Foreign relations of Guyana explained

After independence in 1966, Guyana sought an influential role in international affairs, particularly among Third World and non-aligned nations. It served twice on the UN Security Council (1975–76 and 1982–83). Former Vice President, Deputy Prime Minister, and Attorney General Mohamed Shahabuddeen served a 9-year term on the International Court of Justice (1987–96). In June 2023, Guyana was elected as a non-permanent member to the UN Security Council. The country will serve on the Council for a period of two years, beginning in January 2024.

Guyana has diplomatic relations with a wide range of nations, and these are managed primarily through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The European Union (EU), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Organization of American States (OAS) have offices in Georgetown.

Regional relations

Guyana strongly supports the concept of regional integration. It played an important role in the founding of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), but its historic status as the organization's poorest member limited its ability to exert leadership in regional activities. Since discovering and developing its offshore oil and gas reserves, Guyana has been reclassified by the World Bank as a high-income country. Guyana has sought to keep foreign policy in close alignment with the consensus of CARICOM members, especially in voting in the UN, OAS, and other international organizations. In 2022, Guyana joined the Regional Security System. The 2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis has compelled Guyana to expand defense and security relations with a variety of countries, namely Brazil, the United States, India, and the United Kingdom.

International disputes

All of the area west of the Essequibo River has at one point been under dispute, namely by Venezuela and Brazil. In 1899, the government in Caracas reluctantly accepted the Venezuelan-Guyanese border but later revived its claim to the Essequibo in 1962. Suriname has an ongoing dispute with Guyana and this pertains to the area east of the Upper Courantyne.

Currently, two neighbours have longstanding territorial disputes with Guyana. Since the 19th century, Venezuela has claimed the majority or all of Guyana situated west of the Essequibo River – 62% of Guyana's territory. At a meeting in Geneva in 1966, the two countries agreed to receive recommendations from a representative of the UN Secretary General on ways to settle the dispute peacefully. Diplomatic contacts between the two countries and the Secretary General's representative continue. In December 2023 president Nicolás Maduro called for a public referendum which resulted in the government of Venezuela officially claiming ownership of the Essequibo, claim that resulted in the 2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis.^{[1] [2]}

Neighbouring Suriname also claims the territory east of Guyana's New River, a largely uninhabited area of some 15000km2 in southeast Guyana. Guyana and Suriname also disputed their offshore maritime boundaries. This dispute flared up in June 2000 in response to an effort by a Canadian company to drill for oil under a Guyanese concession. Guyana regards its legal title to all of its territory as sound. However, the dispute with Suriname was arbitrated by the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea and a ruling in favor of Guyana was announced in September 2007.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Crime

In 1993, Guyana ratified the 1988 Vienna Convention on illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and cooperates with US law enforcement agencies on counter-narcotics efforts. Guyana is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Guyana has been considered a transshipment point for narcotics from South America, primarily Venezuela, to Europe and the United States and producer of cannabis.

Relations by country

List of countries which Guyana has diplomatic relations with:

	Country	Date^[6] ^[7]
1		Unknown^[8]
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16		^[9]
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64		^[10]
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100		^[11]
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
—
117
118
119
—
120
121
122
123
124
125
126		^[12]
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
—	(cancelled)	^[13] ^[14]
139
140
141		^[15]
—
142		^[16]
—
143
144
145
146		^[17]
147
148		^[18]
149		^[19]
150
151		^[20]
152

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Botswana	1975	Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1975. Guyana is covered through the Botswana Mission in New York City.^[21] Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Namibia	1994	Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1994. Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. Guyana is accredited to Namibia from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. Namibia is accredited to Guyana from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
South Africa	4 November 1994	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 November 1994.^[22] South Africa is represented in Guyana through its High Commission in Kingston, Jamaica.

