Fordyce Academy Explained

Fordyce Academy
Coordinates:	57.6618°N -2.7465°W
Motto:	Praesis ut Prosis
Established:	1592 / 1790
Closed:	1964
Type:	Private grammar school, later maintained grammar school
Religious Affiliation:	Church of Scotland
Head Label:	Master
Founder:	Sir Thomas Menzies George Smith, of Bombay
City:	Fordyce
County:	Banffshire
Country:	Scotland
Enrolment:	Between 20 and 100 pupils (at different times)
Gender:	Boys, then from early 20th century co-educational
Upper Age:	Up to 18
Free Label 1:	Former pupils
Free 1:	People educated at Fordyce Academy
Free Label 3:	Affiliations
Free 3:	King's College, Aberdeen

Fordyce Academy, known until the mid-19th century as Fordyce School, and also sometimes called Smith's Academy, was a famous grammar school in the village of Fordyce, Banffshire, Scotland, founded about 1592, refounded in 1790, and closed in 1964. By the early 20th century the school was so highly regarded in Scotland that it was known as "the Eton of the North".

History

A school was founded about 1592 by Sir Thomas Menzies, laird of Durn, and the builder of Fordyce Castle, as a school for boys to prepare them for a life of learning, including possible entry to the University of Aberdeen. The site of the first schoolhouse in the village is unknown, but it was probably near the kirk, where Menzies provided for the boys to have seats in the Durn Aisle. He endowed his new school with an income to be paid to the schoolmaster from the lands of Little Goveny, a mill, and the mill lands of Baldavie and Petchaidlie.^[1]

Menzies's foundation gained further endowments in the late 17th century. Walter Ogilvie of Reidhythe gave money to George Brown, the schoolmaster, to build a new schoolhouse, and in 1678 in his will Ogilvie gave the lands of Reidhyth, Meikle, and Little Bogton to create scholarships at the school and at King's College, Aberdeen. These became known as the Ogilvie or Reidhythe Bursaries.^[1]

Between 1716 and 1789, this school occupied Glassaugh's House, a wing of Fordyce Castle.^[1]

In 1790, George Smith, a native of the village and son of a blacksmith who had become a merchant of Bombay, died^[2] leaving in his will an endowment to establish a school in Fordyce for the support and education of poor boys whose name was Smith, to be overseen by the burgh magistrates of Banff, directing that the schoolmaster should be able to teach English and the main commercial languages of the time, which were French and Dutch. He allowed £25 a year for each such boy, the number to be determined by the income from the endowment.^{[3] [4]} Smith's will also provided for the descendants of his sisters to have the same rights as boys of the name of Smith.^[5] This school was begun in a former public hall next to the kirk. A new schoolhouse was built about 1846, now a private residence called Fordyce Academy House. The two schools merged, and further new school buildings were built in 1882 and 1924, the latter called the New Academy. This now houses the village's primary school.^[1]

At the beginning of the 19th century, John Forbes (1787–1861) and James Clark (1788–1870), who both later became notable physicians, were at the Fordyce School together and walked there every day from the Findlater estate near Kilnhillock. The school's curriculum was then focussed on Greek and Latin, Modern Languages, and mathematics.^[6]

By the middle of the 19th century, the school had changed its name from Fordyce School to Fordyce Academy.^[6] The Commissioners reported in 1868 that "Fordyce Academy is partly an endowed school, and partly a private boarding-school." They had visited Fordyce and found there was a good house for the schoolmaster and a good school building with one classroom, with a capacity of forty boys. The Trustees were then holding investments valued at £10,297, producing an income of £308 a year. Out of that, £40 a year was paid to the schoolmaster, who also had the use of his house, and £25 to the minister of the Fordyce kirk, while £225 a year paid for the education of nine boys, who lived with the schoolmaster, Mr Largue. He was also allowed to take other boys into the school as private boarders, and at that time had about sixteen, and there were also a few day boys, making a total of thirty boys in the school.^[3]

In 1902, a report by HM Inspector of Schools said of Fordyce Academy that it was "now well established as the most important feeder of the University outside of the City of Aberdeen".^[1]

In 1936, The History of Fordyce Academy by Douglas Gordon McLean was published, and the Aberdeen University Review commented that

The school was more closely integrated into the publicly funded sector in the 1940s, and in 1964 its secondary department was closed, as part of a rationalization of the secondary schools of the area.^[1] By then, it had become co-educational, and in 1964 there were 44 boys and girls in the senior school.^[7] Most of them, and some of the teaching staff, transferred to the Banff Academy,^[8] while the junior department became the village primary school.^[7]

