Flushing, Queens Explained

Flushing
Settlement Type:Neighborhood
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:City
Subdivision Name2:New York City
Subdivision Type3:County/Borough
Subdivision Name3:Queens
Subdivision Type4:Community District
Subdivision Name4:Queens 7[1]
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1645
Established Title1:Town
Established Date1:1683–1898
Named For:Vlissingen, Netherlands
Population Total:72,008 (176,000 with the subsections)
Population As Of:2010
Demographics Type1:Race/Ethnicity
Demographics1 Title1:White
Demographics1 Info1:9.5%
Demographics1 Title2:Black
Demographics1 Info2:4.2%
Demographics1 Title3:Hispanic
Demographics1 Info3:14.9%
Demographics1 Title4:Asian
Demographics1 Info4:69.2%
Demographics1 Title5:Other/Multiracial
Demographics1 Info5:2.2%
Demographics Type2:Economics
Demographics2 Title1:Median income
Demographics2 Info1:$39,804
Timezone:EST
Utc Offset:−05:00
Timezone Dst:EDT
Utc Offset Dst:−04:00
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:11354, 11355, 11358
Area Code Type:Area codes
Area Code:718, 347, 929, and 917

Flushing is a neighborhood in the north-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. The neighborhood is the fourth-largest central business district in New York City.[2] [3] Downtown Flushing is a major commercial and retail area, and the intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue at its core is the third-busiest in New York City, behind Times Square and Herald Square.[4]

Flushing was established as a settlement of New Netherland on October 10, 1645, on the eastern bank of Flushing Creek. It was named Vlissingen, after the Dutch city of Vlissingen. The English took control of New Amsterdam in 1664, and when Queens County was established in 1683, the Town of Flushing was one of the original five towns of Queens. In 1898, Flushing was consolidated into the City of Greater New York. Development came in the early 20th century with the construction of bridges and public transportation. An immigrant population, composed mostly of Chinese and Koreans, settled in Flushing in the late 20th century.

Flushing contains numerous residential subsections, and its diversity is reflected by the numerous ethnic groups that reside there. Flushing is served by several stations on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch, as well as the New York City Subway's IRT Flushing Line, which has its terminus at Main Street.

Flushing is located in Queens Community District 7, and its ZIP Codes are 11354, 11355, and 11358.[1] It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 109th Precinct.

History

Precolonial and colonial history

Flushing was originally inhabited by the Lenape Indians prior to colonization and European settlement.[5]

Dutch colony

On October 10, 1645, Flushing was established on the eastern bank of Flushing Creek under charter of the Dutch West India Company and was part of the New Netherland colony that was governed from New Amsterdam (Lower Manhattan). The settlement was named Vlissingen, after the city of Vlissingen, which was the European base of the Dutch West India company. By 1657, the residents called the place "Vlishing". Eventually, the formal traditional English name for the Dutch town, "Flushing", would be settled upon (despite being a Dutch colony, many of the local early settlers were British, who trickled down from nearby Connecticut colony).[6]

Unlike all other towns in the region, the charter of Flushing allowed residents freedom of religion as practiced in Holland "without the disturbance of any magistrate or ecclesiastical minister". However, in 1656, New Amsterdam Director-General Peter Stuyvesant issued an edict prohibiting the harboring of Quakers. On December 27, 1657, the inhabitants of Flushing approved a protest known as The Flushing Remonstrance. This petition contained religious arguments even mentioning freedom for "Jews, Turks, and Egyptians," but ended with a forceful declaration that any infringement of the town charter would not be tolerated. Subsequently, a farmer named John Bowne held Quaker meetings in his home and was arrested for this and deported to Holland. Eventually he persuaded the Dutch West India Company to allow Quakers and others to worship freely.[7] As such, Flushing is claimed to be a birthplace of religious freedom in the New World.[8] Landmarks remaining from the Dutch period in Flushing include the John Bowne House (c. 1661) on Bowne Street and the Old Quaker Meeting House (1694) on Northern Boulevard. The Remonstrance was signed at a house on the site of the former State Armory, now a police facility, on the south side Northern Boulevard between Linden Place and Union Street.

English colony

In 1664, the English took control of New Amsterdam, ending Dutch control of the New Netherland colony, and renamed it the Province of New York. When Queens County was established in 1683, the "Town of Flushing" was one of the original five towns which comprised the county.[9] Many historical references to Flushing are to this town, bounded from Newtown on the west by Flushing Creek (now Flushing River), from Jamaica on the south by the watershed, and from Hempstead on the east by what later became the Nassau County line. The town was dissolved in 1898 when Queens became a borough of New York City, and the term "Flushing" today usually refers to a much smaller area, for example the former Village of Flushing.

Flushing was a seat of power as the Province of New York up to the American Revolution was led by Governor Cadwallader Colden, based at his Spring Hill estate.[10] [11]

Flushing was the site of the first commercial tree nurseries in North America, the most prominent being the Prince, Bloodgood, and Parsons nurseries.[12] A 14acres tract of Parsons's exotic specimens was preserved on the north side of Kissena Park.[13] The nurseries are also commemorated in the names of west–east avenues that intersect Kissena Boulevard; the streets are named after plants and ordered alphabetically from Ash Avenue in the north to Rose Avenue in the south.[14] Flushing also supplied trees to the Greensward Project, now known as Central Park in Manhattan.[15] Well into the 20th century, Flushing contained many horticultural establishments and greenhouses.

During the American Revolution, Flushing, along with most settlements in present-day Queens County, favored the British and quartered British troops, though one battalion of Scottish Highlanders is known to have been stationed at Flushing during the war. Following the Battle of Long Island, Nathan Hale, an officer in the Continental Army, was apprehended near Flushing Bay while on what was probably an intelligence gathering mission and was later hanged.

The 1785 Kingsland Homestead, originally the residence of a wealthy Quaker merchant, now serves as the home of the Queens Historical Society.[16]

19th century

During the 19th century, as New York City continued to grow in population and economic vitality, so did Flushing. Its proximity to Manhattan was critical in its transformation into a fashionable residential area. On April 15, 1837, the Village of Flushing was incorporated within the Town of Flushing.[17] [18] The official seal was merely the words, "Village of Flushing", surrounded by nondescript flowers. No other emblem or flag is known to have been used. The Village of Flushing included the neighbourhoods of Flushing Highlands, Bowne Park, Murray Hill, Ingleside, and Flushing Park.[18]

The Flushing and North Side Railroad opened its Port Washington Branch to Flushing in 1854, providing access to Hunters Point on the East River shore.[19] By the mid-1860s, Queens County had 30,429 residents. The Village of College Point was incorporated in 1867,[20] and the Village of Whitestone was incorporated in 1868. The first free public high school in what is now New York City was established in Flushing in 1875. Flushing, then a small village, established a library in 1858, the oldest in Queens County and only slightly younger than the library of the City of Brooklyn (built in 1852).

In 1898, although opposed to the proposal, the Town of Flushing (along with two other towns and other land of Queens County) was consolidated into the City of New York to form the new Borough of Queens. All towns, villages, and cities within the new borough were dissolved.

Local farmland continued to be subdivided and developed transforming Flushing into a densely populated neighborhood of New York City. A major factor in this was the Halleran real estate agency. From the American Civil War to the end of the 1930s its slogan "Ask Mr. Halleran!" could be seen in ads all over Long Island, and the phrase from its maps "So This Is Flushing" became a catchphrase.[21] [22]

20th-century development

The continued construction of bridges over the Flushing River and the development of other roads increased the volume of vehicular traffic into Flushing. In 1909, the Queensboro Bridge over the East River opened, connecting Queens County to midtown Manhattan.[23] With the opening of Pennsylvania Station the next year, the Port Washington Branch, now part of the Long Island Rail Road, started running to midtown Manhattan.[24] Broadway, a main roadway through Flushing, was widened and renamed Northern Boulevard.[25] The Roosevelt Avenue Bridge over the Flushing River, which carries four lanes of traffic and the New York City Subway's elevated Flushing Line, was the largest trunnion bascule bridge in the world when it was completed in 1927.[26] [27] The next year, the Main Street terminal of the Flushing subway line opened in downtown Flushing, giving the neighborhood direct subway access.[28]

Flushing was a forerunner of Hollywood, when the young American film industry was still based on the U.S. East Coast and Chicago. Decades later, the RKO Keith's movie palace would host vaudeville acts and appearances by the likes of Mickey Rooney, the Marx Brothers and Bob Hope.

