| Tourney Name: | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL) |
| Num Teams: | 10 |
| Confederations: | 1 |
| Matches: | 90 |
| Goals: | 235 |
| Attendance: | 3016252 |
| Top Scorer: | Ronaldo |
| Prevseason: | 2002 |
| Nextseason: | 2010 |
Listed below are the dates and results for the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for South America. 10 teams took part, all in a single group. The rules were very simple: the teams would play against each other in a home-and-away basis, with the four teams with most points qualifying to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The fifth ranked team would have to play-off against the best team from Oceania, with the winner of this play-off also qualifying. For the first time, defending champions Brazil was required to go through the qualifying process and did not automatically qualify for the tournament.
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See main article: 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL–OFC play-off).
The fifth-placed team then played the winner of the OFC qualifying group, Australia, in a home-and-away play-off. The winner of this play-off qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals.
The following four teams from CONMEBOL qualified for the final tournament.
| Team | Qualified as | Qualified on | data-sort-type="number" | Previous appearances in FIFA World Cup1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 (all) (1930, 1934, 1938, 1950, 1954, 1958, 1962, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002) | ||||
| 13 (1930, 1934, 1958, 1962, 1966, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002) | ||||
| 1 (2002) | ||||
| 6 (1930, 1950, 1958, 1986, 1998, 2002) |
1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.