relations.
Bangladesh recognizes the independence of South Sudan on 20 July 2011.
China
See main article: China–South Sudan relations.
China recognizes the independence of South Sudan on 9 July 2011.[180]
Comoros
First ambassador of South Sudan to Comoros presented his credentials to Comoros in 2018.[181]
Denmark
First ambassador of South Sudan to Denmark presented his credentials to Denmark in 2016.[182]
Egypt
See main article: Egypt–South Sudan relations.
Essam Sharaf, Prime Minister of Egypt after the Arab Spring-inspired revolution in 2011 made his first foreign visit to Khartoum and Juba in the lead-up to South Sudan's secession.[183] Egypt was one of four countries to recognise South Sudan as an independent state on the first day.
India
See main article: India–South Sudan relations.
India recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011
Israel
See main article: Israel–South Sudan relations.
Relations between the two states commenced with Israel's recognition of South Sudan a day after its independence[184] and South Sudan announcing the following week its intention to establish full diplomatic relations with Israel.[185] On 28 July 2011, it was announced that full diplomatic ties had been established between the two countries.[186] This was considered a significant boon to Israel, as Sudan did not have diplomatic relations with Israel and did not recognize Israeli sovereignty. This changed under the Israel–Sudan normalization agreement.
Economic ties show the most potential. As of 23 July 2011, several Israeli companies are already in talks for various business deals.[187] Israel is host to thousands of refugees from South Sudan, who are now ready to return to their native country.[188]
South Korea
See main article: Foreign relations of the Republic of Korea.
The Republic of Korea government is providing for the South Korean[189] military to South Sudan in UN Mission (UNMISS) in South Sudan.
Sudan
See main article: South Sudan–Sudan relations.
Since independence relations with Sudan have been under negotiation. Sudan's then President Omar al-Bashir first announced, in January 2011, that dual citizenship in the North and the South would be allowed,[190] but upon the independence of South Sudan he retracted the offer. He has also suggested an EU-style confederation.[191] In February 2012, an agreement was reached by which citizens of both countries could live, work, and own property in both countries, and freely travel between the two.[192]
Turkey
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2012[193]
Uganda
See main article: South Sudan–Uganda relations.
Prior to independence relations between the two states were fostered through cultural contacts such as the presence of South Sudanese students in Uganda. As independence approaches the two states started to enhance their economic ties. However, the Lord's Resistance Army's presence in South Sudan was a stumbling block.
South Sudan and the Commonwealth of Nations
See also; South Sudan and the Commonwealth of Nations
South Sudan has applied for full membership of the Commonwealth. If and when it is accepted, South Sudan will become the newest republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/5418/South-Sudan-Launches-Bid-to-Join-Commonwealth.aspx
See also
Notes and References
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