Chennai is home to the one of the largest vehicular population in India. The total road network in the city's metropolitan area is 2,780 km.[1] With Chennai's vehicular population having experienced a surge in the late 1990s, several flyovers were built to reduce the traffic congestion in the city. Of about 15,600 million invested by the state government between 2005 and 2016, Chennai cornered a major chunk of the investment. As of 2016, there were 42 functional flyovers in the city[2] and about 30 bridges, catering to the city's vehicular population of about 12 million, including about 600,000 cars. In addition, more than 36 flyovers are in the pipeline.[2]
The city's first flyover is the Anna Flyover at the Gemini Circle built in 1973, which was the third in India, after the ones at Kemps Corner and Marine Drive in Mumbai. It was also the longest flyover in the country when it was built.[3] No major flyovers were built in the following 20 years or so. The number of flyovers in the city began to rise in the late 1990s when a string of nine flyovers were built across the city during the tenure of the then Mayor of the city, M. K. Stalin.[4]
As of 1 April 2013, the total vehicle population of Chennai is 3,881,850, including 3,053,233 two wheelers.[5]
The flyover construction in the city has resulted in the addition of a mere 12.4 km of extra road capacity between 2005 and 2014. As of 2014, the total length of operational flyovers in the city was 13.5 km.[4]
| Flyover Name | Location | Length (km) | Lanes | Completed Year | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medavakkam Junction flyover | Medavakkam | 2 | 3-6 | |||
| Airport flyover | 1.7 | 3 | ||||
| Panagal Park flyover | 1.5 | |||||
| Pallavaram New Unidirectional Flyover | Pallavaram | 1.4 | 3 | |||
| Koyambedu CMBT flyover | Koyambedu | 1.15 | ||||
| Perambur Flyover | Perambur | 1 | ||||
| Madhavaram Roundtana Byepass Flyover | 1 | 4 | ||||
| Thirumangalam flyover | Thirumangalam | 0.85 | 4 | |||
| Retteri Flyover | Retteri | 0.8 | 6 | |||
| Usman Flyover | 0.8 | 4 | ||||
| Vandalur flyover | Vandalur | 0.75 | 6 | |||
| Keelkattalai flyover | Keelkattalai | 0.7 | ||||
| Music Academy flyover | 0.7 | |||||
| Vyasarpadi flyover | Vyasarpadi | 0.68 | 4 | |||
| Moolakkadai flyover | Moolakkadai | 0.65 | 4 | |||
| Pallikaranai Flyover | Pallikaranai | 0.64 | 6 | |||
| MIT Flyover | Chromepet | 0.6 | 4 | |||
| Mint flyover | 0.6 | 4 | ||||
| Pantheon Road flyover | 0.57 | |||||
| Vadapalani Junction flyover | Vadapalani | 0.55 | 2 | |||
| Gemini Flyover | T Nagar | 0.5 | ||||
| MGR flyover | Porur | 0.5 | 4 | |||
| IIT Madras Flyover | 0.5 | 2 | ||||
| Mahalingapuram flyover | Mahalingapuram | 0.5 | 2 | |||
| G N Chetty Road flyover | 0.5 | 2 | ||||
| Peters Road flyover | 0.5 | 2 | ||||
| Dr. Radhakrishnan Road flyover | 0.4 | 2 | ||||
| Alwarpet Flyover | Alwarpet | |||||
| Doveton Flyover | Vepery | |||||
| Madhuravoyal grade separator | Madhuravoyal | |||||
| Padi grade separator | Padi | |||||
| Koyambedu grade separator | Koyambedu | |||||
| Kathipara grade separator | ||||||
| Tambaram flyover | Tambaram | |||||
| Conran Smith Road flyover | ||||||
| TTK Road flyover | ||||||
| Pallavaram Flyover | Pallavaram | |||||
| Pallavaram Railway Station Flyover | Pallavaram | |||||
| Velachery Taramani Road - Kamakshi Hospital Junction flyover | Velachery | |||||
| Tambaram Sanitorium (Bharatha Matha Street) flyover | Tambaram | |||||
| Kilkattalai - Pallavaram Radial Road Junction flyover | Kilkattalai | |||||
| Velachery Junction flyover | Velachery | |||||
| Anna Arch flyover - Arumbakkam | ||||||
| Anna Arch flyover Aminjikarai |
Between 2005 and 2014, the state government has spent over 15,590 million erecting flyovers and grade separators, of which 11,440 million (88%) was invested in Chennai. The city hosts all 21 elevated urban corridors open to traffic in the state in 2014.[4]
In the late 1990s, a Traffic Action Plan was prepared for the city. It is said the brain behind the traffic action plan was the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), which organised seminars in hotels and conducted traffic studies and public opinion surveys. The investments made by the automobile industry resulted in an increase in the city's per capita ownership of cars, which by 2012 was second in the country, behind New Delhi.[4]
Various global studies indicate that flyovers and elevated roads tend to "induce" new traffic because of the apparent extra road space, and this held true in the case of Chennai, according to experts. The number of vehicles on Chennai's roads had increased dramatically since the late 1990s, resulting in regular traffic snarls.[4]
Critics also say that, despite costing 4 to 5 times a normal road, flyovers do not resolve the problem of traffic congestion. For the 15,500 million spent between 2005 and 2014 by the state government, critics opine that the government could instead have invested in buying about 7,000 public transport buses or laid more than 2,000 km of dedicated cycle lanes or built an extensive bus rapid transit system covering about 150 km.[4]
Thirteen more flyover projects have been announced by the state government: Kattupakkam, Akkarai, Ambattur, Avadi, Madhavaram, Ramapuram, Kundrathur, Kaiveli, Selaiyur, Korattur, Vadapalani-P.T. Rajan Salai junction, Madhya Kailash and Madipakkam.