Asian communities

In the 1970s, immigrants from Taiwan established a foothold in Flushing, whose demographic constituency had been predominantly non-Hispanic white, interspersed with a small Japanese community. Additionally, a large South Korean population also called Flushing home. The Taiwanese immigrants were the first wave of Chinese-speaking immigrants who spoke Mandarin (Taiwanese also spoken) rather than Cantonese to arrive in New York City. Many Taiwanese immigrants were additionally Hokkien and had relatives or connections to Fujian province in China, which led to large influxes of Fuzhounese Americans.

Over the years, many new non-Cantonese ethnic Chinese immigrants from different regions and provinces of China started to arrive in New York City and settled in Flushing through word of mouth. This wave of immigrants spoke Mandarin and various regional/provincial dialects. The early 1990s and 2000s brought a wave of Fuzhounese Americans and Wenzhounese immigrants, who mostly spoke Mandarin, and who settled in Flushing as well as Elmhurst. Flushing's Chinese population became diverse over the next few decades as people from different provinces started to arrive.[29] [30] [31] [32] Due to loosened emigration restrictions in mainland China, there has been a growing Northern Chinese population in Flushing. The regional food cuisines have led to Flushing being considered the "food mecca" for Chinese regional cuisine outside of Asia.[33] [34]

21st-century transformation

In the 21st century, Flushing has cemented its status as an international "melting pot", predominantly attracting immigrants from Asia, particularly from throughout the various provinces of China, but including newcomers from all over the world. Flushing Chinatown is centered around Main Street and the area to its west, most prominently along Roosevelt Avenue, which have become the primary nexus of Flushing Chinatown. However, Chinatown continues to expand southeastward along Kissena Boulevard and northward beyond Northern Boulevard. The Flushing Chinatown houses over 30,000 individuals born in China alone, the largest Chinatown by this metric outside Asia and one of the largest and fastest-growing Chinatowns in the world.[35] In January 2019, the New York Post named Flushing as New York City's "most dynamic outer-borough neighborhood".[36] Flushing is undergoing rapid gentrification by Chinese transnational entities.[37]

Streetscape

Demographics

Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the population of Flushing was 72,008, an increase of 2,646 (3.8%) from the 69,362 counted in 2000. Covering an area of, the neighborhood had a population density of 84.4PD/acre.[38]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 9.5% (6,831) white, 4.2% (3,016) black, 0.1% (74) aboriginal American, 69.2% (49,830) Asian, 0.1% (59) Pacific Islander, 0.2% (172) from other races, and 1.8% (1,303) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.9% (10,723) of the population.[39]

The entirety of Community Board 7, which comprises Flushing, College Point, and Whitestone, had 263,039 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.3 years.[40] This is longer than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[41] [42] Most inhabitants are middle-aged and elderly: 22% are between the ages of between 25 and 44, 30% between 45 and 64, and 18% over 65. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 17% and 7%, respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 7 was $51,284.[43] In 2018, an estimated 25% of Flushing and Whitestone residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in seventeen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 57% in Flushing and Whitestone, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Flushing and Whitestone are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Cultural enclaves

Diverse Chinese communities

Chinatown, Flushing
Pic:File:Flushing,_After_the_Rain.jpg
Piccap:The intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue
Picsize:250px
S:法拉盛华埠
T:法拉盛華埠
Showflag:stp
P:Fǎlāshèng Huá Bù
W:Fa3la1sheng4 Hua2 Pu4
Gr:Faalashenq Hwabuh
Poj:Niú-iok Hôa-bú
Tp:Fǎlāshèng Húa Bú
J:Faat3laa1sing4 Waa4 Bou6
Ci:pronounced as /fāːtláːsȉŋ wȁːpòu/

Flushing Chinatown, or Mandarin Town[44] is the world's largest and one of the fastest-growing Chinatowns, known as the "Chinese Times Square" or the "Chinese Manhattan".[45] [46] [47] In Mandarin, Flushing is known as "Falasheng" .[48] The Chinatown of Flushing is centered around the intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue, and many of the area's Chinese businesses are located on the blocks around, or west of, Main Street. However, Chinatown continues to expand southeastward along Kissena Boulevard and northward beyond Northern Boulevard.

In the 1970s, a Chinese community established a foothold in the neighborhood of Flushing, whose demographic constituency had been predominantly non-Hispanic white. Taiwanese began the surge of immigration, followed by other groups of Chinese. A 1986 estimate by the Flushing Chinese Business Association approximated 60,000 Chinese in Flushing alone.[49] By 1990, Asians constituted 41% of the population of the core area of Flushing, with Chinese in turn representing 41% of the Asian population. However, ethnic Chinese are constituting an increasingly dominant proportion of the Asian population as well as of the overall population in Flushing and its Chinatown. High rates of both legal[50] [51] and illegal[52] immigration from Mainland China continue to spur the ongoing rise of the ethnic Chinese population in Flushing. According to a Daily News article in 2011, Flushing's Chinatown ranked as New York City's second largest Chinese community with 33,526 Chinese, surpassed only by the Brooklyn Chinatown (布鲁克林華埠), and larger than Manhattan's Chinatown.[53] The growth of the business activity at the core of Downtown Flushing, dominated by the Flushing Chinatown, has continued to flourish despite the Covid-19 pandemic.[54] Flushing now rivals Manhattan's Chinatown as a center of Chinese culture.[55] [56] The Lunar New Year Parade has become a growing annual celebration of Chinese New Year. In addition, several Chinese supermarkets such as Hong Kong Supermarket and New York Supermarket have locations in Flushing.[57] [58] [59] The World Journal, one of the largest Chinese-language newspapers outside China, is headquartered in adjacent Whitestone.[60] Numerous other Chinese- and English-language publications are available in Flushing, including SinoVision, one of North America's largest Chinese language television networks.

The popular styles of Chinese cuisine are ubiquitously accessible in Flushing,[61] including Hakka, Taiwanese, Shanghainese, Hunanese, Sichuanese, Cantonese, Fujianese, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, and Korean Chinese cuisine. Even the relatively obscure Dongbei style of cuisine indigenous to Northeast China is now available in Flushing,[62] as well as Mongolian cuisine and Uyghur cuisine. Varieties of Chinese spoken in Flushing include Mandarin Chinese,[63] Fuzhou dialect, Min Nan (Hokkien), Wu Chinese (Wenzhounese, Shanghainese, Suzhou dialect, Hangzhou dialect), and Cantonese; in addition, the Mongolian language is now emerging. Given its rapidly growing status, the Flushing Chinatown has surpassed in size and population the original New York City Chinatown in the borough of Manhattan and this substantial growth has resulted in a commensurate rise in this Chinatown's cultural status.[64]

In accompaniment with its rapid growth, Flushing in particular has witnessed the proliferation of highly competitive businesses touted as educational centers as well as non-profit organizations declaring the intent to educate the community. Some entities offer education in Mandarin, the most spoken Chinese variety in mainland China.[65] A diverse array of social services geared toward assisting recent as well as established Chinese immigrants is readily available in Flushing.[66] As of the 2020s, about 3/4 of the Asian population in the area are of Chinese descent making them the majority of the Asian population.[67] [68] [69]

Korean community

There is a Koreatown that originated in Flushing, but has since spread eastward to Murray Hill, Bayside, Douglaston, and Little Neck in Queens, and also into Nassau County. The Koreatown has historically been centered around Union Street, with the later growth being concentrated around Northern Boulevard east of Union Street.[70] [71] [72] [73] [74] As of the 2010 United States census, the Korean population of Queens was 64,107.[75]

In the 1980s, a continuous stream of Korean immigrants emerged into Flushing, many of whom began as workers in the medical field or Korean international students who had moved to New York City to find or initiate professional or entrepreneurial positions.[71] They established a foothold on Union Street in Flushing between 35th and 41st Avenues,[71] featuring restaurants and karaoke (noraebang) bars, grocery markets, education centers and bookstores, banking institutions, offices, consumer electronics vendors, apparel boutiques, and other commercial enterprises.[70] As the community grew in wealth and population and rose in socioeconomic status, Koreans expanded their presence eastward along Northern Boulevard, buying homes in more affluent and less dense neighborhoods in Queens and Nassau County. This expansion has led to the creation of an American Meokjagolmok, or Korean Restaurant Street, around the Murray Hill station. The eastward pressure to expand was also created by the inability to move westward due to the Flushing Chinatown on Main Street. Per the 2010 United States census, the Korean population of Queens was 64,107, representing the largest municipality in the United States with a density of at least 500 Korean Americans per square mile.[76] The Korean American population, consisting of 218,764 individuals in the New York metropolitan area,[77] is the second largest population of ethnic Koreans outside Korea.