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Argentina	6 October 1972	Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1972.^[23] Argentina has an embassy in Georgetown, Guyana.^[24] Both countries are full members of Organization of American States and Union of South American Nations.
Barbados		See Barbados–Guyana relations The relations between Guyana and Barbados had its genesis to a time when both Guyana (then British Guiana) and Barbados were both British colonies. Shortly after Great Britain secured British Guiana from the Dutch, waves of migrants were encouraged to move and settle in Guyana. Barbados was one such location where large numbers of migrants came from. Through time Barbados and Guyana have both supported each other. With the move towards independence in the region Guyana was seen as the breadbasket of the wider Caribbean which led to yet more waves of Barbadians seeking to move to Guyana for better opportunities. Relations have been rocky, during the 1990s, immigration became contentious for Guyanese persons to Barbados. Such terms as the "Guyanese bench" in the immigration area of the Barbados Sir Grantley Adams International Airport have tested both states at times. The two nations continue their cooperation through the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and work towards building and maintaining good relations between their nationals. Both nations also attempt to maintain open communications at high levels of both Governments. More recently the Guyanese Government has extended an offer to Barbadians.^[25] ^[26] The Guyanese government has offered to put in place an economically favourable regime towards any Barbadians that wish to relocate to Guyana and contribute towards that nation's goals in agricultural investment.^[27] The announcement was made in the final days of the Owen Arthur administration by MP member Mia Mottley. In the early 1990s the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, Patrick Manning pitched an initiative for Barbados, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago to enter into some form of political union or political association. This initiative was short lived and didn't proceed following the Democratic Labour Party's defeat during the 1994 elections.
Brazil		See Brazil–Guyana relations Brazil–Guyana relations have traditionally been close. Brazil has provided military assistance to Guyana in the form of war fare training and logistics. Bilateral relations between the countries have recently increased, as a result of Brazil's new South-South foreign policy aimed to strengthen South American integration. During a state visit by Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to Georgetown on 2 March 2007, the governments of Guyana and Brazil signed several cooperation agreements and announced plans to boost trade between the two countries.
Canada		Canada started relations with Guyana in 1964^[28] with the construction of the Commission of Canada in Georgetown. In 1966 it became a Canadian High Commission. There is a Guyanese High Commission in Ottawa and a Guyanese Consulate in Toronto. Canada and Guyana have strong ties through the Commonwealth of Nations. There is an estimated 200,000 Guyanese living in Canada. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Guyanese police work closely to help with drug, and human smuggling. Guyana's largest import from Canada is machinery (CAD $13 mil), and export is precious metals (CAD$482 mil).^[29] Food exports generally cater to Canada's Guyanese diaspora population.^[30]
Dominica	3 November 1978	Dominica and Guyana have established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978.^[31] Guyana has a High Commission in Roseau.^[32]
Mexico	1 March 1973	See Guyana–Mexico relations Guyana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.^[33] Mexico has an embassy in Georgetown.^[34]
Suriname	25 November 1975	See Guyana–Suriname relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1975. Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States, and of the Caribbean Community. There is an ongoing territorial dispute between Guyana and Suriname regarding the Tigri Area.
Trinidad and Tobago	26 May 1966	See Guyana-Trinidad and Tobago relations Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago have had historically close ties due to their shared culture, history, dominion under the British empire, demographics and religion. Both Countries have a substantial population of Hindus from indentured servitude from India along with a large African population from Africa. Both countries are a part of the Commonwealth of Nations and CARICOM. Trinidad was the largest forgiver of debt in the 1990s Paris Club Agreement to Guyana, forgiving Hundred of Millions of Debt. A substantial number of Guyanese people live in Trinidad and Tobago. In recent years, relations between the two countries warmed with Guyana establishing its First Diplomatic Mission in Port of Spain in 2017. In 2018, they signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Energy Cooperation.
United States		See Guyana–United States relations U.S. policy toward The Co-operative Republic of Guyana seeks to develop robust, sustainable democratic institutions, laws, and political practices; support economic growth and development; and promote stability and security. During the last years of his administration, President Hoyte sought to improve relations with the United States as part of a decision to move his country toward genuine political nonalignment. Relations also were improved by Hoyte's efforts to respect human rights, invite international observers for the 1992 elections, and reform electoral laws. The United States also welcomed the Hoyte government's economic reform and efforts, which stimulated investment and growth. The 1992 democratic elections and Guyana's reaffirmation of sound economic policies and respect for human rights have placed U.S.-Guyanese relations on an excellent footing. Under successive PPP governments, the United States and Guyana continued to improve relations. President Cheddi Jagan was committed to democracy, adopted more free market policies, and pursued sustainable development for Guyana's environment. Guyana has an embassy in Washington, DC and a consulate-general in New York City. United States has an embassy in Georgetown.^[35]
Uruguay	1985	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1985. Both countries are full members of Organization of American States and Union of South American Nations.
		See Guyana–Venezuela relations Venezuela claimed more than half of the territory of the British colony of Guyana at the time of the Latin American wars of independence, a dispute that was settled by arbitration in 1899. In 1962 Venezuela declared that it would no longer abide by the arbitration decision, which ceded mineral-rich territory in the Orinoco basin to Guyana. The area is called "Guayana Esequiba" by Venezuela. A border commission was set up in 1966 with representatives from Guyana, Venezuela and Great Britain, but failed to reach agreement. Venezuela vetoed Guyana's bid to become a member of the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1967. In 1969 Venezuela backed an abortive uprising in the disputed area. Under intense diplomatic pressure, Venezuela agreed in 1970 to a 12-year moratorium on the dispute with the Protocol of Port-of-Spain. In 1981, Venezuela refused to renew the protocol. However, with changes to the governments of both countries relations improved, to the extent that in 1990 Venezuela sponsored Guyana's bid for OAS membership in 1990.^[36] ^[37]