Links with Sweden

A number of Swedish descendants of George Smith's sister Jean (1734—1821) took advantage of their right to be educated at the school under the terms of the "Smith Bounty". Smith had granted preference to his sisters' descendants for four generations, and the last of these was George Hjort, born in 1865, a great-great-grandson of Jean Smith, who was a free boarder at the school in the 1870s and was still alive, living in Stockholm, in 1958.^[2]

Notable former pupils

• William Robertson (1740–1803), antiquary^[9]
• Sir John Forbes (1787–1861), physician-in–ordinary to Queen Victoria^[10]
• Sir James Clark, 1st Baronet (1788–1870), also physician-in–ordinary to Queen Victoria^[11]
• William Forsyth (1818–1879), poet and journalist^[12]
• Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911), merchant in Japan^[13]
• Robert Smith (1848–1914), Scotland international footballer^[14]
• James Smith (1844–1876), also a Scotland international footballer^[14]
• John Garland (1862–1921), Scottish-born Australian politician^[15]
• William Grant (1863–1946), lexicographer, editor of the Scottish National Dictionary
• William Dawson Henderson (1876–1955), zoologist^[16]
• Nellie Badenoch, first woman to graduate with First Class Honours from the University of Aberdeen^[13]
• Alexander Bremner, physician to the Sultan of Johore^[1]
• Sir Murdoch McKenzie Wood (1881–1949), barrister and Liberal member of parliament^[17]
• William Grant Craib (1882–1933), botanist^[18]
• Alexander Geddes (1885–1970), physicist and meteorologist
• Allan Stewart Fortune (1895–1975), Chief Inspector of Agriculture for Scotland^[19]
• Willie Wiseman (1896–1979), Scotland footballer^[20]
• Sir Hamish Duncan MacLaren (1898–1990), Director of Electrical Engineering, Admiralty, and President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers^[21]
• John Alexander Matheson (1901–1950), Roman Catholic Bishop of Aberdeen^[22]
• Francis Walsh (1901–1974), another Roman Catholic Bishop of Aberdeen^[23]
• George Archibald Grant Mitchell (1906–1993), professor of anatomy, Manchester University, and Pro-Vice-Chancellor^[24]
• William Duff McHardy (1911–2000), Regius Professor of Hebrew in the University of Oxford^[25]
• William J. Donald (born 1931), Principal of Thurso College^[26]

Masters and Rectors of the school

• Alexander Gray AM (1756—1820), Master^[27]
• Rev. James Largue MA, Rector 1845—1882^{[28] [29]}
• Alexander Emslie MA (1875—1947), Rector 1907^{[30] [31]}
• George James Milne MA, Rector 1924—1927^[32]
• Alexander S. McHardy MA, Rector 1931^[33]
• Andrew W. Thomson, Rector, 1940, 1944^[34]

Further reading

• Douglas Gordon McLean, The History of Fordyce Academy: Life at a Banffshire School, 1592–1935 (1936)
• Alexander Allan Cormack, An Historic Outline of the George Smith Bounty, Fordyce Academy, etc (1952)