The Korea Times, a news organization based in Seoul, carries a significant presence in the Long Island Koreatown. The Long Island Koreatown features numerous restaurants that serve both traditional and/or regional Korean cuisine. Korean is spoken frequently alongside English and Chinese varieties, and retail signs employing the Hangul alphabet are ubiquitous. A significant array of social services toward assisting recent and established Korean immigrants is available in Koreatown. There is also a significant population of Korean-Chinese or Chinese-Koreans in Flushing who can speak Mandarin, Korean, and English.[78]

Other ethnic communities

See also: Indians in the New York City metropolitan region. The neighborhood of East Flushing, technically within Greater Flushing, also houses a substantial Chinese community along with most of Downtown Flushing. However, East Flushing also substantially includes Irish, Greek, Russian, Italian, Jewish, Spanish, and Portuguese communities, as well as communities of Indians, Sri Lankans, Japanese, Malaysians, and Hispanics, mostly Colombians and Salvadorans. This neighborhood tends to be more diverse visibly than Downtown Flushing because of the more even distribution of the ethnicities of East Flushing residents resulting in more ethnic businesses catering to each community rather than the dominance of Chinese and to a lesser extent Korean businesses in Downtown Flushing.

The northeastern section of Flushing near Bayside continues to maintain large Italian and Greek presences that are reflected in its many Italian and Greek bakeries, grocery stores and restaurants. The northwest is a mix of Jews, Greeks, and Italians. Most of central Flushing is an ethnic mix of Whites, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans.

An area south of Franklin Avenue houses a concentration of Indian, Pakistani, Afghan, and Bangladeshi markets. This concentration of Indian American and other South Asian American businesses south of Franklin Avenue has existed since the late 1970s, one of the oldest Little India neighborhoods in North America. The Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Devasthanam (Sanskrit: श्री महावल्लभ गणपति देवस्थानम्, Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்) at 45-57 Bowne Street in Flushing was the very first of the traditional Hindu temple organized in North America.[79] [80] However, Indians are migrating eastward into neighborhoods in northeastern Queens and into Nassau County, as with many Chinese and Korean immigrants.

Subsections

Broadway - Flushing

Broadway - Flushing, also known as North Flushing, is a residential area with many large homes. The name refers to the area served by the "Broadway" station of the Long Island Rail Road. The Broadway station is located immediately east of the location where the LIRR's Port Washington Branch crosses Northern Boulevard, which when the station was opened in 1866 was called "Broadway". Part of this area has been designated a State and Federal historic district due to the elegant, park-like character of the neighborhood. Much of the area has been rezoned by the City of New York to preserve the low density, residential quality of the neighborhood. Broadway-Flushing is approximately bounded by 29th Avenue to the north, Northern Boulevard and Crocheron Avenue to the south, 155th Street to the west, and 172nd Streets to the east.

Linden Hill

Linden Hill is bound by 25th Avenue to Willets Point Boulevard to the north, 154th Street to the east, Northern Boulevard to the south and the Whitestone Expressway to the west.[81]

Linden Hill was originally a rural estate owned by the Mitchell family. Ernest Mitchell owned an adjacent area to the west known as Breezy Hill and his father owned the area now called Linden Hill.[82] The two areas are sometimes referred to as the Mitchell-Linden neighborhood. A major change in the rural nature of Linden Hill occurred in the early 1950s. Neisloss Brothers with architect Benjamin Braunstein envisioned a cooperative project to be set on Linden Hill and landfill on the adjacent swamp to the west which would provide middle-income housing to veterans of World War II and the Korean War.[82] The construction was carried out under Section 213 of the Federal Housing Act of 1950 which provided mortgage insurance for non-subsidized projects.[83] Gerace and Castagna with architects Samuel Paul and Seymour Jarmul subsequently developed the larger Linden Towers several years after this. Paul was additionally the architect of Embassy Arms. In total, 41 six-story buildings containing 3,146 apartments comprising the Linden Hill, Mitchell Gardens, Linden Towers, and Embassy Arms cooperatives were erected.

Once a primarily European-American neighborhood, Linden Hill is now a diverse mix of European-Americans, Asian-Americans and Latino-Americans. The Asian-American population has expanded markedly in the southern part of Linden Hill in the past decade (as it has throughout Flushing) and the Latino-American population has also grown noticeably. Conversely, the European-American population has lessened somewhat, though European-Americans still remain in great numbers north of Bayside Avenue, west of 149th Street.

Murray Hill

Murray Hill is bounded by 150th Street to the west and 160th Street to the east and straddles ZIP Codes 11354, 11355, and 11358. Traditionally the home of families of Irish and Italian immigrants, many Korean and Chinese immigrants have moved into Murray Hill in recent years.[84] Murray Hill within Flushing is often confused with the larger Murray Hill neighborhood on the East Side of Manhattan.[85] The Long Island Rail Road's Murray Hill and Broadway stations serve the area.

Before the area was developed for residential housing in 1889, Murray Hill was the location of several large nurseries owned by the King, Murray, and Parsons families.[86] The Kingsland Homestead has been preserved as the home of the Queens Historical Society. The Voelker Orth Museum, Bird Sanctuary and Victorian Garden is also located in Murray Hill.[87] Comic strip artist Richard F. Outcault, the creator of The Yellow Kid and Buster Brown, lived on 147th Street in Murray Hill.[88]

Queensboro Hill

Queensboro Hill in southern Flushing is bordered to the west by College Point Boulevard, to the north by Kissena Park and Kissena Corridor Park, to the south by Reeves Avenue and the Long Island Expressway, and to the east by Kissena Boulevard. Queensboro Hill is a part of ZIP Codes 11355 and 11367 and contains the NewYork–Presbyterian/Queens hospital. One of the leading churches is the Queensboro Hill Community Church, a multi-racial congregation of the Reformed Church in America. Turtle Playground serves the residents of this section of Flushing. This area is often referred to as South Flushing.

Pomonok

Pomonok is a neighborhood in South Flushing. This large public housing development[89] was built in 1949 on the former site of Pomonok Country Club. The name comes from an Algonquian word for eastern Long Island, and means either "land of tribute" or "land where there is travelling by water". In Pomonok, there is also Electchester, a cooperative housing complex at Jewel Avenue and Parsons Boulevard in Pomonok, which was established by Harry Van Arsdale, Jr. and Local 3 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers in 1949, when Van Arsdale worked with the Joint Industry Board of the Electrical Industry to purchase 103acres of the former Pomonok Country Club and build apartment buildings. 5,550 people live in about 2,500 units in 38 buildings, many of which are six-story brick structures. It is served by Public School 200, which is on land donated by Electchester. The union provided the majority of the mortgage. New York state offered tax abatements. Electchester was classified as a "limited dividend nonprofit", subject to state regulations. The first families paid $475 per room for equity shares, and carrying charges of $26 per month per room, on apartments ranging from three-and-a-half to five-and-a-half rooms.[90]

Both housing complexes are patrolled by the N.Y.P.D.'s 107th Precinct. There is also an N.Y.P.D. P.S.A.-9 Housing Police Unit station located in the Pomonok Houses.Pomonok is part of Queens Community District 8.[91]

Waldheim

The Waldheim neighborhood, an estate subdivision in Flushing constructed primarily between 1875 and 1925, is bound by Sanford and Franklin Avenues on the north, 45th Avenue on the south, Bowne Street on the west and Parsons Boulevard on the east. The area is immediately southeast of the downtown Flushing commercial core, and adjacent to Kissena Park. a small district of upscale "in-town" suburban architecture. Waldheim, German for "home in the woods", is known for its large homes of varying architectural styles and is laid out in an unusual street pattern.[92]

Waldheim was the home of some of Flushing's wealthiest residents until the 1960s. Notable residents include the Helmann family of condiment fame, the Steinway piano-making family, as well as A. Douglas Nash, who managed a nearby Tiffany glass plant. Starting in the 1980s, homes in Waldheim were destroyed by the Korean American Presbyterian Church of Queens, one of the area's largest land owners.[93] In 2008, the city rezoned the neighborhood to help preserve the low-density, residential character of the neighborhood. As with the Broadway neighborhood, preservationists have been unable to secure designation as an Historic District by the NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission, and, structures in Waldheim were still being torn down.[94]

Points of interest

Houses of worship

Flushing is a religiously diverse community. Houses of worship in Flushing include the Dutch colonial epoch Quaker Meeting House, the historic Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Queens, St. Andrew Avellino Roman Catholic Church, St. George's Episcopal Church, the Free Synagogue of Flushing, the Congregation of Georgian Jews, St. Mel Roman Catholic Church, St. Michael's Catholic Church, St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Shrine Church, Holy Annunciation Russian Orthodox Church, St. John's Lutheran Church, Queensboro Hill Community Church, Hindu Temple Society of North America, and the Muslim Center of New York.[95]

