Foreign relations of Benin explained

After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.

In recent years Benin has strengthened ties with France, the former colonial power, as well as the United States and the main international lending institutions. Benin has also adopted a mediating role in the political crises in Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo and provided a contribution to the United Nations force in Haiti, all of which were indications of the country's growing confidence in the international community. Some of the allies of Benin are France, India, US, UK, Netherlands, Ghana, and China.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Benin maintains diplomatic relations with:

CountryDate
1
2
3
4
5
6[1]
7[2]
8[3]
9[4]
10
11[5]
12
13
14[6]
15[7]
16
17[8]
18
19
20[9]
21[10]
22[11]
23[12]
24[13]
25[14]
26[15]
27
28[16]
29[17]
30[18]
31[19]
32
33[20]
34
35
36[21]
37[22]
38
39
40
41[23]
42
43[24]
44
45[25]
46[26]
47[27]
—[28]
—[29]
48[30]
49[31]
50[32]
51[33]
52
53
54[34]
55[35]
56[36]
57[37]
58[38]
59[39]
60[40]
61[41]
62[42]
63[43]
64[44]
65
66[45]
67
68
69
70[46]
71
72[47]
73[48]
74
—[49]
75[50]
76[51]
77[52]
78[53]
79[54]
80[55]
81[56]
82[57]
83[58]
84[59]
85[60]
86[61]
87[62]
88
89[63]
90[64]
91[65]
92[66]
93
94[67]
95[68]
96[69]
97[70]
98[71]
99[72]
100[73]
101[74]
102[75]
103[76]
104[77]
105[78]
106[79]
107[80]
108[81]
109[82]
110[83]
111[84]
112[85]
113
114[86]
115[87]
116[88]
117[89]
118[90]
119[91]
120[92]
121[93]
122[94]
123[95]
124[96]
125[97]
126[98]
127[99]
128
129[100]
130[101]
131[102]
132[103]
133[104]
134
135
136[105]
137[106]
138[107]
139[108]
140[109]
141[110]
142[111]
143[112]
144[113]
145[114]
146[115]
147[116]
148[117]
149[118]
150[119]
151[120]
152[121]
153[122]
154[123]
155[124]
156[125]
157[126]
158[127]
159
160Unknown
161Unknown
162Unknown[128]
163Unknown
164Unknown
165Unknown
166Unknown
167Unknown
168Unknown
169Unknown
170Unknown
171Unknown
172Unknown

Bilateral relations

Sovereign stateFormal Relations BeganNotes
7 November 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 1964 when Algeria's first Ambassador to Dahomey Mr. Tahar Gaid presented his letters of credence[129]
14 July 2008Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 2008 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Benin to Bangladesh (resident in Beijing) Mr. Sedozan Jean-Claude Apithy.[130]
Brazil17 May 1961
Burkina FasoIn September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from a 2005 ICJ decision.
China12 November 1964See Benin–China relationsThe People's Republic of China and the Republic of Benin established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1964, yet in January 1966, Benin unilaterally severed the relations with China and the April that year to "resume relations" with Taiwan. On December 29, 1972, the Mathieu Kérékon Government restored the relations with China and then the relations saw a favorable development afterwards.[131]
  • Benin has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Cotonou.
17 May 2018Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 2018 when Ambassador of Benin to Comoros (resident in Pretoria) Mr. Erick Franck Saїzonou presented his credentials to President Azali Assoumani.[132]
1961Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961 when has been accredited Mr. Paul Fabo as Chargé d'Affaires of Dahomey to Leopoldville (Kinshasa) (1961–1963) and later ambassador to DRC (Zaire) (1963–1973).[133]
28 October 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1983 when Ambassador of Benin to Côte d'Ivoire Mr. Benon Nicolas presented his credentials to President Houphouët - Boigny.[134]
Cuba1 February 1974
  • Benin has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Cotonou.
Denmark15 December 1964See Benin–Denmark relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when was accredited first ambassador of Dahomey to Denmark Dr. Nicolas Amoussou Ewagnignon[135]
  • Denmark is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
15 December 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when decided to open Embassy of Egypt in Dahomey.[136]
10 April 1981Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1981 when first Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to Benin presented his credentials to Head of State, Colonel Mathieu Kérékou.[137]
Ethiopia7 May 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1966 when first Ambassador of Ethiopia to Dahomey (resident in Lagos) Mr. Dawit Abdou presented his credentials.[138]
  • Benin has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
France2 August 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1960[139]
  • Benin has an embassy in Paris.[140]
  • France has an embassy in Cotonou.[141]
29 October 1969Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1969 when Gabon's new Ambassador to Dahomey (Benin), M. Marcel Sandoungout, has presented his credentials to President Zinsou.
12 August 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1960 when first Ambassador of FRG to Dahomey (resident in Abidjan) Mr. Theodor Axenfeld presented his credentials[142]
Ghana20 June 1962
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Ghana.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Cotonou.
26 February 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.[143]
HaitiDecember 1960See Benin–Haiti relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations in December 1960 with opened Embassy of Haiti in Dahomey. It was closed in 1963 and reopened in Cotonou in February 2004. Embassy Haiti in Benin was finally closed on 11 December 2018.[144]

