The World's Billionaires Explained

Italic Title:	yes
The World's Billionaires
Headerstyle:	background:#ccf;
Header1:	Publication details
Label2:	Publisher
Label3:	Publication
Data3:	Forbes
Label4:	First published
Data4:	March 1987
Label5:	Latest publication
Header6:	Current list details (2024)^[1]
Label7:	Wealthiest
Label8:	Net worth (1st)
Data8:	233 billion
Label9:	Number of billionaires
Data9:	2,781 (from 2640)
Label10:	Total list net worth value
Data10:	(from US$12.2 trillion)
Label11:	Average net worth
Data11:	-->
Label12:	Number of women
Data12:	383
Label13:	Number of men
Data13:	2398
Belowstyle:	background:#ddf;
Below:	Forbes: The World's Billionaires website
Label14:	New members to the list
Data14:	141

The World's Billionaires is an annual ranking of people who are billionaires, i.e., they are considered to have a net worth of US$1 billion or more, by the American business magazine Forbes. The list was first published in March 1987. The total net worth of each individual on the list is estimated and is cited in United States dollars, based on their documented assets and accounting for debt and other factors. Royalty and dictators whose wealth comes from their positions are excluded from these lists. This ranking is an index of the wealthiest documented individuals, excluding any ranking of those with wealth that is not able to be completely ascertained.^[2]

In 2018, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos was ranked at the top for the first time and became the first centibillionaire included in the ranking,^[3] surpassing Microsoft founder Bill Gates, who had topped the list 18 of the previous 24 years. In 2022, after topping the list for four years, Bezos was surpassed by Elon Musk. In 2023, Musk was in turn surpassed by French businessman Bernard Arnault, after topping the list for just a year. Arnault became the first French person to top the list.

Methodology

Each year, Forbes employs a team of over 50 reporters from a variety of countries to track the activity of the world's wealthiest individuals and sometimes groups or families – who share wealth. Preliminary surveys are sent to those who may qualify for the list. According to Forbes, they received three types of responses – some people try to inflate their wealth, others cooperate but leave out details, and some refuse to answer any questions. Business deals are then scrutinized and estimates of valuable assets – land, homes, vehicles, artwork, etc. – are made. Interviews are conducted to vet the figures and improve the estimate of an individual's holdings. Finally, positions in a publicly traded stock are priced to market on a date roughly a month before publication. Privately held companies are priced by the prevailing price-to-sales or price-to-earnings ratios. Known debt is subtracted from assets to get a final estimate of an individual's estimated worth in United States dollars. Since stock prices fluctuate rapidly, an individual's true wealth and ranking at the time of publication may vary from their situation when the list was compiled.^[4]

When a living individual has dispersed his or her wealth to immediate family members it is included under a single listing (as a single "family fortune") provided that individual (the grantor) is still living. However, if a deceased billionaire's fortune has been dispersed, it will not appear as a single listing, and each recipient will only appear if his or her own total net worth is over a $1 billion (his or her net worth will not be combined with family members'). Royal families and dictators that have their wealth contingent on a position are always excluded from these lists.^[5]

Annual rankings

The rankings are published annually in March, so the net worths listed are snapshots taken at that time. These lists only show the top 10 wealthiest billionaires for each year.

Legend

Icon	Description
	Has not changed from the previous ranking.
	Has increased from the previous ranking.
	Has decreased from the previous ranking.

2024

The 38th annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires found a record 2,781 billionaires with a total net wealth of $14.2 trillion. This is an increase of 141 members and $2 trillion from 2023, which held the previous record for the highest net worth gain on the list, surpassing the $900 billion record set in 2022. Two-thirds of the list members are wealthier compared to the previous year, including Mark Zuckerberg, whose net worth increased by $112.6 billion.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Primary source(s) of wealth
	& family	$233 billion	75		LVMH
		$195 billion	52		Tesla, SpaceX, Twitter (Currently X)
		$194 billion	60		Amazon
		$177 billion	39		Meta Platforms
		$141 billion	79		Oracle Corporation
		$133 billion	93		Berkshire Hathaway
		$128 billion	68		Microsoft
		$121 billion	68		Microsoft
		$116 billion	65		Reliance Industries
		$114 billion	51		Google

2023

In the 37th annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the list included 2,640 billionaires with a total net wealth of $12.2 trillion, down 28 members and $500 billion from 2022. Over half of the list is less wealthy compared to the previous year, including Elon Musk, who fell from No. 1 to No. 2.^[6] The list also marks for the first time a French citizen was in the top position as well as a non-American for the first time since 2013 when the Mexican Carlos Slim Helu was the world's richest person. The list, like in 2022, counted 15 under 30 billionaires with the richest of them being Red Bull heir Mark Mateschitz with a net worth of $34.7 billion. The youngest of the lot were Clemente Del Vecchio, heir to the Luxottica fortune shared with his six siblings and stepmother, and Kim Jung-yang, whose fortune lies in Japanese-South Korean gaming giant Nexon, both under-20s.^[7]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Primary source(s) of wealth
	& family	$211 billion	74		LVMH
		$180 billion	51		Tesla, SpaceX, Twitter (Currently X)
		$114 billion	59		Amazon
		$107 billion	78		Oracle Corporation
		$106 billion	92		Berkshire Hathaway
		$104 billion	67		Microsoft
		$94.5 billion	81		Bloomberg L.P.
	& family	$93 billion	83		Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$83.4 billion	66		Reliance Industries
		$80.7 billion	67		Microsoft

2022

In the 36th annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the list included 2,668 billionaires with a total net wealth of $12.7 trillion, down 97 members from 2021.^[8]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Primary source(s) of wealth
		$219 billion	50		Tesla, SpaceX
		$177 billion	58
	& family	$158 billion	73		LVMH
		$129 billion	66		Microsoft
		$118 billion	91		Berkshire Hathaway
		$111 billion	49		Google
		$107 billion	48		Google
		$106 billion	77		Oracle Corporation
		$91.4 billion	66		Microsoft
		$90.7 billion	64		Reliance Industries