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
China		Bilateral relations are good and progress on the economic side.^[38] In 2022 exports from Guyana to China reached sum $1 billion dollars.^[39] Currently Chinese state owned companies are working to construct the largest bridge in Guyana which will span the Demerara River.^[40]
India		See Guyana–India relations Relations between India and Guyana ever since the independence of Guyana in May 1966 have been cordial. The cordiality in the relation remains unaffected with changes in governments either in India or in Guyana. Late Shrimati Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, visited Guyana in 1968, late Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, the then Vice President of India visited Guyana in 1988 and Shri Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the then Vice President of India came on a state visit to Guyana in 2006.^[41] The cooperation between the two countries in sharing developmental experience is mainly routed through Indian Technical & Economic Cooperation (ITEC) under which forty scholarships are granted every year in various courses. Besides, some experts are also deputed to Guyana from time to time on request in specified areas of activity. Several other scholarships are also available to Guyanese to pursue long-term courses, to get acquainted with India and to learn Hindi language in India. India has offered credit facilities to Guyana for use in mutually accepted designated fields, agriculture and information technology, being two of these. Indian companies have also expressed interest in bio fuel, energy, minerals and pharmaceuticals. Total trade turn over remains low, though the trend is positive. Indian Cultural Centre in Georgetown was established in 1972 with the objective of strengthening cultural relations and mutual understanding between India and Guyana and their peoples. The Centre runs regular classes in Yoga and Dance (Kathak). The centre has a well equipped Auditorium where cultural events are organised on a regular basis. The teachers and students of ICC participate in events by the local community on various occasions round the year. The centre has a library with books/publications on history, literature, art, culture, mythology and works of eminent scholars and authors. An important cultural connection between India and Guyana is cricket. With the advent of the Indian Premier League, many Guyanese players were contracted to play in India.
Qatar		Guyana has an embassy in Doha. Qatar has an embassy in Georgetown.
	June 13, 1968	The Republic of Guyana and The Republic of Korea established diplomatic relations on 1968-06-13.^[42]

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Croatia	25 February 2003	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 2003.^[43] Croatia is represented in Guyana through its Permanent Mission in New York City.^[44]
Cyprus	11 May 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relation on 11 May 2011.^[45] Cyprus is represented in Guyana by its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.^[46] Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Denmark	16 November 1979	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1979. Denmark is represented in Guyana, through its embassy in Brasília.^[47] Guyana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.
Finland	1979	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 April 1979. Guyana is represented in Finland by their embassy in Brussels, Belgium. Finland also has an honorary consulate general in Georgetown.
France	1967	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1967. France is represented in Guyana through its embassy in Paramaribo, Suriname.^[48] France has an honorary consulate in Guyana.^[49] Both countries have passed a number of bilateral treaties.^[50]
Germany	1966	See: Germany–Guyana relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966.^[51] Germany is represented in Guyana through its embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.^[52]
Georgia	23 April 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 2012.^[53] Bilateral political consultations between the Foreign Agencies cooperation is ongoing between both countries in political, legal, cultural, trade and economic relations. Cooperation concerning the academic exchanges is successfully implemented.
Greece	14 May 1979	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1979. Greece is represented in Guyana by its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.^[54] Greece has provided Guyana with development aid in the past.
Netherlands	15 May 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1970.^[55] Netherlands is represented in Guyana by its embassy in Paramaribo, Suriname Suriname is represented in the Netherlands by its embassy in Brussels, Belgium
	17 December 1970	See Guyana–Russia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 1970. Guyana is represented in Russia by its High Commission in(London, United Kingdom. Russia is represented in Guyana by its embassy in Georgetown, Guyana.
Serbia	5 November 1968	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1968.^[56] Serbia is represented in Guyana through its embassy in Washington, D.C.^[57]
United Kingdom	26 May 1966	See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom Guyana established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on the 26 May 1966.^[58] Guyana maintains a high commission in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Guyana through its high commission in Georgetown.^[59] The UK governed Guyana from 1803 to 1966, when Guyana achieved full independence. Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,^[60] the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.^[61] Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.^[62]

