Ford–GM 10-speed automatic transmission explained

Ford 10R 60 · 10R 80 · 10R 140 GM 10L 80 · 10L 90GM 10L 1000 (Allison)
Manufacturer:	Ford · General Motors
Production:	2017–present
Class:	10-speed longitudinal automatic transmission
Predecessor:	Ford 6R 60 · 6R 80 · 6R 140 GM 8L 45 · 8L 90

The Ford–GM 10-speed automatic transmission is part of a joint venture between Ford Motor Company and General Motors to design and engineer two transmissions: a longitudinal 10-speed transmission and a transverse 9-speed trans-axle. Each company manufactures its own unique version of the transmissions in its own factories.^{[1] [2]} The 10-speed transmission was designed by Ford, while the 9-speed transmission was designed by GM.^{[3] [4]}

Production

The 10R 80 was first produced at the Ford Livonia Transmission Plant in Livonia, Michigan, and the Hydra-Matic 10L 80 is made at the General Motors Romulus Powertrain Plant, in Romulus, Michigan.^[5] GM's Silao, Mexico, transmission plant started 10L80 production in 2018,^[6] while Ford's Sharonville Transmission plant started 10R 80 production in 2018.^[7]

Specifications

Layout

The transmission is based on the well-known eight-speed automatic transmission 8HP from ZF. A unique triple-clutch assembly on a dedicated intermediate shaft, placed in the middle of the architecture, replaces two ordinary clutches and is the key for packaging the 10-speed unit into the same space as the previous transmission.^[8]

The transmission offers small steps between the lower gears, which improves performance and maximizes engine power when accelerating. However, the individual gears are comparatively unevenly distributed. Furthermore, it was not possible to increase the total span compared to the eight-speed architecture. Both factors partially offset the advantage of the additional gears.