There are more than 200 houses of worship in Flushing.[96]

In 1657, while Flushing was still a Dutch settlement, a document known as the Flushing Remonstrance was created by Edward Hart, the town clerk, where some thirty ordinary citizens protested a ban imposed by Peter Stuyvesant, the director general of New Amsterdam, forbidding the harboring of Quakers. The Remonstrants cited the Flushing Town charter of 1645, which promised liberty of conscience.[8]

Landmarks, museums, and cultural institutions

Flushing has many registered New York City Landmarks, several of which are also located on the National Register of Historic Places. Several city landmarks are located on the Queens Historical Society's Freedom Mile.[97] Flushing Town Hall on Northern Boulevard is the headquarters of the Flushing Council on Culture and the Arts, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, and houses a concert hall and cultural center.[98] Other landmarks include the Bowne House,[99] Kingsland Homestead,[100] the Weeping Beech,[101] Old Quaker Meeting House,[102] Flushing High School,[103] St. George's Church,[104] the Lewis H. Latimer House,[105] and the lobby of the former RKO Keith's movie theater.[106] The Flushing Armory, on Northern Boulevard, was formerly used by the National Guard.[107]

There are several other landmarks in Flushing, but outside the Freedom Mile. These include the Protestant Reformed Dutch Church of Flushing,[108] the Fitzgerald/Ginsberg Mansion,[109] on Bayside Avenue and the Voelker Orth Museum, Bird Sanctuary and Victorian Garden.[110] In addition, the Broadway-Flushing Historic District, Free Synagogue of Flushing, United States Post Office, and Main Street Subway Station (Dual System IRT) are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Queens Botanical Garden is located on 39acres between College Point Boulevard and Main Street.[111] It has been in operation continuously since its opening as an exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair,[112] and has been at its current location since 1963.[113] The Botanical Garden carries on Flushing's horticultural tradition that dates back to the area's 18th-century tree nurseries and seed farms.[112]

Parks

Public parks and playgrounds in Flushing are supervised by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

Flushing Meadows-Corona Park

Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, an 897acres park, is the largest park in Queens.[114] [115] The site hosted two World's Fairs, in 1939–1940 and 1964–1965, and the park infrastructure reflects the construction undertaken for the Fairs.[116] [117] The northern part of the park contains Citi Field, home of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball; the field, opened in 2009, replaced the former Shea Stadium.[118] To the south is the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which is the home of the US Tennis Open.[119]

Several attractions were originally developed for the World's Fairs in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park. One of the most prominent is the Unisphere, the iconic 12-story-high stainless steel globe that served as the centerpiece for the 1964 New York World's Fair, which was made a city landmark.[120] Additionally, there is a stone marker for the two 5,000-year Westinghouse Time Capsules made of special alloys buried in the park, chronicling 20th-century life in the United States, dedicated both in 1938 and 1965. Also in the park are the Queens Museum of Art which features a scale model of the City of New York, the largest architectural model ever built; Queens Theatre in the Park; the New York Hall of Science; and the Queens Zoo.[121] The New York State Pavilion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Other parks

Malls

Police and crime

Flushing, College Point, and Whitestone are patrolled by the 109th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 37-05 Union Street.[132] The 109th Precinct ranked 9th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[133], with a non-fatal assault rate of 17 per 100,000 people, Flushing and Whitestone's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 145 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 109th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 83.7% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 6 murders, 30 rapes, 202 robberies, 219 felony assaults, 324 burglaries, 970 grand larcenies, and 126 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[134]

Fire safety

Flushing contains the following New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations:

In addition, FDNY EMS Station 52 is located at 135-16 38th Avenue.

Health

, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Flushing and Whitestone than in other places citywide. In Flushing and Whitestone, there were 63 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 8 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Flushing and Whitestone have a higher than average population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 14%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Flushing and Whitestone is 0.0073mg/m3, less than the city average. Thirteen percent of Flushing and Whitestone residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Flushing and Whitestone, 13% of residents are obese, 8% are diabetic, and 22% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 15% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Ninety-five percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 71% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Flushing and Whitestone, there are 6 bodegas.

The nearest major hospitals are NewYork–Presbyterian/Queens and Flushing Hospital Medical Center.[138] NewYork–Presbyterian/Queens serves Flushing as well as surrounding communities with comprehensive medical care services.[139] Numerous tertiary medical clinics also serve the residents of Flushing.

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Flushing is covered by multiple ZIP Codes. Downtown Flushing and western Murray Hill is covered by 11354; south Flushing, including Queensboro Hill and Waldheim, is included in 11355; and eastern Murray Hill and Broadway-Flushing fall within 11358. ZIP Codes 11356 and 11357, which are part of College Point and Whitestone respectively, also cover small parts of northern Flushing and Linden Hill.[140] The United States Post Office operates three post offices nearby:

ZIP Codes prefixed with 113 are administered from a sectional center at the Flushing Post Office. The 113-prefixed area extends west to Elmhurst and Jackson Heights; southwest to Ridgewood; south to Forest Hills; southeast to Fresh Meadows; and east to Bayside and Little Neck.[144]

Education

Flushing and Whitestone generally have a similar rate of college-educated residents to the rest of the city . While 37% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 23% have less than a high school education and 40% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Flushing and Whitestone students excelling in math rose from 55% in 2000 to 78% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 57% to 59% during the same time period.[145]

Flushing and Whitestone's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Flushing and Whitestone, 9% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 86% of high school students in Flushing and Whitestone graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.

Public schools

Flushing's public schools are operated by the New York City Department of Education. Flushing contains the following public elementary schools, which serve grades PK-5 unless otherwise indicated:[146]

Public middle schools include:[146]

The eight public high schools in Flushing are:[146]

Private schools

The private high schools include:

On December 22, 1980,[163] The Japanese School of New York moved from Jamaica Estates, Queens into Fresh Meadows, Queens,[164] near Flushing. In 1991, the school moved to Yonkers in Westchester County, New York, before moving to Greenwich, Connecticut in 1992.[163]

As a result of the high number of Chinese and Korean immigrants with (Confucius) educationally orientated outlooks, there is a large number of cram schools (Buxiban and hagwon) located not only in Flushing, but also following Northern Blvd. west into Nassau County.[165]

Higher education

Queens College, founded in 1937, is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY), and is commonly misconstrued to be within Flushing neighborhood limits due to its Flushing mailing address. It is actually located in the nearby neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills on Kissena Boulevard near the Long Island Expressway. The City University of New York School of Law was founded in 1983 adjacent to the Queens College campus, and was located at 65-21 Main Street in Kew Gardens Hills until 2012.[166] It moved to Long Island City for the Fall 2012 Semester. The Law School operates Main Street Legal Services Corp., a legal services clinic.

Libraries

Flushing contained the first public library in Queens, founded in 1858. Today, Queens Public Library contains five libraries in Flushing.[167]

The largest of the libraries is the Flushing branch, located at the intersection of Kissena Boulevard and Main Street in Flushing's central business district. It is the busiest branch of the Queens Public Library,[168] [169] the highest-circulation system in the United States.[170] This library has an auditorium for public events. The current building, designed by Polshek Partnership Architects, is the third to be built on the site—the first was a Carnegie library, built through a gift of Andrew Carnegie.

The other branches are:

In addition, the Auburndale, Hillcrest, and Pomonok libraries carry Flushing addresses but are not located in Flushing proper.[167]

Transportation

Public transportation

The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Flushing:

The n20G Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE) bus route to Great Neck, which runs along Sanford Avenue and Northern Boulevard, terminates in Flushing. The n20x NICE bus route to Roslyn Clock Tower, which follows the n20G route that goes between Flushing and Great Neck, and the n20H that goes between Great Neck and Hicksville.

There is one New York City Subway station in Flushing, the Flushing–Main Street station at Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue, served by the . It is one of the busiest stations in the New York City Subway system .

The Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch also serves Flushing via the following stations:[175]

Roads

Major highways that serve the area include the Van Wyck Expressway and Whitestone Expressway (Interstate 678), Grand Central Parkway, and Long Island Expressway (Interstate 495). Northern Boulevard (part of New York State Route 25A) extends from the Queensboro Bridge in Long Island City through Flushing into Nassau County. The Roosevelt Avenue Bridge over Flushing Creek was the largest fixed trunnion bascule type in the world when opened in 1927. However, it was decommissioned as a moving bridge when marine navigation was eliminated in the late 1930s.[176]

Political representation

The political stature of Flushing appears to be increasing significantly, with many Chinese from Flushing becoming New York City Council members. Taiwan-born John Liu, former New York City Council member representing District 20, which includes Flushing and other northern Queens neighborhoods, was elected New York City Comptroller in November 2009. In 2018, Liu defeated incumbent Tony Avella to become the first of two Asian Americans in the New York State Senate.

