| Ford Duratorq engine | |
| Manufacturer: | Ford Motor Company |
| Production: | 2000–2020 |
| Fueltype: | Diesel |
| Fuelsystem: | Common rail (Only TDCi) Direct injection |
| Coolingsystem: | Water-cooled |
| Management: | Delphi, Siemens, Bosch |
| Configuration: | Inline-4, Inline-5, V6, V8 |
| Valvetrain: | SOHC 2 valves x cyl. DOHC 4 valves x cyl. |
| Turbocharger: | BorgWarner KP35 Twin-scroll, Twin-turbo, Variable-geometry with intercooler (on some versions) |
| Emissions Level: | Euro 5 |
| Displacement: | 1399- |
| Bore: | 89.92NaN2 932NaN2 962NaN2 |
| Stroke: | 922NaN2 94.62NaN2 100.72NaN2 1022NaN2 |
| Power: | NaN0NaN0 |
| Torque: | NaN0NaN0 |
| Predecessor: | Endura-D |
| Successor: | EcoBlue (progressively from 2015) |
The Ford Duratorq engine, commonly referred to as Duratorq, is the marketing name of a range of Ford diesel engines introduced in 2000-2020. The larger capacity 5-cylinder units use the Power Stroke branding when installed in North American-market vehicles. The first design, codenamed "Puma" during its development, replaced the older Endura-D unit which had been around since 1984. Commercial versions of the Puma unit replaced Ford's older "2.5Di" type unit used in the Transit, and many other manufacturers' vehicles - most notably the London Taxi and in the Land Rover Defender. Other unrelated units in this range have been developed by Ford and PSA.[1] [2] The TDCi Duratorq engines are available in vehicles from Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Volvo and Mazda. A new EcoBlue diesel engine range, originally codenamed "Panther"[3] and planned to be available in 2.0- and 1.5-litre variants, will progressively replace the Duratorq engines from 2016.[4]
See main article: Ford DLD engine.
The inline-four engines are sold under the Duratorq TDCi name by Ford, and as the HDi by Citroën and Peugeot. These are part of the DLD family. Mazda also uses the DLD engine in the Mazda2 and the Mazda3, calling it the MZ-CD or CiTD. The Ford/PSA joint-venture for the production of the DLD was announced in September, 1998.
Officially, there are two families of engines in the range:
Ford later added their unrelated 1.8 L DLD-418 engine to the DLD family, though it is properly part of the Ford Endura engine family.
The Duratorq DLD-414 (or DV4) is a 1399cc inline-four Turbo - Diesel. Output is 500NaN0 at 4500 rpm and 1600NaN0 at 2000 rpm. This engine was developed in Trémery by Peugeot, as described in the joint-venture agreement with Ford. This engine is built in France, UK and India.
The DV4 is available in two versions:
In 2012, Ford added the 1.5-litre, closely derived from the 1.6-litre engine.[5] Bore was reduced from 75 to 73.5 mm while the stroke remained unchanged 88.3 mm.
The DLD-416 (or DV6) is a 1560cc 90or version also used by Ford, Mazda, Volvo, Mini, Peugeot and Citroën. This particular engine was designed by Peugeot[6] engineers on behalf of PSA and Ford.
The Duratorq DLD-418 is a 1753cc intercooled common rail diesel engine. It is completely unrelated to the 1.4/1.6 units, and is a development of Ford's 1.8 8v Endura-D engine that saw service through the 1980s and 1990s. However, Ford considers it part of the DLD family, as evidenced by the official "DLD" name.
The Endura-D was heavily revised and updated with a variable-vane turbocharger and a Delphi high-pressure common rail injection system and relaunched in 2001 as the 'DuraTorq TDCi', with the original engine being rebadged 'DuraTorq TDDi'.
This engine, possibly known within Ford as "Kent Diesel", is the last evolution of the 997 cc petrol engine introduced in the 105E Anglia in 1959.