Technical data

With Assessment!colspan=4

Planetary Gearset: Teeth	Count	Total	Avg.
Model Type	Max. Input Torque First Delivery				S1 R1	S2 R2	S3 R3	S4 R4	Brakes Clutches	Ratio Span	Gear Step
Gear Ratio	R {i _{R}}	1 {i _{1}}	2 {i _{2}}	3 {i _{3}}	4 {i _{4}}	5 {i _{5}}	6 {i _{6}}	7 {i _{7}}	8 {i _{8}}	9 {i _{9}}	10 {i _{10} }
Step	- \tfrac{i _{R}} {i _{1}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{1}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{2}}	\tfrac{i _{2}} {i _{3}}	\tfrac{i _{3}} {i _{4}}	\tfrac{i _{4}} {i _{5}}	\tfrac{i _{5}} {i _{6}}	\tfrac{i _{6}} {i _{7}}	\tfrac{i _{7}} {i _{8}}	\tfrac{i _{8}} {i _{9}}	\tfrac{i _{9}} {i _{10} }
Step 2			\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{2}} : \tfrac{i _{2}} {i _{3}}	\tfrac{i _{2}} {i _{3}} : \tfrac{i _{3}} {i _{4}}	\tfrac{i _{3}} {i _{4}} : \tfrac{i _{4}} {i _{5}}	\tfrac{i _{4}} {i _{5}} : \tfrac{i _{5}} {i _{6}}	\tfrac{i _{5}} {i _{6}} : \tfrac{i _{6}} {i _{7}}	\tfrac{i _{6}} {i _{7}} : \tfrac{i _{7}} {i _{8}}	\tfrac{i _{7}} {i _{8}} : \tfrac{i _{8}} {i _{9}}	\tfrac{i _{8}} {i _{9}} : \tfrac{i _{9}} {i _{10} }
Shaft Speed	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{R}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{1}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{2}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{3}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{4}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{5}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{6}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{7}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{8}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{9}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{10} }
Δ Shaft Speed	0 - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{R}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{1}} - 0	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{2}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{1}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{3}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{2}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{4}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{3}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{5}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{4}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{6}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{5}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{7}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{6}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{8}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{7}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{9}} - \tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{8}}	\tfrac{i _{1}} {i _{10} } - \tfrac
Ford 10R 80 GM 10L 80 GM 10L 90	800Nm · 2017^[9] 900Nm · 2018				45 95	51 89^[10]	73 119	23 85	2 4
Ratio i _{n}	- \tfrac{ 40 , 851 }{ 8 , 395 }	\tfrac{ 108 }{ 23 }	\tfrac{ 2403 }{ 805 }	\tfrac{ 3 , 024 }{ 1 , 409 }	\tfrac{ 743 }{ 420 }	\tfrac{ 80 , 244 }{ 52 , 789 }	\tfrac{ 9 , 289 , 296 }{ 7 , 285 , 081 }	\tfrac{ 1 }{ 1 }	\tfrac{ 650 , 168 }{ 720 , 653 }	\tfrac{ 3 , 204 }{ 4 , 649 }	\tfrac{ 89 }{ 140 }
Step	1.0363	1.0000		1.3909						1.2386	1.0841
Step 2				1.1465	1.0425			1.0885		1.1425
Speed	–0.9650	1.0000	1.5730	2.1879			3.6825	4.6956		6.8134
Δ Speed	0.9650	1.0000	0.5730	0.6148			0.5935	1.0131		1.3126
Ford 10R 140	1400Nm · 2020^[11]				58 122	50 86	69 111	26 94	2 4
Ratio i _{n}	- \tfrac{ 23 , 865 }{ 5 , 083 }	\tfrac{ 60 }{ 13 }	\tfrac{ 645 }{ 221 }	\tfrac{ 5 , 400 }{ 2 , 533 }	\tfrac{ 3 , 497 }{ 1 , 972 }	\tfrac{ 41 , 964 }{ 27 , 629 }	\tfrac{ 303 , 768 }{ 237 , 827 }	\tfrac{ 1 }{ 1 }	\tfrac{ 6 , 192 }{ 7 , 273 }	\tfrac{ 516 }{ 751 }	\tfrac{ 43 }{ 68 }
Step	1.0173	1.0000	1.5814	1.3690						1.2391	1.0866
Step 2			1.1551	1.1388	1.0297			1.0874		1.1404
Speed	–0.9830	1.0000	1.5814	2.1650			3.6135	4.6154		6.7174
Δ Speed	0.9830	1.0000	0.5814	0.5836			0.5747	1.0019		1.2962
GM 10L 1000 (Allison)	1400Nm · 2020^[12]				53 103	53 91	65 103	26 92	2 4
Ratio i _{n}	- \tfrac{ 553 , 007 }{ 121 , 680 }	\tfrac{ 59 }{ 13 }	\tfrac{ 413 }{ 144 }	\tfrac{ 4 , 602 }{ 2 , 233 }	\tfrac{ 247 }{ 144 }	\tfrac{ 14 , 573 }{ 9 , 835 }	\tfrac{ 57 , 702 }{ 45 , 857 }	\tfrac{ 1 }{ 1 }	\tfrac{ 34 , 692 }{ 40 , 787 }	\tfrac{ 5 , 369 }{ 7 , 807 }	\tfrac{ 91 }{ 144 }
Step	1.0014	1.0000		1.3916						1.2368	1.0883
Step 2				1.1583	1.0379			1.0703		1.1365
Speed	–0.9986	1.0000	1.5824	2.2022			3.6068	4.5386		6.5993
Δ Speed	0.9986	1.0000	0.5824	0.6198			0.5439	0.9317		1.2635
Ford 10R 60	600Nm · 2020^[13]				45 95	51 89	73 119	28 104	2 4
Ratio i _{n}	- \tfrac{ 49 , 929 }{ 10 , 220 }	\tfrac{ 33 }{ 7 }	\tfrac{ 2 , 937 }{ 980 }	\tfrac{ 462 }{ 215 }	\tfrac{ 743 }{ 420 }	\tfrac{ 24 , 519 }{ 16 , 121 }	\tfrac{ 1 , 419 , 198 }{ 1 , 112 , 671 }	\tfrac{ 1 }{ 1 }	\tfrac{ 93 , 984 }{ 110 , 117 }	\tfrac{ 979 }{ 1 , 421 }	\tfrac{ 89 }{ 140 }
Step	1.0363	1.0000		1.3947						1.2389	1.0837
Step 2				1.1482	1.0443			1.0886		1.1431
Speed	–0.9650	1.0000	1.5730	2.1979			3.6961	4.7143		6.8143
Δ Speed	0.9650	1.0000	0.5730	0.6208			0.5965	1.0182		1.3192
Ratio R & even	i _{R} = - \tfrac{R _{2} R _{3} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {S _{3} S _{4} (S _{2+} R _{2)}}		\tfrac{R _{2} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {S _{4} (S _{2+} R _{2)}}	1+ \tfrac{S _{2} R _{1}} {S _{1} (S _{2+} R _{2)}}		\tfrac{(S _{1} R _{2} (S _{3+} R _{3)+} S _{2} S _{3} (S _{1+} R _{1))} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {(S _{1} R _{2} (S _{3+} R _{3)+} S _{1} S _{2} S _{3)} (S _{4+} R _{4)+} R _{1} S _{2} S _{3} S _{4}}			\tfrac{R _{2} (S _{3+} R _{3)} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {R _{2} (S _{3+} R _{3)} (S _{4+} R _{4)+} S _{2} S _{3} R _{4}}		\tfrac{R _{2}} {S _{2+} R _{2}}
Ratio odd		i _{1} = \tfrac{S _{4+} R _{4}} {S _{4}}		\tfrac{(S _{1+} R _{1)} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {S _{1} (S _{4+} R _{4)+} S _{4} R _{1}}		\tfrac{(S _{1} (S _{2+} R _{2)+} R _{1} S _{2)} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {S _{1} (S _{2+} R _{2)} (S _{4+} R _{4)+} R _{1} S _{2} S _{4}}		i _{7} = \tfrac{ 1 } { 1 }	i _{9} = \tfrac{R _{2} (S _{4+} R _{4)}} {R _{2} (S _{4+} R _{4)+} S _{2} R _{4}}
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
Brake A	❶	❶	❶						❶	❶	❶
Brake B	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶
Clutch C			❶	❶	❶	❶		❶		❶	❶
Clutch D	❶	(❶)	❶	❶	❶		❶	❶	❶		❶
Clutch E		❶		❶		❶	❶	❶	❶	❶
Clutch F	❶				❶	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶

Applications

Ford

10R 60

• 2020–present Ford Explorer
• 2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility:
  • Only available on the 3.3L V6 engine option.
• 2021–present Ford Bronco

10R 80 MHT

• 2020–present Ford Explorer HEV
• 2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility HEV
• 2020–present Lincoln Aviator HEV

10R 80

• 2017–present Ford F-150:
  • 2017–present in 3.5L EcoBoost models
  • 2018–present in all other models except the 2018–2020 with 3.3L V6
• 2018–present Ford Mustang
• 2018–present Ford Expedition
• 2018–present Lincoln Navigator
• 2019–present Ford Ranger
• 2019–present Ford Everest
• 2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility:
  • Only available on the 3.0L EcoBoost V6 engine option.
• 2020–present Ford Transit
• 2023–present VW Amarok

10R 140

• 2020–present Ford Super Duty

General Motors

Source^[14]

10L 60

• 2020–2024 Chevrolet Camaro V6^[15]

10L 80 MF6

• 2018–present Chevrolet Suburban
• 2018–present Cadillac Escalade
• 2018–present Chevrolet Tahoe
• 2018–present GMC Yukon Denali
• 2019–2024 Chevrolet Camaro SS
• 2019–present Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 1500 (except V6 and 4-cylinder models, which use the 6L80 and 8L90 respectively)

10L 90 MX0

• 2017–2024 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1
• 2019–2020 Cadillac CT6
• 2020–present Cadillac CT5
• 2020–present Cadillac CT4

10L 1000 (Allison) MGM · MGU

• 2020–present Chevrolet Silverado HD/GMC Sierra HD

Lawsuits

At least five class action lawsuits have been filed regarding vehicles equipped with Ford's 10R 80 transmission.^{[16] [17] [18] [19] [20]} Several have since been consolidated to a single case being heard in Illinois. The lawsuits allege safety issues due to harsh and erratic shifting, which causes jerking, lunging, clunking and hesitation between gears. At least one case also cites sudden loss of power due to transmission issues. It is also alleged that Ford is aware of these issues and has not sufficiently fixed them, and has told consumers the behavior of the transmission is normal.