At the same time, Shanghai-born Peter Koo was elected to succeed Liu to assume this council membership seat. Additionally, in 2012 Flushing resident Grace Meng, a State Assembly Member, was elected to Congress as the first Asian-American member of the United States House of Representatives from the eastern United States.

In popular culture

Notable people

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NYC Planning Community Profiles. communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. April 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180408205810/https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/queens/7. April 8, 2018. live.
  2. Web site: A cleaner Flushing is pushed by Kim. Queens Chronicles. November 14, 2013 . November 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20170129125653/http://www.qchron.com/editions/north/a-cleaner-flushing-is-pushed-by-kim/article_0ba50fe1-d475-57af-b0bf-73b5e0922741.html. January 29, 2017. live.
  3. Web site: Downtown Flushing Mobility and Safety Improvement Project. November 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20170225020000/http://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/201201_flushing_report.pdf. February 25, 2017. live.
  4. Web site: All the Neighborhoods, Towns, and Zip Codes in Queens . QueensMetro . Hess, Meagan . September 4, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100314030306/http://www.queensmetro.com/guides/41/all-the-neighborhoods-towns-and-zip-codes-in-queens/living-in-queens . March 14, 2010 .
  5. Web site: Queens' Early History Shaped by Indians. timesledger.com. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180317164819/https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2003/28/20030710-archive98.html. March 17, 2018. dead.
  6. Book: Driscoll . J. . Voelker Orth Museum . B.S.V.G. . Flushing: 1880-1935 . Arcadia Pub. . Postcard history series . 2005 . 978-0-7385-3842-6 . June 12, 2020 . 9.
  7. Web site: A Timeline of Vermeer's Life - 1661-1667 Maturity. January 3, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100414211216/http://www.essentialvermeer.com/timelines/timeline_vermeers_life_4.html. April 14, 2010. live.
  8. News: A Colony With a Conscience . Kenneth T. . Jackson . . December 27, 2007 . September 4, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130702015302/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/27/opinion/27jackson.html . July 2, 2013 . live .
  9. Web site: Before the Five Borough City:Queens . May 9, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090703114614/http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Map/5.Bor.Q.Rich.html . July 3, 2009 . live . This later map shows former boundaries of the Town of Flushing. The map does not show the towns that were part of Queens and are now part of Nassau.
  10. New York Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. VIII, 1924, pgs 12-20
  11. Thompson, Benjamin Franklin. History of Long Island: Containing an Account of the Discovery and Settlement; with Other Important and Interesting Matters to the Present Time. 1838, page 381,
  12. Web site: Kissena Park. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. June 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180507130932/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/kissena-park/highlights/7922. May 7, 2018. live.
  13. Web site: Feller. Michael. Kissena Park: The Wild Side; A Guide to its Natural Areas. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, Natural Resources Group. June 2, 2018. December 1988. 3. https://web.archive.org/web/20180203211700/https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_about/parks_divisions/nrg/documents/NRG_Publication_Kissena_Park_The_Wild_Side_A_Guide_to_its_Natural_Areas.pdf. February 3, 2018. live.
  14. Web site: FLUSHING FROM A-R. Avenues with plant names in Queens . Forgotten New York . December 6, 2009 . February 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301080116/https://forgotten-ny.com/2009/12/flushings-from-a-r-avenues-with-plant-names-in-queens/ . March 1, 2019 . live .
  15. News: Renewing Central Park. The New York Times. October 10, 1886. 4. February 2, 2019.
  16. Web site: Kingsland Homestead . Queens Historical Society . July 5, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070811235727/http://www.queenshistoricalsociety.org/kingsland.html . August 11, 2007 .
  17. Web site: History of Queens County. October 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160727201557/http://bklyn-genealogy-info.stevemorse.org/Queens/history/flushing.html. July 27, 2016. live.
  18. Web site: Will Celebrate Its Birthday: Flushing's Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary: Preparations for the Festivities . The New York Times . June 10, 1894 . February 28, 2019 . 20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074754/https://www.nytimes.com/1894/06/10/archives/will-celebrateits-birthday-flushings-two-hundred-and-fiftieth.html . March 1, 2019 . live .
  19. [Vincent F. Seyfried]
  20. "Web site: New York: Affairs at the State Capital . The New York Times . March 22, 1867 . February 28, 2019 . 1 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301080056/https://www.nytimes.com/1867/03/22/archives/newyork-affairs-at-the-state-capital-newyork-legislature-senate.html . March 1, 2019 . live .
  21. Web site: 'So this is Flushing!' Halleran said. Marzlock. Ron. December 6, 2012. Queens Chronicle. February 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200222143620/https://www.qchron.com/qboro/i_have_often_walked/so-this-is-flushing-halleran-said/article_70126072-e88f-538f-a8aa-8cc353cb5ef3.html. February 22, 2020. live.
  22. Web site: Real Estate Sign Points To Gateway To Past Queens Gazette. Antos. Jason D.. May 5, 2010. www.qgazette.com. February 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200222143619/https://www.qgazette.com/articles/real-estate-sign-points-to-gateway-to-past/. February 22, 2020. live.
  23. News: Queensboro Bridge Opens to Traffic . . March 31, 1909 . February 20, 2010. 0362-4331.
  24. News: September 9, 1910. Day Long Throng Inspects New Tube; 35,000 Persons Were Carried on the First Day of Pennsylvania's Tunnel Service. en-US. The New York Times. August 21, 2020. 0362-4331.
  25. Web site: Marzlock. Ron. Northern Boulevard, Flushing. August 21, 2020. Queens Chronicle. July 17, 2008 . en.
  26. Web site: Construction to reduce lanes on Roosevelt Avenue Bridge in Flushing. Suriel. Alina. January 6, 2016. QNS.com. January 9, 2020.
  27. Web site: Roosevelt Avenue Bridge. Shayna. Marchese. February 8, 2010. Bridges of NYC. January 9, 2020.
  28. Web site: Flushing Rejoices as Subway Opens. The New York Times. September 18, 2015. January 22, 1928. 0362-4331.
  29. Book: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. Columbia University Press. 2001. 158–161. 978-0-231-12414-0. July 29, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20150222105455/http://books.google.com/books?id=MR4iVnvulMQC&pg=PA158. February 22, 2015. live.
  30. Book: Asian Americans: contemporary trends ... – Google Books . 9781412905565 . August 28, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140629200212/http://books.google.com/books?id=5PSYZMs8TzEC&pg=PA134&dq=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&hl=en&ei=-2xaTtqbFY7PgAej1q2zDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Flushing%20Chinatown%20Little%20Taiwan&f=false . June 29, 2014 . live . Min . Pyong Gap . 2006 . Pine Forge Press .
  31. Book: Chinatown: The Socioeconomic ... – Google Books . January 24, 1995 . 9781439904176 . August 28, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140629200208/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZcBxKK0cljcC&pg=PA190&dq=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&hl=en&ei=-2xaTtqbFY7PgAej1q2zDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Flushing%20Chinatown%20Little%20Taiwan&f=false . June 29, 2014 . live . Zhou . Min . Temple University Press .
  32. Book: Still the golden door: the Third ... – Google Books . David M. Reimers . 1992 . Columbia University Press . 9780231076814 . December 15, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130131083831/http://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&pg=PA104&dq=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&hl=en&ei=tHBaTpiYAeWt0AHsrrCTCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Flushing%20Chinatown%20Little%20Taiwan&f=false . January 31, 2013 . live .
  33. Web site: A Look at Tianjin Cuisine, Northern Chinese Fare Found in Flushing. eater.com. March 13, 2018. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180317164944/https://ny.eater.com/2018/3/13/17085910/tianjin-chinese-flushing-nyc. March 17, 2018. live.
  34. Web site: In Flushing, A Beacon for Northeastern Chinese Cuisine Shines Bright. villagevoice.com. November 3, 2017. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180317165107/https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/11/03/in-flushing-a-beacon-for-northeastern-chinese-cuisine-shines-bright/. March 17, 2018. live.
  35. Web site: This is what it's like in one of the biggest and fastest growing Chinatowns in the world. Melia Robinson. Business Insider. May 27, 2015. July 26, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170730033121/http://www.businessinsider.com/i-ate-my-way-through-flushing-queens-and-now-i-get-why-its-the-bigger-and-better-chinatown-2015-5. July 30, 2017. live.
  36. Cuozzo, Steve (January 16, 2019) "The most exciting 'hood in New York is miles from Manhattan" New York Post
  37. News: 'Not what it used to be': in New York, Flushing's Asian residents brace against gentrification. Sarah Ngu. The Guardian US. January 29, 2021. August 13, 2020. The three developers have stressed in public hearings that they are not outsiders to Flushing, which is 69% Asian. 'They've been here, they live here, they work here, they've invested here,' said Ross Moskowitz, an attorney for the developers at a different public hearing in February...Tangram Tower, a luxury mixed-use development built by F&T. Last year, prices for two-bedroom apartments started at $1.15m...The influx of transnational capital and rise of luxury developments in Flushing has displaced longtime immigrant residents and small business owners, as well as disrupted its cultural and culinary landscape. These changes follow the familiar script of gentrification, but with a change of actors: it is Chinese American developers and wealthy Chinese immigrants who are gentrifying this working-class neighborhood, which is majority Chinese..