Oceania

See also

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Guyana)
• List of diplomatic missions in Guyana
• List of diplomatic missions of Guyana

References and notes

^[65]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Venezuelans approve a referendum to claim sovereignty over a swathe of neighboring Guyana . 2023-12-06 . ABC News . en.
2. News: Associated Press . 2023-12-03 . Tensions rise as Venezuelans vote on disputed territory in neighbouring Guyana . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-12-06 . 0261-3077.
3. Web site: Welcome to guyanachronicle.com . 9 July 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090406062803/http://www.guyanachronicle.com/ARCHIVES/archive%2017-06-07.html#Anchor----------24128 . 6 April 2009 . dead .
4. http://landofsixpeoples.com/news701/nk0702053.html Guyana to experience ‘massive' oil exploration this year
5. http://www.caribbean360.com/News/Business/Stories/2007/04/27/NEWS0000004303.html Business: News in the Caribbean – Caribbean360.com
6. Web site: Diplomatic relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190216065040/https://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ . 16 February 2019 . 21 April 2021.
7. Web site: Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf . 7 March 2016 . 16 July 2016.
8. News: 28 May 2018 . ST. KITTS AND NEVIS' PRIME MINISTER CONGRATULATES GUYANA ON ITS 52nd ANNIVERSARY OF INDEPENDENCE . 21 April 2021.
9. Web site: 16 April 2021 . Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations . https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations . 8 March 2016 . 16 April 2021.
10. Book: Petruf, Pavol . Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 . 99–119 . sk.
11. Book: Belize Today . Government Information Service . 1992 . 7.
12. Web site: Guyana . 21 April 2021 . MFA of Armenia.
13. News: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open mission here . Guyana Times . 2012-07-26 . 2012-08-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120805033503/http://www.guyanatimesgy.com/2012/07/26/sahrawi-arab-democratic-republic-to-open-mission-here/ . August 5, 2012 .
14. News: Lehbib Breika presents credentials as SADR ambassador to Guyana . . 2013-12-12 . 2013-12-12 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150509032849/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/lehbib-breika-presents-credentials-sadr-ambassador-guyana . 2015-05-09 .
15. Web site: 15 January 2013 . Guyana and Kazakhstan establish diplomatic relations . 21 April 2021.
16. Web site: Diplomatic relations between Guyana and ... . 21 April 2021 . United Nations Digital Library.
17. News: 17 February 2019 . Guyana establishes diplomatic ties with San Marino . Guyana Chronicle . 21 April 2021.
18. Web site: 19 September 2022 . Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Hon. Hugh Hilton Todd, earlier today signed a joint communique . 19 September 2022.
19. News: 11 October 2022 . Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with Cooperative Republic of Guyana . 11 October 2022.
20. News: 25 June 2024 . Belize Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Guyana, Opens High Commission . 26 June 2024.
21. Web site: Bilateral Relations: G . www.mofaic.gov.bw . 13 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170101011051/http://www.mofaic.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=140:bilateral-relations-g&catid=2&Itemid=43 . 1 January 2017 . dead.
22. Web site: South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation . 18 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161119063851/http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/guyana.html . 19 November 2016 . dead .
23. Web site: Archived copy . 16 July 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf . 7 March 2016 .
24. Web site: Embajada en Guyana . es . Eguya.cancilleria.gov.ar . 2022-09-23.
25. Web site: The Nation Newspaper | the Guyana land offer to Barbados . 14 December 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080613024402/http://www.nationnews.com/editorial/290067331009302.php . 13 June 2008 .
26. Web site: The Nation Newspaper | Guyana land lease offer 'ridiculous' . 14 December 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071211110339/http://www.nationnews.com/story/295149528688190.php . 11 December 2007 .
27. Web site: The Nation Newspaper | Guyana low cost land . 14 December 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071104030805/http://www.nationnews.com/story/322339239970550.php . 4 November 2007 .
28. Web site: Canada. Global Affairs. 2008-11-04. Canada - Guyana Relations. 2021-01-05. GAC.
29. Web site: Canada. Global Affairs. 2008-11-04. Fact Sheet. 2021-02-14. www.canadainternational.gc.ca.
30. Web site: 2008-10-31. Guyana's exports to Canada enjoyed mixed blessings in last five years. 2021-02-14. Stabroek News. en-US.
31. Web site: Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf. 7 March 2016.
32. http://www.guyana.org/govt/foreign_missions.html Guyana's Diplomatic & Consular Representatives
33. Web site: Non-resident ambassador of Guyana presents letter of accreditation to the President of Mexico (in Spanish) . 3 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140306061423/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/diez-nuevos-embajadores-acreditados-ante-mexico . 6 March 2014 . dead .
