| Flxible New Look | |
| Manufacturer: | Flxible |
| Production: | 1960 - 1978 |
| Assembly: | Loudonville, Ohio (1959 - 1974) Delaware, Ohio (1974 - 1978) Evergreen, Alabama (1963 - 1966) |
| Predecessor: | Flxible Twin transit bus[1] |
| Successor: | Grumman 870/Flxible Metro |
| Class: | Transit bus |
| Engine: | Detroit Diesel and Cummins, see below |
| Transmission: | Allison VS or VH, 2- or 3-speed |
| Wheelbase: | 1762NaN2, 1762NaN2, 2012NaN2, or 2852NaN2 |
| Length: | 311NaN1, 331NaN1, 351NaN1, or 402NaN2 |
| Width: | 962NaN2 or 1022NaN2 |
| Height: | 1202NaN2[2] |
| Sp: | us |
The Flxible New Look bus is a transit bus introduced in 1959 by the Flxible Company, and produced from 1960 until 1978, when the New Look was replaced by the "870" Advanced Design Bus. Over its 17-year production run 13,121 Flxible New Look buses were manufactured.[3]
The Flxible New Look bus shares many design features with the GM New Look bus that was introduced in 1959, however the Flxible New look bus was somewhat more rugged and solid. Both buses initially featured large 6-piece "fishbowl" windshields, as well as forward-slanting side windows, fluted aluminum siding, and slide/glide front passenger doors. Both buses were also equipped with the same Detroit Diesel 6V-71 (6-cylinder) / 8V-71 (8-cylinder) diesel engine (however, 150 propane-fueled Flxible New Looks were built for the Chicago Transit Authority in the mid-1960s, Detroit Diesel 4-71 (4-cylinder) diesel engines were available for some models in the mid-1960s, and Cummins 165-285 and 903 8-cylinder diesel engines were available until 1973 as an alternative to the Detroit Diesel engines).
Originally, the Flxible New Look was only available in lengths of 35or and widths of 96or, however 31and models later became available. Until 1963, these buses carried both the Flxible and the Twin nameplates, with the Twin name located in a small oval beneath the Flxible shield on the front of the buses (Twin Coach had been a manufacturer of transit buses as early as 1927 and sold its transit bus product line to Flxible in 1953). In 1964 and 1965 Flxible produced a suburban model meant for longer distance highway routes, and these buses were equipped with all forward-facing high-backed seats and overhead luggage racks, but lacked a rear exit door and standee windows. Air conditioning was an available option on all models, and in most cases was identifiable by a bulge above the rear window where the roof-mounted condenser and cooling fan were located (some buses were built with under-floor air conditioning). Air-ride suspension was standard on all models.
At the start of production all New Looks were built at the Flxible factory in Loudonville, Ohio, and a majority of the New Looks continued to be built here during the life of the New Look's production run.
In 1963, Flxible started building a line of shorter buses at the former Southern Coach factory in Evergreen, Alabama. These buses came in lengths of 31feet, 33feet and 35feet, and were all 96inches wide. The buses built in Evergreen were generally identical in appearance to those built in Loudonville, except that the Evergreen buses had only two headlights, while the Loudonville buses had four. The Evergreen buses were available with either the 4-71 (4-cylinder) or 6V-71 (6-cylinder) Detroit Diesel engine. Production in Evergreen stopped in 1966.
In 1965, Flxible licensed their New Look design to Canadair Ltd., an aircraft manufacturer in Ville St-Laurent, Quebec. All were 40feet long and 102inches wide, and carried both the Flxible and Canadair nameplates. The intent of this licensing venture was to enter the Canadian bus market, however production stopped in 1966 after just one order for Montreal (50 buses for Montreal Transportation Commission[4]). In 1970, Flxible was purchased by Rohr Industries,[3] and in 1974 a new factory and corporate headquarters were opened in Delaware, Ohio. Final assembly of all New Looks was moved to Delaware, with the Loudonville factory still being used for the manufacture of sub-assemblies and parts.[3] Also in 1974, a 31feet, 96inches model became available and was built in Loudonville/Delaware. It was only available with the 6V-71 (6-cylinder) Detroit Diesel engine.