2021

In the 35th annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the list included 2,755 billionaires with a total net wealth of $13.1 trillion, up 660 members from 2020; 86% of these billionaires had more wealth than they possessed last year.^{[9] [10]}

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Source(s) of wealth
		$177 billion	57
		$151 billion	49		Tesla, SpaceX
	& family	$150 billion	72		LVMH
		$124 billion	65		Microsoft
		$97 billion	36		Meta Platforms
		$96 billion	90		Berkshire Hathaway
		$93 billion	76		Oracle Corporation
		$91.5 billion	48		Google
		$89 billion	47		Google
		$84.5 billion	63		Reliance Industries

2020

In the 34th annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the list included 2,095 billionaires with a total net wealth of $8 trillion, down 58 members and $700 billion from 2019; 51% of these billionaires had less wealth than they possessed last year.^[11] The list was finalized as of 18 March, thus was already partially influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Source(s) of wealth
		$113 billion	56
		$98 billion	64		Microsoft
	& family	$76 billion	71		LVMH
		$67.5 billion	89		Berkshire Hathaway
		$59 billion	75		Oracle Corporation
		$55.1 billion	84		Inditex, Zara
		$54.7 billion	35		Facebook, Inc.
		$54.6 billion	71		Walmart
		$54.4 billion	70		Walmart
	S. Robson Walton	$54.1 billion	77		Walmart

2019

In the 33rd annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the list included 2,153 billionaires with a total net wealth of $8.7 trillion, down 55 members and $400 billion from 2018.^[12] The U.S. continued to have the most billionaires in the world, with a record of 609, while China dropped to 324 (when not including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan).^[12]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Source(s) of wealth
		$131 billion	55
		$96.5 billion	63		Microsoft
		$82.5 billion	88		Berkshire Hathaway
		$76 billion	70	France	LVMH
		$64 billion	79
		$62.7 billion	82		Inditex, Zara
		$62.5 billion	74		Oracle Corporation
		$62.3 billion	34		Facebook, Inc.
		$55.5 billion	77		Bloomberg L.P.
		$50.8 billion	45		Google

2018

In the 32nd annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the aggregate wealth of the top 20 richest people on Earth amounted to about 13 percent of all billionaires' fortunes combined.^[13] A record of 2,208 billionaires were in the ranking and the total wealth was $9.1 trillion, up 18% since 2017. For the first time, Jeff Bezos was listed as the top billionaire due to Amazon's rising stock price that resulted in one person's biggest one-year gain in wealth ($35 billion) since Forbes started tracking in 1987.^[13] The U.S. had the most billionaires in the world, with 585, while China was catching up with 476 when including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan; it had 372 when excluding those three places.^[13] Forbes excluded Al-Walid bin Talal and all other Saudi billionaires due to the absence of accurate wealth estimations as a result of the 2017–19 Saudi Arabian purge.^[14]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Source(s) of wealth
		$112 billion	54
		$90 billion	62		Microsoft
		$84 billion	87		Berkshire Hathaway
		$72 billion	69	France	LVMH
		$71 billion	33		Facebook, Inc.
		$70 billion	81		Inditex, Zara
		$67.1 billion	78
		$60 billion	82		Koch Industries
		$60 billion	77		Koch Industries
		$58.5 billion	73		Oracle Corporation

2017

On the 30th anniversary of the Forbes list of the world's billionaires, for the fourth year in a row, Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world.^[3] In 2017, there was a record of 2,043 people on the list, which is the first time over 2,000 people were listed. This included 195 newcomers of whom 76 were from China and 25 from the U.S.; there were 56 people under 40 and it had a record of 227 women.^[15] The number of billionaires increased 13% to 2,043 from 1,810 in 2016; this was the biggest change in over 30 years of tracking billionaires globally.^[3] Added together, the total net worth for 2017's billionaires was, up from in 2015. This was the first time after 12 years that Carlos Slim was not within the top five. The U.S. had the most billionaires in the world, with a record of 565. China had 319 (not including Hong Kong, Taiwan or Macau), Germany had 114, and India had the fourth most with 101; India reached over 100 billionaires for its first time.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age		Source(s) of wealth
		$86.0 billion	61		Microsoft
		$75.6 billion	86		Berkshire Hathaway
		$72.8 billion	53
		$71.3 billion	80		Inditex, Zara
		$56.0 billion	32		Facebook, Inc.
		$54.5 billion	77
		$52.2 billion	72		Oracle Corporation
		$48.3 billion	81		Koch Industries
		$48.3 billion	76		Koch Industries
		$47.5 billion	75		Bloomberg L.P.

2016

For the third year in a row, Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world by Forbes 2016 list of the world's billionaires.^[16] This is the 17th time that the founder of Microsoft had claimed the top spot. Amancio Ortega rose from last year's position of number four to second.^[17] Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway came in third for the second consecutive time,^[18] while Mexican telecommunication mogul Carlos Slim slipped from last year's second position to fourth. Jeff Bezos of Amazon,^[19] Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook^[20] and Michael Bloomberg of Bloomberg L.P.,^[21] appeared for the first time on the Forbes top 10 billionaires list, coming at fifth, sixth and eighth positions, respectively. Zuckerberg became the youngest top 10 billionaire this year at the age of 31. Larry Ellison, Charles Koch and David Koch also slipped from their previous year's positions, with Ellison dropping to seventh from fifth, and the Kochs falling to ninth position from sixth.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$75.0 billion	60		Microsoft
		$67.0 billion	79		Inditex
		$60.8 billion	85		Berkshire Hathaway
		$50.0 billion	76
		$45.2 billion	52
		$44.6 billion	31		Facebook, Inc.
		$43.6 billion	71		Oracle Corporation
		$40.0 billion	74		Bloomberg L.P.
		$39.6 billion	80		Koch Industries
		$39.6 billion	75		Koch Industries

2015

See main article: The World's Billionaires 2015.