| Name | Year | Displacement | Maximum power | Maximum torque | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZSD-420 | 2000–2001 | 1998cc (?x?) I4 | 1150NaN0 | 2800NaN0 | |
| ZSD-420 (Duratorq TDCi) | 2001–2002 | 1998cc (?x?) I4 | 1300NaN0 | 3300NaN0 | |
| ZSD-420 (Duratorq TDDi) | 2002- | 1998cc (?x?) I4 | 1150NaN0 | 2800NaN0 | |
| ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi) | 2198cc (NaN2NaN2) | 1550NaN0 I4 | 3600NaN0 | ||
| ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi) | ? | 2198cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 850NaN0 | 2500NaN0 | |
| ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi) | ? | 2198cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1150NaN0 | 3000NaN0 | |
| ZSD-422 (Duratorq TDCi) | ? | 2198cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1400NaN0 | 3500NaN0 | |
| ZSD-424 (Duratorq TDCi) | ? | 2402cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1000NaN0 | 2850NaN0 | |
| ZSD-424 (Duratorq TDCi) | ? | 2402cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1150NaN0 | 3100NaN0 | |
| ZSD-424 (Duratorq TDCi) | ? | 2402cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1400NaN0 | 3750NaN0 | |
| 2.5 (WLC) (Duratorq TDCi) | 2006- | 2499cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1430NaN0@3500 | 3300NaN0@1800 | |
| 3.0 (WEC) (Duratorq TDCi) | 2006- | 2953cc (NaN2NaN2) I4 | 1560NaN0@3200 | 3800NaN0@1800 | |
| 3.2 (Duratorq TDCi) | 2006– | 3198cc (NaN2NaN2) I5 | 2000NaN0 | 4700NaN0 | |
| 3.2 (Power Stroke) | 2014–2019 | 3198cc (NaN2NaN2) I5 | 1880NaN0 | 4700NaN0 |
Codenamed Puma during development, these Ford 2.0 L, 2.2 L, and 2.4 L engines are called ZSD. They are produced at the company's Dagenham plant in east London.
Note: the 2.5 and 3.0L "W" engines in above table are NOT Puma engines. They are Mazda designed commercial Diesel engines with no commonality to Puma. The "W" engine family is used in the Asia Pacific Ranger and Everest models currently running out.
Released in 2000, to coincide with the launch of the Mk3 Ford Mondeo, the Duratorq ZSD-420 was initially available as a 1998cc direct injection turbodiesel. Producing 1150NaN0 and 2800NaN0 it was a vast improvement over the 1.8 Endura-D powering the Mk2 Mondeo. It featured a 16-valve cylinder head with twin chain driven camshafts and utilised a variable-geometry turbocharger with overboost function.
In late 2001 the engine was fitted with Delphi common rail fuel injection and called the Duratorq TDCi (Turbo Diesel Commonrail injection), with the original unit being renamed the Duratorq TDDi (Turbo Diesel Direct injection). Although generally identical to the original engine, the addition of the common rail system meant power was increased to 1300NaN0, with torque rising to 3300NaN0. In 2002 the Duratorq TDDi was replaced by a detuned version of the Duratorq TDCi. Producing 1150NaN0 and 2850NaN0, this unit used a fixed geometry turbocharger in place of the variable geometry unit used in the TDDi and 1300NaN0 TDCi.
With 2005 came another detuned version of the TDCi for the Mondeo. Producing 900NaN0 and 2800NaN0, this engine was substantially cheaper than other versions and was mainly targeted at fleet buyers.
Applications:
In 2004, Ford introduced the Duratorq ZSD-422, a 2198cc turbodiesel for top-of-the-range versions of the Mondeo and Jaguar X-Type which produced 1550NaN0. This is unrelated to the PSA DW12 2.2 unit used in Peugeot and Citroën applications.
Applications:
The 2402cc Duratorq ZSD-424 is a turbocharged and intercooled Diesel. Output is 750NaN0 to 1370NaN0 and 1850NaN0 to 3750NaN0.
Applications:
Introduced for the Thailand-built 2007 Ford Ranger (J97U) is a 2.5 L diesel engine. This truck is a clone of the Mazda B-Series and thus the engine is a Mazda engine. It has a bore and a stroke of NaNmm. The engine has no commonality to Ford's "Puma" engine or VM Motori. It is a development of the IDI Mazda 2.2L normally aspirated, later 2.5L NA and Turbo and later 2.9L NA, with Bosch common-rail direct injection and a variable geometry turbocharger. The WLC engine code is a Mazda engine code, not being changed for use in the Mazda B-Series clone Ford Ranger. It produces 1430NaN0 @ 3500 rpm and 3300NaN0 @ 1800 rpm.[7]
A 3.0L Mazda W-engine similar to the 2.5 is also used in the 2007 Ranger as the top of the range. Displacement is increased with a wider bore of 96mm and longer stroke of 102mm. It produces 1560NaN0 @ 3200 rpm and 3800NaN0 @ 1800 rpm.