Notes and References

1. http://www.thevirtualeye.com/fordyce.org.uk/fordyce-academy.php Fordyce Academy
2. Alexander Allan Cormack, Susan Carnegie, 1744–1821: Her Life of Service (1966), p. 152: "This George Hjort, born 13th August 1865, alive in 1958 in Stockholm, proved to be a great great grandson of Jean Smith, housekeeper to George Carnegie. He is the oldest F.P. of Fordyce Academy, and the last surviving Swedish beneficiary of the Smith Bounty, founded by George Smith, of Fordyce and Bombay, brother of Jean Smith — whereby Hjort was boarded, clothed, booted, and educated free of all cost at Fordyce 1876–79. George Smith by his will, made in Bombay 1789, in founding Fordyce Academy, granted preference of free education to descendants of his sisters for four generations... Jean Smith, 1734–1821, blacksmith's daughter, Fordyce, sister of George Smith, 1727–90, founder of Fordyce Academy, merchant, Bombay."
3. Reports from Commissioners, Volume 29 (1868), pp. 324—325: "Fordyce. Visited Nov. 21, 1866. History. Management. Buildings. Finance. Teachers. Scholars. IIL— FORDYCE. Fordyce Academy is partly an endowed school, and partly a private boarding-school. Its history is as follows : — George Smith of Bombay, in 1790, left by his will a sum of money for the education and board of poor children of the name of Smith, at a school to be founded in Fordyce, their number to depend on the amount of funds annually at the disposal of his trustees."
4. https://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200343097-fordyce-village-school-road-academy-house-and-garden-walls-fordyce#.Ws1AGrHTWhA Fordyce Village, School Road, Academy House and Garden Walls A Category B Listed Building in Fordyce, Aberdeenshire
5. Northern Scotland, Volumes 7-9 (1986), p. 138: "Jean Smith's younger brother George went from Fordyce to India where he earned a considerable fortune. He died in 1790 in Bombay, and in his will he stipulated that his fortune should be the economic base for a school at Fordyce under the supervision of the burgh magistrates of Banff. This was the start of Fordyce Academy. Furthermore, in founding Fordyce Academy, George Smith explicitly granted free education to the descendants of his sisters, among them Jean Smith."
6. Robin A. L. Agnew, The Life of Sir John Forbes (1787–1861): Royal Physician (2002), p. 23
7. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-352000-861000/page/10 EDUCATION IN FORDYCE
8. David M. Addison, Confessions of a Banffshire Loon, p. 432
9. https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
10. John Willis Hurst, Charles Richard Conti, Bruce Fye, Profiles in Cardiology Volume 1 (2003), p. 95
11. Clark, James (1788-1870) . Clark, James (1788–1870). 10.
12. Forsyth, William (1818-1879) . Forsyth, William (1818–1879).
13. http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12719422.Carving_a_niche_for_Fordyce/ Carving a niche for Fordyce
14. Andy Mitchell, Football's founders from Fordyce dated 2 July 2013, accessed 8 April 2018
15. "GARLAND, Hon. John" in Who's Who 1919 (vol. 71), p. 919
16. Year Book of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1956 (Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1956), p. 46
17. "WOOD, Major Sir Murdoch McKenzie", in Who Was Who 1941—1950 (London: A & C Black); online edition by Oxford University Press, 2012 (subscription site)
18. "Professor Craib" (obituary) in The Times dated 2 September 1933, p. 15
19. Who Was Who 1971–1980 (A. & C. Black, 1981), p. 274
20. http://www.queensparkfc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Appendix-1.pdf|title=The Queen's Park Men Who Served And Survived
21. "MacLAREN, Sir Hamish (Duncan), KBE" in Who Was Who 1981—1990 (London: A & C Black, 1991), p. 482
22. http://thepelicans.org.uk/histories/history10.htm BISHOP FRANCIS WALSH, WHITE FATHER 1901—1974
23. "WALSH, Rt. Rev. Francis, DD, DPh" in Who Was Who, vol. 7, p. 829
24. https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E008203b.htm Mitchell, George Archibald Grant (1906 - 1993)
25. Eric V. Copage, W. D. McHardy, 88, a Creator of New English Bible (obituary) in The New York Times dated 18 May 2000
26. Who's who in Scotland, 5th edition (Carrick, 1994), p. 122
27. Alexander Allan Cormack, Two Royal Physicians: Sir James Clark, Bart., 1788–1870, Sir John Forbes, 1787–1861 : Schoolmates at Fordyce Academy (1965), p. 9: Fordyce Stone No. 26:— "Sacred to the memory of Alexander Gray, A.M., for many years master of the Grammar School of Fordyce, and afterwards farmer in Rumbling Pots, born 26th June 1756, died 26th May 1820"
28. http://calms.abdn.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo=='MS%20946'&dsqDb=Catalog GB 0231 University of Aberdeen, Special Collections
29. "PRESENTATION TO REV. JAMES LARGUE, FORDYCE", in Aberdeen Evening Express dated 18 December 1883: "The following is the text of an address which... presented to the Rev. James Largue by former pupils, as a mark of their regard on the occasion of his retirement from the rectorship of Smith's Academy..."
30. Proceedings of the Classical Association of Scotland 1907, p. 88: "Emslie, Alexander, M.A., Rector of Fordyce Academy"
31. "Former Keith Rector Dies in Belfast", in Aberdeen Press and Journal dated 15 December 1947: "MR ALEXANDER EMSLIE, native of Aberdeen, who was rector of Fordyce Academy for ten years and twice rector of Keith Grammar School, died Belfast on Saturday. He was seventy-two years of age."
32. Aberdeen University Review, Volumes 33-34 (1950), p. 217
33. Aberdeen University Review, Volumes 18-19 (1931), p. 72
34. "Country Magazine", in Radio Times, Volumes 86-88 (1944), p. 12: "Andrew W. Thomson (Rector, Fordyce Academy)"