  38. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p5_nta.pdf Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  39. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p3a_nta.pdf Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  40. Web site: Flushing and Whitestone (Including Auburndale, Bay Terrace, College Point, East Flushing, Flushing, Queensboro Hill and Whitestone). 2018. nyc.gov. NYC Health. March 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190810174418/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/data/2018chp-qn7.pdf. August 10, 2019. live.
  41. Web site: 2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020. 2016. nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. September 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170909004755/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/tcny/community-health-assessment-plan.pdf. September 9, 2017. live.
  42. Web site: New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives . New York Post . June 4, 2017 . March 1, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024959/https://nypost.com/2017/06/04/new-yorkers-are-living-longer-happier-and-healthier-lives/ . March 2, 2019 . live .
  43. Web site: NYC-Queens Community District 7--Flushing, Murray Hill & Whitestone PUMA, NY. Census Reporter. July 17, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20200419173030/https://censusreporter.org/profiles/79500US3604103-nyc-queens-community-district-7-flushing-murray-hill-whitestone-puma-ny/. April 19, 2020. live.
  44. Book: Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Second Edition, Edited by Pyong Gap Min. Pine Forge Press – An Imprint of Sage Publications, Inc.. 2006. November 8, 2010. 978-1-4129-0556-5.
  45. News: Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border. Eileen Sullivan. The New York Times. November 24, 2023. November 24, 2023. Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city's resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan..."New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community," said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood..
  46. News: Downtown Flushing: Where Asian Cultures Thrive. Vera. Haller. The New York Times. October 1, 2014. March 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328181700/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/05/realestate/downtown-flushing-where-asian-cultures-thrive.html?contentCollection=realestate&action=click&module=NextInCollection&region=Footer&pgtype=article. March 28, 2019. live.
  47. News: A World of Food, Outside the U.S. Open Gates. Max Falkowitz. The New York Times. August 25, 2018. March 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328180142/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/25/dining/food-queens-us-open.html?action=click&module=Editors%20Picks&pgtype=Homepage. March 28, 2019. live.
  48. News: Behind Illicit Massage Parlors Lie a Vast Crime Network and Modern Indentured Servitude. Nicholas Kulish, Frances Robles, and Patricia Mazzei. The New York Times. March 2, 2019. March 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043138/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/behind-illicit-massage-parlors-lie-a-vast-crime-network-and-modern-indentured-servitude/ar-BBUhZgJ?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=mailsignout. March 6, 2019. dead.
  49. Web site: Chinese in Chinatown and Flushing. March 29, 2010. Hsiang-shui Chen. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720033810/http://qcpages.qc.edu/Asian_American_Center/research_papers/aacre15.html. July 20, 2011. live.
  50. Web site: Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. September 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm. August 8, 2012. live.
  51. Web site: Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. September 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm. July 12, 2012. live.
  52. News: Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities. John. Marzulli. NY Daily News.com. May 9, 2011. September 18, 2012. New York. https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034445/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516. May 5, 2015. live.
  53. News: The changing Chinatowns: Move over Manhattan, Sunset Park now home to most Chinese in NYC. Daniel. Beekman. NY Daily News. August 5, 2011. September 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20111211114045/http://www.nydailynews.com/changing-chinatowns-move-manhattan-sunset-park-home-chinese-nyc-article-1.948028. December 11, 2011. live.
  54. Web site: Can the Hochul-Adams New New York Actually Happen?. Justin Davidson. Curbed - New York magazine. December 15, 2022. December 18, 2022.
  55. News: In Chinatown, Sound of the Future Is Mandarin. October 21, 2009. April 6, 2010. The New York Times. Kirk. Semple. https://web.archive.org/web/20110714084739/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/22/nyregion/22chinese.html. July 14, 2011. live.
  56. News: Downtown Flushing: Where Asian Cultures Thrive. Vera. Haller. The New York Times. October 1, 2014. October 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006194659/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/05/realestate/downtown-flushing-where-asian-cultures-thrive.html?contentCollection=realestate&action=click&module=NextInCollection&region=Footer&pgtype=article. October 6, 2014. live.
  57. Book: Freudenheim, Ellen . Queens: What to Do, Where to Go (and How Not to Get Lost) in New York's Undiscovered Borough . October 31, 2006 . Macmillan . 9780312358181 . December 15, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140629091452/http://books.google.com/books?id=_4QcI7q4CG0C&pg=PA97&dq=Hong+Kong+Supermarket+Flushing&hl=en&ei=UXrSTs3NMobh0QGx3rUn&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Hong%20Kong%20Supermarket%20Flushing&f=false . June 29, 2014 . live .
  58. Book: Alperson, Myra . Nosh New York: The Food Lover's Guide to New York City's Most Delicious Neighborhoods . Macmillan . September 20, 2003 . 9780312304171 . November 29, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140107171941/http://books.google.com/books?id=YjJSI1L5QCQC&pg=PA79&dq=Hong+Kong+Supermarket+Flushing&hl=en&ei=UXrSTs3NMobh0QGx3rUn&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Hong%20Kong%20Supermarket%20Flushing&f=false . January 7, 2014 . live .
  59. Web site: Greenhouse . Steven . Supermarket to Pay Back Wages and Overtime – NYTimes.com . Cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com . December 9, 2008 . November 29, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111101064539/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/09/supermarket-to-pay-back-wages-and-overtime/ . November 1, 2011 . live .
  60. "Contact Us (Page in Chinese) World Journal. Retrieved on 2014-03-10. "New York Headquarters 141-07 20th Ave. Whitestone, NY 11357"
  61. News: Let the Meals Begin: Finding Beijing in Flushing. Julia Moskin. The New York Times. July 30, 2008. June 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110829063830/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/30/dining/30flushing.html. August 29, 2011. live.
  62. News: Northeast China Branches Out in Flushing. February 9, 2010. May 9, 2011. The New York Times. Julia. Moskin. https://web.archive.org/web/20131113094952/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/dining/10chine.html?scp=1&sq=dongbei%20cuisine&st=cse. November 13, 2013. live.
  63. News: In Chinatown, Sound of the Future Is Mandarin. October 21, 2009. July 16, 2011. The New York Times. Kirk. Semple. https://web.archive.org/web/20110714084739/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/22/nyregion/22chinese.html. July 14, 2011. live.
  64. News: In Chinatown, Sound of the Future Is Mandarin . Kirk . Semple . . October 21, 2009 . October 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110714084739/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/22/nyregion/22chinese.html . July 14, 2011 . live .
  65. News: In Queens, Classes in Mandarin Are Also Lessons in Adaptation. May 28, 2007. April 3, 2010. The New York Times. Ellen. Barry. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006181434/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E3D61730F93BA15756C0A9619C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=2&sq=mandarin%20classes%20flushing&st=cse. October 6, 2014. live.
  66. Web site: Chinese Immigrants Services, Inc. . April 7, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527150443/https://a069-webapps3.nyc.gov/dsial/Agency_Detail.aspx?id=196 . May 27, 2010 .
  67. Web site: Falling Through the Cracks of the Chinese American Dream. BuzzFeed News. December 21, 2021 .
  68. https://www.aafederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2019ch.pdf
  69. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/immigrants/downloads/pdf/Fact-Sheet-NYCs-API-Immigrant-Population.pdf
  70. News: City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves, From Little Guyana to Meokjagolmok. Kirk. Semple. The New York Times. June 8, 2013. June 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20150904050141/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/09/nyregion/new-york-citys-newest-immigrant-enclaves.html?pagewanted=all. September 4, 2015. live.
  71. Book: Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Second Edition, Edited by Pyong Gap Min. Pine Forge Press – An Imprint of Sage Publications, Inc. 2006. January 10, 2013. 9781412905565.
  72. Web site: Flushing: Queens Neighborhood Profile. John. Roleke. About.com. June 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130430161747/http://queens.about.com/od/neighborhoods/p/flushing.htm. April 30, 2013. live.
  73. Web site: Koreatown Manhattan, or Koreatown Flushing?. CBS Interactive Inc. June 2009. June 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017215441/http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/628585. October 17, 2013. live.
  74. News: If You're Thinking of Living In/Murray Hill, Queens; The Name's the Same, the Pace is Slower. Joyce. Cohen. The New York Times. March 23, 2003. June 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130516101720/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/23/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-murray-hill-queens-name-s-same-pace-slower.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm. May 16, 2013. live.
  75. Web site: Queens County, New York QuickLinks. U.S. Census Bureau. June 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160225014329/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081lk.html. February 25, 2016. dead.
  76. Web site: Nassau County, New York QuickLinks. U.S. Census Bureau. June 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007193506/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059lk.html. October 7, 2014. dead.