The W-engine family remains a Mazda engine and has no commonality to "Puma"
The 3.2 is an inline, 5-cylinder engine used in the Ford Transit, the Ford Ranger (2012–2022), Ford Everest (2015–2022), Mazda BT-50, Troller T4 and the Vivarail D-Train. For the North American-spec Transit, the 3.2L Duratorq is modified to meet American and Canadian emissions standards and is branded as a Power Stroke engine. The 3.2 Power Stroke is rated at 1870NaN0 and 4700NaN0, and the DuratorqTDCi, available in Asia and Europe, has a power rating of 2000NaN0 at 3,000 rpm and a torque rating at 4700NaN0 between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm.[8]
See main article: PSA EW/DW engine. Continuing the Ford/PSA diesel engine joint-venture, these straight-four engines are sold under the Duratorq TDCi name by Ford, and as the HDi by Citroën and Peugeot. A development of the existing DW10/DW12 engine, the new engines have a traditional belt-driven system, moving away from the chain-driven camshafts of the previous generation (Puma) TDCi engines. Both engines utilise common rail diesel technology and are the result of the fourth phase of the cooperation between PSA and Ford (initiated in 1998).
Both engines utilise all-new, third-generation common rail injection systems. The 2.0 engines utilising a system from Siemens and the 2.2 a system from Bosch. In both systems the injection pressure has been increased to 1800bar. This higher injection pressure, associated with new piezo-electric injectors in which each nozzle is equipped with seven apertures (instead of five previously), allows the number of injections to be multiplied (potentially up to six per cycle) and ensures meticulous uniformity of the diesel injection spray pattern. As a result of this optimised air/diesel mix, combustion is more complete and more uniform, and therefore reduces emissions at source.
Based on the PSA DW10 engine and with a capacity of 1997cc, this engine was developed by Peugeot engineers in France on behalf of both PSA and Ford Motor Company. Production is currently taking place in France and Skövde in Sweden. The engine was released to Ford models in 2005 Ford Focus, and followed in the 2007 Mk IV Mondeo. It features a 16-valve cylinder head with twin belt driven camshafts (exhaust camshaft connected to cambelt with inlet camshaft indirectly linked via a timing chain) and utilises a variable geometry turbocharger with overboost function. An intercooler is always present, as opposed to some applications of its predecessor.
In the 2005 Focus, engine power output is 1360NaN0; and in the 2007 Mondeo it is offered with 1300NaN0 or 1400NaN0, mated to a manual or 6-speed Aisin TF81 automatic gearbox. In early 2010 this 2.0 unit was updated, as well as the existing 1380NaN0 version, a new 1630NaN0 with 3400NaN0 of torque was added to the range.
Applications:
Other Applications:
Based on the PSA DW12 engine and with a capacity of 2179cc, this engine was released in April 2008 by Ford in the Mk IV Mondeo, soon following in the Ford S-Max and Ford Galaxy. It has been engineered by Ford in England, as described in the fourth phase of the joint-venture agreement with PSA. Production takes place in PSA's Tremery plant. It features a 16-valve cylinder head with twin belt driven camshafts and utilises a variable geometry turbocharger with overboost function, rather than the twin turbo approach of Peugeot and Citroën. The result is 1750NaN0 with 4000NaN0 of torque, although 4200NaN0 is temporarily available thanks to the transient overboost function. Land Rover used this engine in the Freelander 2 and Range Rover Evoque.
In 2010 Ford and PSA revised the engine with a new turbocharger and a new power output of 2000NaN0 with a torque of 4200NaN0 and 4500NaN0 at overboost conditions while the emissions are at Euro 5 level.
Applications:
Other applications:
See main article: Ford AJD-V6/PSA DT17. The 2720cc V6 is built by Ford and Jaguar Cars at their Dagenham facility, and was designed by Ford engineers at their Dunton and Whitley product development centres. It is called AJD-V6 by Jaguar and DT17 by PSA Peugeot Citroën.
Ford and PSA extended their Diesel engine joint-venture in October, 1999, to include this V6 engine.
Applications:
See main article: Ford 4.4 Turbo Diesel. The 3.6 L V8 is built at Ford's engine plant in Dagenham, Essex. It is a twin-turbocharged Diesel V8 producing 2700NaN0 and 6400NaN0. Production began in April 2006. It is closely related to the 2.7L V6 version (same bore & stroke) and was designed at Ford Otosan's R&D Center in Gebze, Turkey and Ford's Dagenham Diesel Centre product development site, with input from Land Rover powertrain team. A 4.4 litre variant that produces 2500NaN0 and 7000NaN0 is built at Ford's Chihuahua Engine plant in Mexico.
Applications (4.4 L variant):