In the 29th annual Forbes list of global billionaires, a record 1,826 billionaires were named with an aggregated net worth of $7.1 trillion compared to $6.4 trillion in the previous year. 46 of the billionaires in this list were under the age of 40. A record number of 290 people joined the list for the first time, of whom 25 percent hailed from China, which produced a world-leading 71 newcomers. The United States came in second, with 57; followed by India, with 28; and Germany, with 23.^[22] The United States had the largest number of billionaires with 526. Russia went down to 88 from 111 in 2014. Russia was placed behind China, Germany and India by the number of billionaires. Self-made billionaires made up the largest number of people on the list with 1,191 positions (over 65 percent), while just 230 (under 13 percent) had wealth through inheritance. The number of billionaires who inherited a portion but were still working to increase their fortunes is 405.^[23]

Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world by Forbes' annual list of the world's billionaires. This was the 16th time that the founder of Microsoft claimed the top spot. Carlos Slim came in second for the second consecutive time. Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway placed third, while Amancio Ortega of Spain, slipped down a position from the previous year to number four. Larry Ellison, the founder of Oracle, rounded off the top five. Christy Walton was the highest-ranking female at number eight. America's Evan Spiegel, co-founder of photo messaging app Snapchat, became the youngest billionaire this year at age 24. At age 99, David Rockefeller maintained his position as the oldest billionaire included in the list.^[24] Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, rose to number 16 with $33.4 billion. Iceland had a billionaire, Thor Bjorgolfsson, in the list after a gap of five years. Guatemala had a billionaire, Mario Lopez Estrada, for the first time in its history.^[25]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$79.2 billion	59		Microsoft
		$77.1 billion	75		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$72.7 billion	84		Berkshire Hathaway
		$64.5 billion	78		Inditex
		$54.3 billion	70		Oracle Corporation
		$42.9 billion	79		Koch Industries
		$42.9 billion	74		Koch Industries
		$41.7 billion	66		Walmart
		$40.6 billion	66		Walmart
		$40.1 billion	92	France	L'Oreal

2014

See main article: The World's Billionaires 2014.

Gates added $9 billion to his fortune since 2013 and topped the Forbes 2014 billionaire list. He had topped the list in 15 of the previous 20 years, but his previous number one ranking was in 2009.^[26] Mexican telecommunication mogul Carlos Slim came in second place after being number one the previous four years. Zara founder Amancio Ortega placed third for the second consecutive year. American investor Warren Buffett was in the top five for the 20th consecutive year, placing fourth.^[27] America's Christy Walton was the highest ranking woman, placing ninth overall.^[28] Aliko Dangote of Nigeria became the first African to enter the top 25, with an estimated net worth of $25 billion.^[29]

A total of 1,645 people made the 2014 billionaire list, representing a combined wealth of $6.4 trillion. Of those, a record 268 were newcomers, surpassing 2008's 226 newcomers. 100 people listed in 2013 failed to make the list. The number of women on the list rose to a record 172 in 2014. Approximately 66 percent of the list were self-made, 13 percent achieved their wealth through inheritance alone, and 21 percent through a mixture of the two.

The United States had 492 billionaires on the list, the most of any country. It also had the most newcomers with 50, and women with 54. China had the second most billionaires with 152, while Russia was third with 111. Algeria, Lithuania, Tanzania, and Uganda were all represented on the list for the first time. Turkey saw the most people drop off the list, 19, due to a period of high inflation in the country.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$76.0 billion	58		Microsoft
	& family	$72.0 billion	74		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$64.0 billion	77		Inditex
		$58.2 billion	83		Berkshire Hathaway
		$48.0 billion	70		Oracle Corporation
		$40.0 billion	78		Koch Industries
		$40.0 billion	73		Koch Industries
		$38.0 billion	80		Las Vegas Sands
	& family	$36.7 billion	65		Walmart
		$34.7 billion	65		Walmart

2013

See main article: The World's Billionaires 2013.

Carlos Slim topped the 2013 billionaire list, marking his fourth consecutive year at the top. Gates remained in second, while Amancio Ortega moved up to third. Ortega's gain of $19.5 billion was the largest of anyone on the list. Warren Buffett failed to make the top three for the first time since 2000, placing fourth. Diesel founder Renzo Rosso was among the top newcomers, debuting with an estimate net worth of $3 billion.

A global rise in asset prices led Forbes editor Randall Lane to declare "It [was] a very good year to be a billionaire". However, it was not a good year to be Eike Batista, who fell from seventh to 100th, suffering the largest net loss of anyone on the list. Overall, net gainers outnumbered net losers by 4:1.^[30]

A record total of 1,426 people made the 2013 list, representing $5.4 trillion of assets. Of those, 442 billionaires hailed from the United States.^[31] The Asian-Pacific region had 386 billionaires and Europe 366. The list also featured a record number of newcomers, 210, representing 42 countries. 60 people from the 2012 list fell below a billion dollars of assets in 2013, and eight others from the 2012 list died. The Asia-Pacific region had the most drop-offs, with 29, followed by the United States with 16. The 2013 list featured 138 women, of which 50 came from the United States. A majority of the list (961 individuals, 67 percent) were entirely self-made; 184 (13 percent) inherited their wealth, and 281 (20 percent) achieved their fortune through a combination of inheritance and business acumen.^[32] Vietnam's Phạm Nhật Vượng was the first person from that country to be included in this list.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	& family	$73.0 billion	73		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$67.0 billion	57		Microsoft
		$57.0 billion	76		Inditex Group
		$53.5 billion	82		Berkshire Hathaway
		$43.0 billion	68		Oracle Corporation
		$34.0 billion	77		Koch Industries
		$34.0 billion	72		Koch Industries
		$31.0 billion	84		Cheung Kong Holdings
	& family	$30.0 billion	90	France	L'Oréal
		$29.0 billion	63	France	LVMH

2012

See main article: The World's Billionaires 2012.