The two countries share an extensive cultural history by way of the Atlantic slave trade and the resulting importing of Vodou as a religious force in Haitian society.

  • Benin does not have an accreditation to Haiti.
  • Haiti is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Paris, France.
India25 June 1963See Benin–India relations
  • India is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Israel5 December 1961
  • Israel is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
30 November 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1961 when first ambassador of Italy to Dahomey Mr. Renzo Luigi Romanelli presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga[145]
Japan1961
  • Benin has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Cotonou.
Kenya12 March 1982See Benin–Kenya relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Mr. Alfred Imbahale Machayo presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[146]
  • Benin is accredited to Kenya from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Kenya's is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Kuwait24 December 1987
  • Benin has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Cotonou.
27 June 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1962 when first ambassador of Lebanon to Dahomey presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga.[147]
27 August 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1965 when first ambassador of Mali to Dahomey (resident in Niamey) Mr. Hangadoumbo Toure presented his credentials.[148]
Mexico30 October 1975
  • Benin is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[149]
  • Mexico is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria and has an honorary consulate in Cotonou.[150]
Morocco5 November 1966
  • Benin has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Cotonou.
NigerDespite the occasional recurrence of a border conflict over Lete Island in the Niger River, Benin and Niger, both former French subjects of French West Africa, relations are close. Niger relies on the port at Cotonou, and to a lesser degree Lomé (Togo), and Port Harcourt (Nigeria), as its main route to overseas trade. Niger operates a Nigerien Ports Authority station, as well as customs and tax offices in a section of Cotonou's port, so that imports and exports can be directly transported between Gaya and the port. French Uranium mines in Arlit, which produce Niger's largest exports by value, travel through this port to France or the world market.
Nigeria12 September 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou.[151]

Benin enjoys stable relations with Nigeria, the main regional power. In fact, Benin is dependent on Nigeria for most of its export. Its economy is primarily based on informal trade with Nigeria.

  • Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cotonou.
10 December 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1963 when the Pakistan Government has decided to concurrently accredit M. S. Shaikh, High Commissioner for Pakistan in Nigeria, as the country's ambassador to Dahomey.[152]
8 August 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 August 1997 when has been accredited Ambassador of Philippines to Benin (resident in Lagos) Mr. Masarango Masrumpa.[153]
Qatar2 November 1999
  • Benin has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Cotonou.
4 June 1962See Benin–Russia relations
21 March 1985Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1985 when Ambassador of Rwanda to Benin Mr. Calixte Hatungimana presented his credentials to général Mathieu Kerekou.[154]
12 March 1982Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Somalia to Benin Mr. Hussein Assan Farah presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.
South Africa19 May 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1994[155]
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for South Africa.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Cotonou.
1 August 1961
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for South Korea.
  • South Korea is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
Spain25 March 1966
  • Benin is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
25 May 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1979 when first ambassador of Tanzania to Benin Mr. Mirisho Sarakikya presented his credentials to President M. Kerekou[156]
5 September 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1983 when Ambassador of Benin to Togo (resident in accra) Mr. Lucien Tonoukoin presented his credentials to Head of State General Eyadema.
18 January 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1967 when Tunisian Ambassador to Dahomey, with residence in Abidjan, Mr. Mehiri Abdeljelil, has presented his credentials to General Soglo.[157]
Turkey29 March 1974Benin–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1974 when first Turkish Ambassador Mr. Talat Benler presented his credentials to President Mathieu Kerekou in Cotonou.[158]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Cotonou.[159]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$142 million in 2019.
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Cotonou since 2014.
1 August 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1960 when Mr. R. J. Stratton was appointment as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim of the United Kingdom to Dahomey.[160]
United States1 August 1960See Benin–United States relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1960[161]