34. http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/guyana/ Embassy of Mexico in Georgetown (in English and Spanish)
35. Web site: Embassy of the United States in Georgetown . 21 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141014221933/http://georgetown.usembassy.gov/ . 14 October 2014 . dead .
36. Web site: Relations with Venezuela . U.S. Library of Congress . 9 June 2009.
37. Web site: The Trail of Diplomacy . Guyana News and Information . 9 June 2009.
38. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/ldmzs_664952/gjlb_664956/3498_665088/ China ministry of foreign affairs
39. https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/china-guyana-trade-near-one-billion-us-dollars-so-far-this-year/ China-Guyana trade near one billion US dollars so far this year
40. News: David Papannah . New bridge over Demerara closer . 4 January 2023 . Stabroek News . 26 May 2022.
41. http://www.hcigeorgetown.org.gy/ Indian High Commission Guyana
42. Web site: Search | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea .
43. http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations/overview-by-country/guyana,182.html Ministry of foreign affairs of Croatia
44. http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/guyana-new-york,388.html#p Ministry of foreign affairs of Croatia
45. Web site: Cyprus Foreign ministry . 18 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161119055826/http://www.olc.gov.cy/olc/olc.nsf/all/B0E3A9DDE7E6AA0442257A7E002FCF68/$file/GUYANA.pdf?openelement . 19 November 2016 . dead .
46. http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2016.nsf/mfa32_en/mfa32_en?OpenDocument Cyprus Foreign ministry
47. Web site: Danish Consulate in Guyana. Danish embassy in Brasilia, Brazil. 28 February 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111008052138/http://www.ambbrasilia.um.dk/da/servicemenu/Kontakt/DanskKonsulatIGuyana/. 8 October 2011.
48. Web site: Embassy of France in Paramaribo . 18 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161119061328/http://www.ambafrance-sr.org/ . 19 November 2016 . dead .
49. Web site: Ambassade de France au Suriname et au Guyana.
50. http://basedoc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/exl-php/cadcgp.php? French ministry of foreign affairs (in French)
51. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/EN/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Laender/Guyana.html?nnm=479780 German Ministry of foreign affairs
52. http://www.port-of-spain.diplo.de/ Germany's embassy in Port of Spain
53. Web site: Ministry of foreign affairs of Georgia . 18 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064655/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90.aspx?lang=en-US . 19 November 2016 . dead .
54. http://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/guyana/ Greek Ministry of foreign affairs
55. Web site: Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs . 24 June 2024 .
56. Web site: Ministry of foreign affairs of Serbia . 18 November 2016 . 19 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064411/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12286-guyana . dead .
57. Web site: Ministry of foreign affairs of Serbia . 18 November 2016 . 19 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064214/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/embassies/serbian-diplomatic-missions/other-serbia-nonresidential-countries/319-other-countries-rs/319-guyana . dead .
58. Web site: Diplomatic Relations. Guyana High Commission UK. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20240601230906/https://www.londonhc.mission.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations. 1 June 2024. 2 June 2024.
59. Web site: British High Commission Georgetown. GOV.UK. 2 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240601231743/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-georgetown. 1 June 2024. live.
60. News: Politi. James. 19 September 2023. US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact. Financial Times. 19 January 2024. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20240119085952/https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d. 19 January 2024. live.
61. Web site: Partington. Richard. UK secures post-Brexit trade deal with group of Caribbean countries. The Guardian. 22 March 2019. 11 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829163029/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries. 29 August 2023. live.
62. Web site: Guyana - United Kingdom BIT (1989). UN Trade and Development. 2 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240227113129/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/1852/guyana---united-kingdom-bit-1989-. 27 February 2024. live.
63. http://trinidadandtobago.embassy.gov.au/ Australia's High Commission in Port of Spain
64. http://dfat.gov.au/geo/guyana/Pages/guyana.aspx Australia's Department of foreign affairs and trade
65. Web site: Guyana to join the UN Security Council as new non-permanent member United Nations in Guyana . 2023-06-13 . guyana.un.org . en.