Carlos Slim topped the 2012 list, marking this third consecutive year at the top. Gates placed second but narrowed the gap from 2011 as Slim's fortune fell $5 billion while Gates' rose $5 billion. Warren Buffett remained in third place. Bernard Arnault of France was the top-ranking European on the list, placing fourth. Ricardo Salinas Pliego was the greatest gainer in terms of dollars, adding $9.2 billion to his fortune and moving up to number 37 overall. Making her debut on the list at age 41, Spanx founder Sara Blakely became the youngest self-made female billionaire ever.^[33] Colombia's Alejandro Santo Domingo was the highest-ranked newcomer, inheriting a $9.5 billion stake in Santo Domingo Group from his father.^[34] India's Lakshmi Mittal was the largest loser as his fortune dropped from $31.1 billion to $20.7 billion as the price of steelmaker ArcelorMittal fell sharply. As a result, he failed to make the top 10 for the first time since 2004 and lost his title of richest Asian to Hong Kong's Li Ka-shing.

A record total of 1,226 people made the 2012 list, representing 58 countries. Of those, 126 were newcomers to the list and 104 were women. The United States had the greatest number of billionaires with 425. Russia had 96 people on the list, while China had 95. Georgia, Morocco, and Peru were newly represented on the list. Falling stock prices in Asia contributed to 117 former billionaires falling from the list worldwide. Twelve others listed in 2011 died. Overall, net gainers (460) barely outnumbered net losers (441).^[35]

To coincide with the release of the 2012 list, Forbes announced a then-new "Billionaire Real-Time Ticker" updating the wealth of the world's top 50 billionaires in real time.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	& family	$69.0 billion	72		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$61.0 billion	56		Microsoft
		$44.0 billion	81		Berkshire Hathaway
		$41.0 billion	63	France	LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton
		$37.5 billion	75		Inditex Group
		$36.0 billion	67		Oracle Corporation
		$30.0 billion	55		EBX Group
	Stefan Persson	$26.0 billion	64		H&M
		$25.5 billion	83		Cheung Kong Holdings
		$25.4 billion	92		Aldi

2011

See main article: The World's Billionaires 2011.

In the 25th annual Forbes list of global billionaires, Slim added $20.5 billion to his fortune, the most of anyone, and retained his number one ranking with a total fortune of $74 billion. Gates remained in second place with $56 billion, while Warren Buffett was third with $50 billion. The top 10 had a combined wealth of $406 billion, up from $342 billion in 2010. According to Forbes editor Kerry Dolan, "media and technology billionaires definitely benefited from a stronger stock market and a growing enthusiasm for all things social" since the 2010 list. However, Nigerian commodity mogul Aliko Dangote was the greatest gainer on a percentage basis as his fortune increased 557 percent to $13.5 billion. Mark Zuckerberg was one of seven Facebook-related billionaires on the list, as he added $9.5 billion to his net worth to move up to 52nd. Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz was the youngest person on the list. Aged 26, eight days younger than Zuckerberg, he debuted at number 420 with an estimated fortune of $2.7 billion. IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad was the largest loser as he saw his fortune plummet from $23 billion to $6 billion, dropping him from 11th to 162nd overall.

A record 1,210 billionaires made the 2011 list, representing a combined wealth of $4.5 trillion, up from $3.6 trillion the previous year.^[36] One third of the world's billionaires, 413, came from the United States. China had the second most billionaires with 115, while Russia was third with 101. Asia moved up to 332 billionaires, passing Europe as a region for the first time since the 1990s. The 2011 list included 214 newcomers and the average net worth of those on it increased to $3.7 billion.^[37]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$74.0 billion	71		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$56.0 billion	55		Microsoft
		$50.0 billion	80		Berkshire Hathaway
		$41.0 billion	62	France	LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton
		$39.5 billion	66		Oracle Corporation
		$31.1 billion	60		Arcelor Mittal
		$31.0 billion	74		Inditex Group
		$30.0 billion	53		EBX Group
		$27.0 billion	54		Reliance Industries
	& family	$26.5 billion	62		Walmart

2010

See main article: The World's Billionaires 2010.

Slim narrowly eclipsed Gates to top the billionaire list for the first time. Slim saw his estimated worth surge $18.5 billion to $53.5 billion as shares of America Movil rose 35 percent. Gates' estimated wealth rose $13 billion to $53 billion, placing him second. Warren Buffett was third with $47 billion.^[38] Christy Walton was the highest-ranking woman, placing 12th overall, with an inherited fortune of $22.5 billion.^[39] At age 25, Mark Zuckerberg continued to be the world's youngest self-made billionaire. American Isaac Perlmutter was among the newcomers with an estimated fortune of $4 billion largely acquired in his sale of Marvel Entertainment to Disney.

A total of 1,011 people made the 2010 list. The United States accounted for 403 billionaires, followed by China with 89 and Russia with 62. It was the first time China, while including Hong Kong, placed second. A total of 55 countries were represented on the 2010 list, including Finland and Pakistan which claimed their first billionaires. Eighty-nine women made the list, but only 14 of them were self-made. The combined net worth of the list was $3.6 trillion, up 50 percent from 2009's $2.4 trillion, while the average net worth was $3.5 billion.^[40]

The 2010 list featured 164 re-entries and 97 true newcomers. Asia accounted for more than 100 of the new entrants. Overall, just 12 percent of the list lost wealth since 2009, and 30 people fell off the list. 13 others died. Of the 89 women, 12 were newcomers in 2010. Steve Forbes said the growing number of billionaires was a clear sign that the world's economy was recovering from 2009's global financial crisis.