  77. Web site: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA. https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. dead. February 12, 2020. U.S. Census Bureau. June 13, 2014.
  78. Web site: Chinese-Korean or Korean-Chinese? An edible mystery in Flushing.. January 31, 2010. wordpress.com. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180317165351/https://oneforkonespoon.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/chinese-korean-or-korean-chinese-an-edible-mystery-in-flushing/. March 17, 2018. live.
  79. Famous Hindu chaplain honored at Hindu Sangathan Diwas celebrations in New York, August 27, 2007, http://www.asiantribune.com/node/7144
  80. Vedanta Society in San Francisco (1906) or the Vedanta Center in Boston (1910) are sometimes considered to be the first Hindu temple in the US. However they were not fully consecrated traditional temples.
  81. Book: Copquin, Claudia Gryvatz. The Neighborhoods of Queens. January 1, 2007. Citizens Committee for New York City. 9780300112993. Google Books.
  82. Web site: Queens Public Library. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120212194227/http://www.queenslibrary.org/index.aspx?page_nm=CL-Communityinfo&branch_id=MT. February 12, 2012.
  83. Web site: Mortgage Insurance_Cooperative Projects - Federal Grants Wire. October 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141022063423/http://www.federalgrantswire.com/mortgage-insurancecooperative-projects.html. October 22, 2014. live.
  84. Web site: Murray Hill Queens Commercial District Needs Assessment . City of New York . January 6, 2023 . December 17, 2023 . 1 . ... the local Korean and Chinese populations have grown to make up 47% and 40% of the neighborhood's Asian population respectively..
  85. Web site: Demographics for the McGoldrick Branch . . January 22, 2010 .
  86. Web site: Community and Library Information for the McGoldrick Branch . . January 22, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100613153516/http://queenslibrary.org/index.aspx?page_nm=CL-Communityinfo&branch_id=Mg . June 13, 2010 .
  87. News: Life With a Victorian Family, Preserved for Posterity . Mariam . Fam . . August 10, 2003 . January 22, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141023163955/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/10/nyregion/neighborhood-report-flushing-life-with-victorian-family-preserved-for-posterity.html . October 23, 2014 . live .
  88. Web site: (the other) Murray Hill . . January 22, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090103120642/http://www.forgotten-ny.com/NEIGHBORHOODS/murrayhillqueens/murrayhill.html . January 3, 2009 . live .
  89. http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/developments/queenspomonok.shtml NYCHA
  90. Harry Van Arsdale Jr.: Labor's Champion (M.E. Sharpe, 2002)
  91. http://www.queenscb8.org/ Queens Community Board 8
  92. Web site: FLUSHING, Queens - Forgotten New York. Walsh. Kevin. June 19, 2006. en-US. March 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20181123055124/http://forgotten-ny.com/2006/06/flushing/. November 23, 2018. live.
  93. News: NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: FLUSHING; Fuming Over Parking Lots. Weir. Richard. July 4, 1999. The New York Times. March 10, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20170918133217/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-flushing-fuming-over-parking-lots.html. September 18, 2017. live.
  94. Web site: Historic Flushing site to be destroyed. Brady. Ryan. February 2, 2017. Queens Chronicle. March 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308061014/http://www.qchron.com/editions/north/historic-flushing-site-to-be-destroyed/article_2aa5fc4f-7dae-54e7-91ef-04636f65d447.html. March 8, 2019. live.
  95. News: The Melting Pot on a High Boil in Flushing . John . Strausbaugh . . May 2, 2009 . September 4, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150922222714/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/02/arts/02expl.html . September 22, 2015 . live .
  96. Web site: Historian Scott Hanson Discusses Religious Diversity in America. September 8, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080911124912/http://www.america.gov/st/texttrans-english/2008/August/20080819162731xjsnommis0.5391199.html. September 11, 2008. live.
  97. Web site: Flushing Freedom Mile Walking Tour . Queen Historical Society – Kingsland Homestead . November 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032823/https://queenshistoricalsociety.org/education/flushing-freedom-mile-walking-tour/ . November 8, 2019 . live .
  98. Web site: Flushing Town Hall. July 30, 1968. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032831/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0139.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  99. Web site: Bowne House. February 5, 1966. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20161226200753/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0143.pdf. December 26, 2016. live.
  100. Web site: Kingsland Homestead. October 14, 1965. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032833/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0005.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  101. Web site: Weeping Beech Tree. February 5, 1966. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20161226200753/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0143.pdf. December 26, 2016. live.
  102. Web site: Friends Meeting House. August 18, 1970. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032823/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0141.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  103. Web site: Flushing High School. January 18, 1991. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191103022321/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1798.pdf. November 3, 2019. live.
  104. Web site: Saint George's Church, Old Parish House and Graveyard. February 8, 2000. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032821/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2053.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  105. Web site: Lewis H. Latimer House. March 21, 1995. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032821/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1924.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  106. Web site: RKO Keith's Flushing Theater. February 28, 1984. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190819164934/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1257.pdf. August 19, 2019. live.
  107. Book: Todd, Nancy . New York's Historic Armories: An Illustrated History . . . 2006 . 978-0-7914-6911-8 . 62697093 . 222.
  108. Web site: Protestant Reformed Dutch Church of Flushing. December 13, 2016. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019.
  109. Web site: Fitzgerald/Ginsberg Mansion. September 20, 2005. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032825/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2160.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  110. Web site: Voelker Orth Museum, Bird Sanctuary and Victorian Garden. October 30, 2007. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108032830/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2272.pdf. November 8, 2019. live.
  111. Book: Ward, Candace. New York City Museum Guide. Dover Publications. 2000. 978-0-486-41000-5. 102. February 4, 2019.
  112. Web site: Queens Botanical Garden Master Plan . . May 31, 2018 . 2002 . 102–103 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190203030540/https://queensbotanical.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/masterplan_complete.pdf . February 3, 2019 . live .
  113. News: To Be Dedicated . May 31, 2018 . Long Island Star-Journal . . October 18, 1963 . 8.
  114. Web site: Foderaro . Lisa W. . How Big Is That Park? City Now Has the Answer . The New York Times . May 31, 2013 . May 31, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170905092957/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/01/nyregion/surveying-effort-alters-sizes-of-some-new-york-parks.html?hp . September 5, 2017 . live .
  115. Web site: Flushing Meadows Corona Park : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . January 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191229012231/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park . December 29, 2019 . live .
  116. Web site: Flushing Meadows-Corona Park: Historic Preservation Studio. Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. March 31, 2017. May 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145529/https://issuu.com/barrettreiter/docs/fmcp_hpstudioii2015_printedition_re. April 1, 2017. live.
  117. Conceptual Framework. Part 2. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. November 12, 2017. 21. https://web.archive.org/web/20180203072202/https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/vt_flushing_meadows/presentation/04conceptualframework_2.pdf. February 3, 2018. live.
  118. Web site: On Crisp Night, Mets Open Their Snappy New Ballpark . The New York Times . April 14, 2009 . January 22, 2020.
  119. Web site: Flushing Meadows Corona Park Highlights - Arthur Ashe Stadium : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . January 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191212055222/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/highlights/12014 . December 12, 2019 . live .
  120. Web site: Unisphere. May 16, 1995. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191104175718/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1925.pdf. November 4, 2019. live.
  121. Web site: Flushing Meadows Corona Park Map : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . November 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233055/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/map . July 17, 2019 . live .
  122. Web site: Kissena Park : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . January 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200502202016/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/kissena-park . May 2, 2020 . live .
  123. Web site: Kissena Corridor Park : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . January 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200223020721/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/Q300/ . February 23, 2020 . live .
  124. Web site: Bowne Park : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . June 26, 1939 . January 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200502194447/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/bowne-park . May 2, 2020 . live .
  125. Web site: Flushing Fields Map : NYC Parks . nycgovparks.org . June 26, 1939 . January 22, 2020.