The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The U.S. Government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with U.S. values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the U.S. effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.[162]

  • Benin has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Cotonou.
20 June 1991
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Cotonou.
24 February 2014Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2014 when Ambassador of Benin to Yemen Mr. Taher Mohammed Dambaya presented his credentials to President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.[163]
8 February 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1974 when Zambian ambassador Andreya S. Masiye presented credentials to President Kerekou[164]
19 July 2018Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2018 when first ambassador of Benin to Zimbabwe Mr. Eric Saizonou presented his credentials to President Emmerson Mnangagwa.[165]

Transnational Issues

Disputes

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River.

Refugees

Refugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)

Illicit Drugs

Transshipment point used by traffickers for cocaine destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations (2008)

See also

Notes

  1. Book: Belgisch staatsblad Issues 51-77 . 1961 . 2166 . fr,nl.
  2. News: 25 March 2024 . 64ème anniversaire de Sa Majesté Naruhito : Le Bénin et le Japon se félicitent d’un partenariat stratégique . fr.
  3. Web site: Cria uma Embaixada do Brasil na República do Daomei. Decreto nº 50.604, de 17 de maio de 1961 . 3 July 2023 . PORTAL DE LEGISLAÇÃO . pt.
  4. Web site: Benin . 4 February 2024 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea.
  5. Book: Monde colonial illustré Volume 39, Issues 383-392 . Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. . 1961 . 49 . fr.
  6. Book: Yitzhak Oron . Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2 . Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center . 1961 . 335 . 7 December 2023.
  7. Book: Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 . Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken . 1961 . 97 . nl.
  8. Book: Les Élites africaines Volume 2 . Édiafric . 1972 . 93 . fr . COFFI Pierre C. Ivoire Ambassadeur des Etats du Conseil de l'Entente au Libéria et en Sierra- Leone (1961-1969) ;.
  9. Web site: A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 . 26 April 2023 . Canadian Global Affairs Institute.
  10. Web site: Today marks 60 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Benin! . 16 May 2023 . MFA Russia.
  11. Book: Daily report, foreign radio broadcasts 1962 no.114-115 . 1962 . 142.
  12. Book: Bogdan Grzeloński . Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku . Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie . 2006 . 129 . pl.
  13. Book: Daily report, foreign radio broadcasts 1962 no.120-121 . 1962 . 142.
  14. Book: Lajos Gecsényi . Diplomaták a változó világban Főkonzulok, követek és nagykövetek 1945-1990 . 2015 . hu . 8 July 2023.
  15. Web site: Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) . https://web.archive.org/web/20180826071151/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc . dead . August 26, 2018 . 4 February 2024 . bg.
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  52. Web site: Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Seychelles as of 1 Mar. 1988 . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
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  55. Web site: Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Namibia as of 13 Aug. 1990 . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
  56. Web site: Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) as of 20 June 1991 . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
  57. Web site: Bilateral relations between Ukraine and the Republic of Benin . 26 April 2023 . Embassy of Ukraine in the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
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  66. Web site: Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations . 8 July 2023 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia.
  67. Web site: The Republic of Benin . 26 April 2023 . Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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  72. Web site: Diplomatic Relations between Benin and Mauritius as of 24 Mar. 2003 . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
  73. Web site: Bilateral relations . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 . September 30, 2011 . 8 July 2023 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia.
  74. Web site: Mojca Pristavec Đogić . Priznanja samostojne Slovenije . 4 February 2024 . 8 . sl.
  75. Web site: Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Iceland as of 23 Feb. 2005 . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
  76. Web site: Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia . 4 February 2024 . Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs . et.
  77. Web site: States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations . 8 July 2023 . Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Ukraine.
  78. Web site: Benin . 8 July 2023 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania.
  79. Web site: Relaciones Diplomaticas de la Republica de Panama . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf . August 6, 2020 . 8 July 2023 . 199 . es.
  80. Web site: Diplomatic Relations Between Andorra and Benin as of 24 Mar. 2006 . 4 February 2024 . United Nations Digital Library.
  81. Web site: May 3, 2006 . Jamaica and Benin Establish Diplomatic Relations . 4 February 2024 . Jamaica Information Service.
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