In June 2010, Gates and Buffett announced the Giving Pledge, a promise to give the majority of their wealth to philanthropic causes. As of 2017, the pledge had 158 signatories, but some of the signatories have since died. Most of the signers of the pledge are billionaires, and their pledges total over $365 billion.^[41]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	& family	$53.5 billion	70		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$53.0 billion	54		Microsoft
		$47.0 billion	79		Berkshire Hathaway
		$29.0 billion	53		Reliance Industries
		$28.7 billion	60		Arcelor Mittal
		$28.0 billion	66		Oracle Corporation
		$27.5 billion	61	France	LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton
		$27.0 billion	53<	--Forbes shows 53, Wikipedia bio shows 52-->		EBX Group
		$25.0 billion	74		Inditex Group
		$23.5 billion	90		Aldi Süd

2009

In the wake of the Financial crisis of 2007–2008, the world's billionaires lost $2 trillion in net worth and the list became 30% smaller than the previous year's list.^[42]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$40.0 billion	53		Microsoft
		$37.0 billion	78			Berkshire Hathaway
		$35.0 billion	69		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$22.5 billion	64		Oracle Corporation
		$22.0 billion	83		IKEA
		$21.5 billion	89		Aldi Süd
		$19.5 billion	52		Reliance Industries
		$19.3 billion	58		Arcelor Mittal
		$18.8 billion	87		Aldi Nord, Trader Joe's
		$18.3 billion	73		Inditex Group

2008

Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, four years after starting the company, joined the list at 23 to become the youngest self-made billionaire.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$62.0 billion	77		Berkshire Hathaway
		$60.0 billion	68		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$58.0 billion	52		Microsoft
		$45.0 billion	57		Arcelor Mittal
		$43.0 billion	51		Reliance Industries
		$42.0 billion	48		Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group
		$31.0 billion	81		IKEA
		$30.0 billion	76		DLF Group
		$28.0 billion	40		Rusal
		$27.0 billion	88		Aldi Süd

2007

Forbes recorded a then record of 946 billionaires. There were 178 newcomers, as well as the first billionaires from Cyprus, Oman, Romania and Serbia. Over 66% of the previous year's billionaires became richer. The billionaires' net worth increased in 2007 by $900 billion to $3.5 trillion.^[43]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$56.0 billion	51		Microsoft
		$52.0 billion	76		Berkshire Hathaway
		$49.0 billion	67		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
	Ingvar Kamprad	$33.0 billion	80		IKEA
		$32.0 billion	56		Arcelor Mittal
		$26.5 billion	73		Las Vegas Sands
		$26.0 billion	58	France	LVMH
		$24.0 billion	71		Inditex Group
		$23.0 billion	78		Cheung Kong Holdings, Hutchison Whampoa
	David Thomson	$22.0 billion	49		Thomson Corporation

2006

Free cash used by consumers from home equity extraction, known as the real estate bubble created a total of nearly $5 trillion in 2005, contributing to economic growth worldwide.^[44]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$52.0 billion	50		Microsoft
		$42.0 billion	75		Berkshire Hathaway
		$30.0 billion	66		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$28.0 billion	79		IKEA
		$23.5 billion	55		Mittal Steel Company
		$22.0 billion	53		Microsoft
		$21.5 billion	57	France	LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton
		$20.0 billion	49		Kingdom Holding Company
		$19.6 billion	82		Thomson Corporation
		$18.8 billion	77		Cheung Kong Group, Hutchison Whampoa

2005

The net worth of 2005's 691 billionaires was $2.2 trillion. More than half of them had self-made fortunes.^[45]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$46.5 billion	49		Microsoft
		$44.0 billion	74		Berkshire Hathaway
		$25.0 billion	54		Mittal Steel Company
		$23.8 billion	65		América Móvil, Grupo Carso
		$23.7 billion	49		Kingdom Holding Company
		$23.0 billion	79		IKEA
		$21.0 billion	52		Microsoft
		$18.5 billion	85		Aldi Süd
		$18.4 billion	60		Oracle Corporation
		$18.3 billion	61		Walmart

2004

The founders of Google, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, became billionaires at age 30.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$46.6 billion	48		Microsoft
		$42.9 billion	73		Berkshire Hathaway
		$23.0 billion	84		Aldi Süd
		$21.5 billion	47		Kingdom Holding Company
		$21.0 billion	51		Microsoft
		$20.0 billion	55		Wal-Mart
		$20.0 billion	84		Wal-Mart
		$20.0 billion	56		Wal-Mart
		$20.0 billion	58		Wal-Mart
		$20.0 billion	60		Wal-Mart

* Each hold an essentially equal share in Walmart.

2003

Oprah Winfrey became the first female African-American billionaire.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$40.7 billion	47		Microsoft
		$30.5 billion	72		Berkshire Hathaway
		$25.6 billion	83		Aldi
		$20.1 billion	50		Microsoft
		$17.7 billion	46		Kingdom Holding Company
		$16.6 billion	58		Oracle Corporation
		$16.5 billion	54		Wal-Mart
		$16.5 billion	83		Wal-Mart
		$16.5 billion	55		Wal-Mart
		$16.5 billion	57		Wal-Mart
		$16.5 billion	59		Wal-Mart

* Each hold an essentially equal share in Walmart.

2002

As a result of the market crash caused by the Dot-com bubble, 83 billionaires dropped off the list from the previous year.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$52.8 billion	46		Microsoft
		$35.0 billion	71		Berkshire Hathaway
		$26.8 billion	82		Aldi
		$25.2 billion	49		Microsoft
		$23.5 billion	57		Oracle Corporation
		$20.8 billion	54		Wal-Mart
		$20.7 billion	56		Wal-Mart
		$20.5 billion	53		Wal-Mart
		$20.5 billion	58		Wal-Mart
		$20.5 billion	82		Wal-Mart

* Each hold an essentially equal share in Walmart.