McCabe v. Ford Motor Company cites 38 different NHTSA complaints regarding the 10R 80 transmission. The complaints encompass the 2019–2022 Ford Ranger, 2018–2021 Ford Expedition, 2018–2022 Ford Mustang, 2018–2021 Lincoln Navigator, and 2021 Ford F-150.

Some of the lawsuits have been dismissed or partially dismissed.^{[21] [22]} As of October 2023, at least one of these lawsuits is still ongoing.

External links

• How The 2017 Ford F-150's New 10-Speed Transmission Affects Fuel Economy

Notes and References

1. Web site: Ford and GM finally consummate 9- and 10-speed joint development - SAE International. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045257/http://articles.sae.org/12015/. dead. 2018-03-25. articles.sae.org. 2018-03-24.
2. News: Timur Apakidze · Exclusive: An Inside Look At Ford's New 10 Speed Transmission. 2014-12-01. TTAC · The Truth About Cars. 2018-03-24. en-US.
3. Web site: Martinez . Michael . No thanks, Ford says to 9-speed offered by GM . Automotive News . 20 April 2018 . 8 July 2019.
4. Web site: Tracy . David . Why Ford Isn't Using GM's Nine-Speed Automatic Transmission . Jalopnik . 23 April 2018 . 8 July 2019.
5. http://www.dieselhub.com/trans/10r80-10l80.html Ford 10R80, GM 10L80 10 Speed Transmission - 10R80, 10L80 10 Speed Automatic Transmission Specs
6. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-nafta-autos/game-of-chicken-gm-bets-on-mexican-made-pickup-trucks-idUSKBN1F42G7 Game of chicken: GM bets on Mexican-made pickup trucks
7. Web site: New Programs Update May 2017 . @FordOnline . Ford . 10 March 2019.
8. Web site: Holy Shift! A Look inside GM's new 10-Speed Automatic - Advanced design, GM control system support capability, enhanced efficiency . 16 July 2019.
9. Web site: F150Hub: Ford 10R80 Automatic Transmission Specs, Ratios. 15 July 2019.
10. News: Timur Apakidze · Saturation Dive: Ford 10 Speed Transmission Power Flow. 2014-12-23. TTAC · The Truth About Cars. 2024-01-25. en-US.
11. Web site: F450-XL Hub: Ford 10R140 Automatic Transmission Specs 2020, Ratios. 5 June 2020.
12. Web site: GMC Sierra HD Specs 2020, Ratios. 7 June 2020.
13. Web site: Ford Explorer Specs 2020, Ratios . 18 June 2023.
14. Web site: GM Global Propulsion Systems – USA Information Guide Model Year 2018 . General Motors Powertrain . 6 February 2019.
15. https://web.archive.org/web/20230512213219/https://i.imgur.com/S9il0A8.png
16. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/FordCA.pdf. Smith v. Ford Motor Company. Case 5:20-cv-00211. Document 1. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
17. https://www.classaction.org/media/mccabe-v-ford-motor-company.pdf. McCabe v. Ford Motor Company. Case 1:23-cv-10829. Document 1. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
18. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-paed-2_20-cv-00247/pdf/USCOURTS-paed-2_20-cv-00247-0.pdf. Orndorff v Ford Motor Company. Case 2:20-cv-00247-KSM. Document 13. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
19. https://app.ediscoveryassistant.com/case_law/51364-o-connor-v-ford-motor-co. O'Connor v Ford Motor Co. Case 1:19-cv-05045. Document Filed: July 20, 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
20. https://www.classaction.org/media/o-connor-v-ford-motor-company.pdf. O'Connor v Ford Motor Co. Case 1:19-cv-05045.Document 7. Filed 8 August 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
21. Web site: Foote . Brett . 17 November 2020 . FORD F-150 10R80 TRANSMISSION LAWSUIT DISMISSED IN ILLINOIS SUPREME COURT . 27 October 2023 . Ford Authority.
22. Web site: Foote . Brett . 8 November 2021 . FORD F-150 10R80 TRANSMISSION LAWSUIT SURVIVES PARTIAL DISMISSAL . Ford Authority.