During the 1960s, Flxible was the only large-production competitor to General Motors in the American transit bus market, although it was still a distant second with GM building more than twice as many buses. The Flxible New Look bus bears a close resemblance to the GM New Look bus, and in fact Flxible New Looks were commonly equipped with GM engines. This was due largely to the consent decree resulting from the 1956 anti-trust case United States v. General Motors Corp. which mandated that GM's bus components, engines, and transmissions be made available for sale to other manufacturers, free of royalties. However, it should also be noted that prior to the consent decree a small number of earlier model (pre-New Look) Flxible buses were built with GM engines, at the same time that GM vice president Charles F. Kettering was also chairman of the board at Flxible. It has been suggested that prior to the consent decree GM may have made its diesel engines available to Flxible in order to reduce the criticisms of GM's business practices that some felt were monopolistic.[5]
Another area of competition between the two manufacturers, but where Flxible had an advantage, was the market for 351NaN1 long buses equipped with 8-cylinder diesel engines. In 1966 GM began offering its Detroit Diesel 8V-71 8-cylinder diesel engine on its 401NaN1 New Look transit buses; however GM would not equip its 351NaN1 models with anything larger than the 6V-71 6-cylinder diesel engine. In response to the desire by some transit agencies for a shorter bus with a larger engine (mainly for hilly routes, freeway driving, or to provide extra power for air conditioning equipped buses), Flxible offered its 351NaN1 New Look with the Detroit Diesel 8V-71, the Cummins 165-285, and the Cummins 903 8-cylinder diesel engines.
Several different variations of model designations were used for Flxible New Look buses, with changes being made over time and between the various manufacturing locations. The letters and numbers gave a basic description of the type of bus as follows:
| First generation (1959-1970)1 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Width | Fuel | Engine | Length | Engine mount | Configuration | Luggage | Air conditioning | |||
| F2 = 1022NaN2 F = 962NaN2 | nowrap | D = Diesel P = Propane | 47 = Detroit Diesel 4-71 6V = Detroit Diesel 6V71 6VT = Detroit Diesel 6V71: T-drive transmission 6V5 = Detroit Diesel 6V71: built in Evergreen V8C = Cummins 165-285
| nowrap | -31 = 311NaN12 -33 = 331NaN12 -35 = 351NaN12 -40 = 401NaN1 | 1 = Transverse mount | nowrap | -1 = Transit -7 = Suburban2 | -UL = Under-floor luggage storage2
| -AC = Air conditioning
|
| First generation - Canadair (1963-1967) | ||||||||||
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| Second generation (1967-1970) | ||||||||||
| Build location | Type | Length | Width | Engine | Air conditioning | |||||
| nowrap colspan=2 | 1 = Loudonville, Ohio 4 = Evergreen, Alabama3 | 11 = Transit with a transversely mounted engine. | C = 40 ft D = 35 ft G = 33 ft H = 31 ft | C = 102 in D = 96 in | -C1 = Cummins 165-285 -C3 = Cummins 903 -D1 = Detroit Diesel 4-71 -D4 = Detroit Diesel 6V71 -D5 = Detroit Diesel 6V71: V-drive transmission -D6 = Detroit Diesel 8V71 | -1: Air conditioning
| ||||
| Third generation (1970-1978) | ||||||||||
| Nominal seating capacity | Width | Engine | Air conditioning | |||||||
| 35 = 31 ft 45 = 35 ft 53 = 40 ft | 096 = 96 in 102 = 102 in | -6 = Detroit Diesel 6V71 -8 = Detroit Diesel 8V71 | -0 = No air conditioning -1 = Air conditioning | |||||||
Notes:
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