2001

In 2001, BET founder Robert L. Johnson became the first ever African-American billionaire.^[46]

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$58.7 billion	45		Microsoft
		$32.3 billion	70		Berkshire Hathaway
		$30.4 billion	48		Microsoft
		$26.0 billion	56		Oracle Corporation
	Karl and Theo Albrecht	$25.0 billion	81		Aldi
		$20.0 billion	44		Kingdom Holding Company
		$18.8 billion	53		Wal-Mart
		$18.7 billion	55		Wal-Mart
		$18.6 billion	57		Wal-Mart
		$18.5 billion	52		Wal-Mart
		$18.5 billion	81		Wal-Mart

* Each hold an essentially equal share in Wal-Mart. Had he been alive in 2001, Sam Walton would have been the world's wealthiest person.

2000

Gates became the first American to take the top spot of the world's billionaires in 1995 with a net worth of $12.5 billion, and he remained there during the dot-com bubble's height in 1999 when his fortune peaked at $90 billion. After the dot-com bubble started to collapse in 2000, his wealth dropped to $60 billion, although he remained at the top of the list.

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$60.0 billion	44		Microsoft
		$47.0 billion	55		Oracle Corporation
		$28.0 billion	47		Microsoft
		$25.6 billion	69		Berkshire Hathaway
		$20.0 billion	80		Aldi
		$20.0 billion	43		Kingdom Holding Company
		$20.0 billion	57		Wal-Mart
		$19.4 billion	43		Softbank Capital, SoftBank Mobile
		$19.1 billion	35		Dell
		$16.1 billion	77		The Thomson Corporation

1999

No.^[47]	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$90.0 billion	43		Microsoft
		$36.0 billion	68		Berkshire Hathaway
		$30.0 billion	46		Microsoft
		$19.5 billion	43		Microsoft
		$16.5 billion	59		The Anschutz Corporation
		$16.5 billion	34		Dell
		$15.8 billion	55		Wal-Mart
		$15.0 billion	42		Kingdom Holding Company
	Karl and Theo Albrecht	$13.6 billion	79		Aldi
	& family	$12.6 billion	71		CK Asset Holdings^[48]

1998

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$51.0 billion	43		Microsoft
	Walton family	$48.0 billion	_		Wal-Mart
		$33.0 billion	67		Berkshire Hathaway
		$21.0 billion	45		Microsoft
		$14.4 billion	74		Woodbridge Co. Ltd.^[49]
	Jay and Robert Pritzker	$13.5 billion	_		Hyatt^[50]
	Forrest Mars Sr. & family	$13.5 billion	94		Mars, Inc.^[51]
		$13.3 billion	41		Kingdom Holding Company
		$12.7 billion	70		Henderson Land Development^[52]
	Karl and	$11.7 billion	78		Aldi

1997

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$36.4 billion	42		Microsoft
	Walton family	$27.6 billion	_		Wal-Mart
		$23.2 billion	66		Berkshire Hathaway
		$14.7 billion	69		Henderson Land Development
		$14.1 billion	44		Microsoft
	Kwok brothers	$12.3 billion	48		Sun Hung Kai Properties^[53]
	Haas family	$12.3 billion	_		Levi Strauss & Co^[54]
	Forrest Mars Sr. & family	$12.0 billion	93		Mars, Inc.
	Karl and	$11.5 billion	77		Aldi
	& family	$11.3 billion	73		Cathay Life Insurance^[55]

1996

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Age	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	Walton family	$22.9 billion	_		Wal-Mart
		$18.0 billion	41		Microsoft
		$15.3 billion	65		Berkshire Hathaway
	Oeri, Hoffman & Sacher families	$13.1 billion	_		Roche^[56]
		$12.7 billion	68	Hong Kong	Henderson Land Development
	& family	$12.2 billion	72		Cathay Life Insurance
	Kwok brothers	$11.2 billion	_	Hong Kong	Sun Hung Kai Properties
	& family	$10.6 billion	68	Hong Kong	CK Asset Holdings
		$9.2 billion	62	Japan	Seibu Railway^[57]
	Karl and	$9.0 billion	76		Aldi^[58]

1995

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	Walton family	$23.5 billion		Wal-Mart
		$12.9 billion		Microsoft
		$10.7 billion		Berkshire Hathaway
	Hans and	$9.0 billion		Tetra Pak
		$9.0 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
	& Hoffman family	$8.6 billion		Hoffmann-La Roche
	& family	$8.5 billion		Lin Yuan Group
		$6.5 billion		Thomson Corporation
		$6.5 billion	Hong Kong	Henderson Land Development
		$6.2 billion		Hyundai

1994

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	Walton family	$22.6 billion		Wal-Mart
	du Pont family	$9.0 billion		DuPont
	Hans and	$9.0 billion		Tetra Pak
		$8.5 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
		$8.2 billion		Microsoft
		$7.9 billion		Berkshire Hathaway
	& Hoffman family	$7.8 billion		Hoffmann-La Roche
	& family	$7.5 billion		Lin Yuan Group
	Karl and	$7.3 billion		Aldi
		$6.6 billion		América Móvil, Grupo Carso

1993

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	Walton family	$25.3 billion		Wal-Mart
	Mars family	$9.2 billion		Mars, Inc.
		$9.0 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
	du Pont family	$8.6 billion		DuPont
	Minoru and Akira Mori	$7.5 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
		$7.4 billion		Microsoft
	Samuel and Donald Newhouse	$7.0 billion		Advance Publications
	Sid and Lee Bass & brothers	$6.8 billion		Richardson Gasoline
		$6.6 billion		Berkshire Hathaway
		$6.2 billion		Tengelmann Group

1992

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	Walton family	$23.8 billion		Wal-Mart
		$13.0 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
		$10.0 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
	Hans and Gad Rausing	$7.0 billion		Tetra Pak
		$6.9 billion		Tengelmann Group
	Haniel family	$6.4 billion		Franz Haniel & Cie.
		$6.4 billion		Microsoft
	& family	$6.2 billion		Sainsbury's
		$6.2 billion		Thomson Corporation
		$6.0 billion		Lotte Corporation

1991

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
	Walton family	$18.5 billion		Wal-Mart
		$15.0 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
		$14.0 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
	du Pont family	$10.0 billion		DuPont
	Hans and Gad Rausing	$9.0 billion		Tetra Pak
		$7.7 billion	Japan	Azabu Building
	& brothers	$7.1 billion		Olympia & York
		$6.8 billion		Thomson Corporation
		$6.1 billion	Japan	Heiwa Corporation
		$6.0 billion		Lotte Corporation

1990

No.	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$16.0 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
		$14.6 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
	Walton family	$13.5 billion		Wal-Mart
	du Pont family	$10.0 billion		DuPont
	Hans and Gad Rausing	$9.6 billion		Tetra Pak
		$9.2 billion	Japan	Azabu Building
	& brothers	$9.0 billion		Olympia & York
		$8.4 billion	Japan	Heiwa Corporation
		$7.5 billion		Lotte Corporation
		$5.8 billion	Japan	Shin Nihon Kanko

1989

No.^[59]	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$15.0 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
		$14.2 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
	& family	$8.7 billion		Wal-Mart
	Reichmann brothers	$8.0 billion		Olympia & York
		$8.0 billion		Lotte Corporation
	& family	$7.8 billion	Japan	Chisan
		$7.0 billion+	Japan	Azabu Building
	& family	$7.0 billion	Japan	Real estate
	Hans and	$7.0 billion		Tetra Pak
		$6.6 billion	Japan	Shin Nihon Kanko

1988

No.^[60]	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$18.9 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
		$18.0 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
	Reichmann brothers	$9.0 billion		Olympia & York
		$8.0 billion		Lotte Corporation
		$8.0 billion		Irving Oil
		$7.8 billion	Japan	Real estate
		$6.5 billion		Wal-Mart
		$5.6 billion		Lin Yuan Group
		$5.0 billion+	Japan	Shin Nihon Kanko
		$5.2 billion	Japan	Azabu Building

1987

No.^[61]	Name	Net worth (USD)	Nationality	Source(s) of wealth
		$20 billion	Japan	Seibu Corporation
		$15 billion	Japan	Mori Building Company
		$7.5 billion	Japan	Shuwa Corporation
		$7.0 billion	Japan	Real estate
	Salim Ahmed bin Mahfouz	$6.2 billion		National Commercial Bank
	Hans and	$6.0 billion		Tetra Pak
	Paul Reichmann	$6.0 billion		Olympia & York
		$5.6 billion	Japan	Real estate
		$5.4 billion		Thomson Corporation
	Keizo Saji	$4.0 billion	Japan	Suntory

Statistics

The dot-com bubble created the most paper wealth for some billionaires. However, once the dotcom bubble burst the new rich saw their fortunes disappear.^[62] Billionaires' fortunes were hit even harder by the global financial crisis; 2009 was the first time in five years that the world had a net loss in the number of billionaires.^[63] The strong performance of the financial markets and global economic recovery have erased financial assets losses. Most of the richest people in the world saw their fortunes soar in the early 2010s.^{[64] [65]}

Number and combined net worth of billionaires by year^[66]

Year	Number of billionaires	Group's combined net worth
2024	2,781	$14.2 trillion
2023	2,640	$12.2 trillion
2022	2,668	$12.7 trillion
2021	2,755	$13.1 trillion
2020	2,095	$8.0 trillion
2019	2,153	$8.7 trillion
2018	2,208	$9.1 trillion
2017	2,043	$7.7 trillion
2016	1,810	$6.5 trillion
2015^[67]	1,826	$7.1 trillion
2014^[68]	1,645	$6.4 trillion
2013^[69]	1,426	$5.4 trillion
2012	1,226	$4.6 trillion
2011	1,210	$4.5 trillion
2010	1,011	$3.6 trillion
2009	793	$2.4 trillion
2008	1,125	$4.4 trillion
2007	946	$3.5 trillion
2006	793	$2.6 trillion
2005	691	$2.2 trillion
2004	587	$1.9 trillion
2003	476	$1.4 trillion
2002	497	$1.5 trillion
2001	538	$1.8 trillion
2000	470	$898 billion
Sources: Forbes.

See also

• Bloomberg Billionaires Index
• List of centibillionaires
• List of cities by number of billionaires
• List of countries by number of billionaires
• List of wealthiest animals
• List of wealthiest families
• List of wealthiest religious organizations

References

General

• 2000–2010 Top 10s: News: Rogers. Simon . 11 March 2010 . Forbes rich list: ten years of top tens . The Guardian .
• 2011 Top 10: The World's Billionaires 2011 . Forbes .
• 2012 Top 10: News: Forbes rich list 2012: top 50 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/9130322/Forbes-rich-list-2012-top-50.html . 10 January 2022 . subscription . live . The Telegraph . 8 March 2012 .
• 2013 Top 10: Durgy. Edwin . The World's Richest Billionaires: Full List Of The Top 500 . Forbes . 4 March 2013 .
• 2014 Top 10: Forbes Releases 28th Annual World's Billionaires Issue . Forbes . 3 March 2014 . 3 March 2014.
• 2015 Top 10: Forbes' 29th Annual World's Billionaires Issue . Forbes . 2 March 2015 . 12 March 2015.

External links

• Forbes: "The World's Billionaires"
• Forbes: Real-Time Billionaires

Notes and References

1. Web site: Forbes' 38th Annual World's Billionaires List: Facts And Figures 2023 . 3 April 2024 . Forbes . en . April 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403010521/https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2024/04/02/forbes-worlds-billionaires-list-2024-the-top-200/ . live .
2. Web site: Why Putin Isn't on 'Forbes' Billionaires List. Forbes. 2 March 2015. 17 November 2017. 20 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171020091119/http://www.newsweek.com/why-putin-isnt-forbes-billionaires-list-310818. live.
3. News: Forbes 2017 billionaires list: Meet the richest people on the planet . Kroll . Luisa . Forbes . 21 March 2017 . 21 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170321160341/http://www.msn.com/en-us/money/savingandinvesting/forbes-2017-billionaires-list-meet-the-richest-people-on-the-planet/ar-BByqKfX . live .
4. Dolan . Kerry A. . Methodology: How We Crunch The Numbers . Forbes . 7 March 2012 . 4 January 2013 . 3 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130103091005/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2012/03/07/methodology-how-we-crunch-the-numbers/ . live .
5. https://www.forbes.com/2006/05/04/rich-kings-dictators_cz_lk_0504royals.html Fortunes Of Kings, Queens And Dictators
6. Web site: Peterson-Withorn . Chase . 4 April 2023 . Forbes' 37th Annual World's Billionaires List: Facts And Figures 2023 . 5 April 2023 . Forbes . en . 8 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408082704/https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2023/04/04/forbes-37th-annual-worlds-billionaires-list-facts-and-figures-2023/ . live .
7. Web site: The World's Youngest Billionaires 2023. Forbes. Phoebe. Liu. 4 April 2023. 6 April 2023.
8. Web site: Peterson-Withorn . Chase . 5 April 2022 . Forbes' 36th Annual World's Billionaires List: Facts And Figures 2022 . 8 April 2022 . Forbes . en . 8 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408082704/https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2022/04/05/forbes-36th-annual-worlds-billionaires-list-facts-and-figures-2022/ . live .
9. Web site: Dolan. Kerry A.. 6 April 2021. Forbes World's Billionaires List - The Richest in 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220217164331/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/. live. 17 February 2022. 18 February 2022. www.forbes.com.
10. Web site: Dolan. Kerry A.. Forbes' 35th Annual World's Billionaires List: Facts And Figures 2021. 10 April 2021. Forbes. en. 9 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210409230211/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2021/04/06/forbes-35th-annual-worlds-billionaires-list-facts-and-figures-2021/. live.
11. Web site: Forbes Billionaires 2020. Dolan. Kerry A.. 2020. Forbes. 7 April 2020. 4 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190104180124/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/3/. live.
12. Web site: Billionaires 2019. 5 March 2019. Forbes. 13 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190701053757/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/. 1 July 2019.
13. Web site: Forbes Billionaires 2018: Meet The Richest People On The Planet. Luisa. Kroll. Forbes. 6 March 2018. 6 March 2018. 8 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165924/https://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2018/03/06/forbes-billionaires-2018-meet-the-richest-people-on-the-planet/. live.
14. Web site: Why No Saudi Arabians Made The Forbes Billionaires List This Year. Kerry A.. Dolan. Forbes. 21 October 2019. 6 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180306150806/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2018/03/06/no-saudi-arabian-billionaires-forbes-list-2018-alwaleed-alamoudi/. live.
15. Web site: The World's Billionaires List . . 23 March 2017 . 21 March 2017 . 4 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190304152923/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/#version:static_tab:women . live .
16. Web site:
    1. 1 Bill Gates
    . https://web.archive.org/web/20150304235759/http://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-gates/?list=billionaires. dead. 4 March 2015. Forbes. 2 January 2016.
17. Web site: Amancio Ortega . . 27 January 2016 . 27 January 2016 . 3 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190903053752/https://www.forbes.com/profile/amancio-ortega/?list=billionaires . live .
18. The World's Billionaires : Warren Buffett . Forbes . 3 November 2015 . 15 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815130703/https://www.forbes.com/profile/warren-buffett/ . live .
19. Web site: Jeff Bezos . Forbes . 27 October 2015 . 30 January 2021 . https://archive.today/20210130021706/https://www.forbes.com/profile/jeff-bezos/?sh=3c149a3a1b23 . live .
20. The World's Billionaires - Mark Zuckerberg. Forbes. 1 March 2016. 21 March 2016. 20 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190320122956/https://www.forbes.com/profile/mark-zuckerberg/?list=billionaires. live.
21. The World's Billionaires - Michael Bloomberg. Forbes. 1 March 2016. 21 March 2016. 11 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011033351/https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires. live.
22. Alexander. Dan. Record 290 Newcomers Join Forbes Billionaires List, Including Michael Jordan. Forbes. 2 March 2015. 16 September 2017. 21 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170921085316/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/2015/03/02/record-290-newcomers-join-forbes-billionaires-list-including-michael-jordan/. live.
23. The World's Billionaires. Kerry A.. Dolan. Forbes. 2 March 2015. 3 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150303053520/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2015/03/02/inside-the-2015-forbes-billionaires-list-facts-and-figures/. live.
24. The World's Billionaires. Forbes. 3 March 2015. 2 March 2015. 4 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190304152923/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/#version:static. live.
25. Web site: Mario Lopez Estrada. Forbes: The World's Billionaires. 19 August 2015. 29 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150829055113/http://www.forbes.com/profile/mario-lopez-estrada/. live.
26. Inside The 2014 Forbes Billionaires List: Facts And Figures . 3 March 2014 . Forbes . Kerry A. . Dolan . Luisa . Kroll . 2 June 2014 . 2 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140602005842/http://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2014/03/03/inside-the-2014-forbes-billionaires-list-facts-and-figures/ . live .
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