  126. Web site: Deliso . Meredith . What to eat at Flushing's food hall . am New York . January 5, 2017 . March 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232241/https://www.amny.com/eat-and-drink/queens-crossing-flushing-s-new-food-hall-has-plenty-to-offer-1.12871003 . March 17, 2018 . live .
  127. Web site: Rhoades . Liz . One Fulton Square to open this year . Queens Chronicle . January 2, 2014 . March 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207205633/http://www.qchron.com/editions/north/one-fulton-square-to-open-this-year/article_c2b3e41f-9e07-56d5-a76f-833c2cb0a83b.html . February 7, 2019 . live .
  128. Web site: Hutson . Brittany . Flushing Rings Up Retailers . WSJ . July 15, 2010 . March 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180318054914/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704682604575369292241495712 . March 18, 2018 . live .
  129. Web site: Hughes . C. J. . More Condos in Flushing, Queens, at Sky View Parc . The New York Times . February 8, 2015 . March 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180317233859/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/realestate/more-condos-in-flushing-queens-at-sky-view-parc.html . March 17, 2018 . live .
  130. Web site: Warerkar . Tanay . Flushing Commons megaproject readies for its first residents as Phase 1 wraps . Curbed NY . August 22, 2017 . March 17, 2018.
  131. Web site: Schram . Lauren Elkies . Baird-Remba . Rebecca . Stateman . Alison . South Korea-Based Cinema Chain Bringing 4D Multiplex to Flushing . Commercial Observer . October 13, 2017 . March 17, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180317231905/https://commercialobserver.com/2017/10/cj-cgv-tangram-133-15-39th-avenue-ft-group-scg-america/ . March 17, 2018 . live .
  132. Web site: NYPD – 109th Precinct. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. October 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170520193518/http://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/bureaus/patrol/precincts/109th-precinct.page. May 20, 2017. live.
  133. Web site: Flushing and Whitestone – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report. www.dnainfo.com. October 6, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170415064326/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/crime-safety-report/queens/flushing. April 15, 2017. dead.
  134. Web site: 109th Precinct CompStat Report. www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180413193401/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_statistics/cs-en-us-109pct.pdf. April 13, 2018. live.
  135. Web site: Engine Company 273/Ladder Company 129 . FDNYtrucks.com . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181019040617/http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e273.htm . October 19, 2018 . live .
  136. Web site: Engine Company 274/Battalion 52 . FDNYtrucks.com . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191030103434/http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e274.htm . October 30, 2019 . live .
  137. Web site: Engine Company 320/Ladder Company 167 . FDNYtrucks.com . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191030103915/http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e320.htm . October 30, 2019 . live .
  138. Web site: Finkel . Beth . Guide To Queens Hospitals . Queens Tribune . February 27, 2014 . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170204185507/http://queenstribune.com/guide-to-queens-hospitals/ . February 4, 2017 . dead .
  139. Web site: New York Hospital Queens . April 16, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100619225512/http://nyhq.org/ . June 19, 2010 .
  140. Web site: Zip Code 11354, Flushing, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY) . United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA) . March 10, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191025054501/http://www.zipmap.net/zips/11354.htm . October 25, 2019 . live .
  141. Web site: Location Details: Flushing . USPS.com . March 7, 2019.
  142. Web site: Location Details: Linden Hill . USPS.com . March 7, 2019.
  143. Web site: Location Details: Station A . USPS.com . March 7, 2019.
  144. Web site: L002 3-Digit ZIP Code Prefix Matrix . PostalPro . September 1, 2017 . March 12, 2019.
  145. Web site: Flushing / Whitestone – QN 07. 2011. Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy. October 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20130918114040/http://furmancenter.org/files/sotc/QN_07_11.pdf. September 18, 2013. live.
  146. Web site: Zillow . Flushing New York School Ratings and Reviews . Zillow . March 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301124520/https://www.zillow.com/flushing-new-york-ny/schools/ . March 1, 2019 . live .
  147. Web site: P.S. 020 John Bowne . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  148. Web site: P.S. 021 Edward Hart . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  149. Web site: P.S. 022 Thomas Jefferson . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  150. Web site: P.S. 024 Andrew Jackson . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  151. Web site: P.S. 032 State Street . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  152. Web site: P.S. 107 Thomas A Dooley . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  153. Web site: P.S. 120 Queens . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  154. Web site: P.S. 163 Flushing Heights . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  155. Web site: P.S. 214 Cadwallader Colden . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  156. Web site: P.S. 242 Leonard P. Stavisky Early Childhood School . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  157. Web site: The Active Learning Elementary School . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  158. Web site: I.S. 025 Adrien Block . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  159. Web site: J.H.S. 185 Edward Bleeker . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  160. Web site: J.H.S. 189 Daniel Carter Beard . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  161. Web site: I.S. 237 . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  162. Web site: Queens Academy High School . New York City Department of Education . December 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019.
  163. "本校の歩み ." The Japanese School of New York. Retrieved on January 10, 2012. "1975.9.2. Jamaica Queensにて「ニューヨーク日本人学校」開校。" and "1980.12.22 Queens Flushing校に移転。" and "1991.8.18. Westchester Yonkers校へ移転。"
  164. Kulers, Brian G. "QUEENS NEIGHBORHOODS QUEENS CLOSEUP East Meets West in School For Japanese in America ." Newsday. November 12, 1986. News, Start Page 31. Retrieved on January 9, 2012.
  165. News: Asian Test-Prep Centers Offer Parents Exactly What They Want: 'Results'. Alice. Yin. The New York Times. October 25, 2017. April 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180405170832/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/25/magazine/asian-test-prep-centers-offer-parents-exactly-what-they-want-results.html. April 5, 2018. live.
  166. http://www.cuny.edu/about/resources/locationshoots/view-by-college/cuny-law-school.html CUNY School of Law - Location Shoot
  167. Web site: Hours & Locations . Queens Public Library . September 19, 2018 . March 10, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190311031112/http://www.queenslibrary.org/ql_findabranch . March 11, 2019 . dead .
  168. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: Flushing . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191016213309/https://www.queenslibrary.org/about-us/locations/flushing . October 16, 2019 . live .
  169. Web site: New York And 22 Big-City Libraries Awarded $15 Million By Carnegie Corp.. Carnegie Corporation of New York. Today, the largest branch library in New York City is the Flushing Library, situated on the site of one of the branch libraries built with Mr. Carnegie's money.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031151/http://www.carnegie.org/sub/news/libibitia.html. September 28, 2007.
  170. News: Library is a portal for immigrants – Los Angeles Times . Latimes.com . June 22, 2008 . July 28, 2011.
  171. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: East Flushing . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191016213132/https://www.queenslibrary.org/about-us/locations/east-flushing . October 16, 2019 . live .
  172. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: McGoldrick . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214223/https://www.queenslibrary.org/about-us/locations/mcgoldrick . October 16, 2019 . live .
  173. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: Mitchell-Linden . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214326/https://www.queenslibrary.org/about-us/locations/mitchell-linden . October 16, 2019 . live .
  174. Web site: Branch Detailed Info: Queensboro Hill . Queens Public Library . March 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214911/https://www.queenslibrary.org/about-us/locations/queensboro-hill . October 16, 2019 . live .
  175. Web site: MTA LIRR - LIRR Map. May 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529224056/http://web.mta.info/lirr/Timetable/lirrmap.htm. May 29, 2014. live.
  176. Book: Reier . Sharon . The Bridges of New York . 1977 . Dover Publications . 0-486-41230-X.
  177. News: Behind The Music . Stephen . McGuire . . 2000 . February 3, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061121165018/http://queenstribune.com/archives/anniversaryarchive/anniversary2000/music.htm . November 21, 2006 .
  178. News: The Queens That Gatsby Knew. Lask. Thomas. October 3, 1971. The New York Times. April 25, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20190425033419/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/03/archives/the-queens-that-gatsby-knew-west-egg-to-the-city-the-route-gatsby.html. April 25, 2019. live.
  179. http://www.ifc.com/2011/10/judd-apatow-career-timeline "Judd Apatow 30-year career timeline: from stand-up comedy to his Knocked Up spin-off"
  180. Perry, David. "Mediterranean bombshell Annet Artani has you in her sights", Next Magazine (New York City), December 23, 2013. Accessed June 21, 2016. "Finding her talent for belting out the tunes on the school stage, Artani, Flushing-born but a full-blooded Hellene, shot to stardom on Greek reality TV after a three-minute rendition of 'Endless Love'."
  181. https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/Q100A/history Daniel Carter Beard Mall
  182. Toy, Vivian S. "Love Me, Love My Apartment", The New York Times, February 10, 2008. Accessed June 21, 2016. "But then she started dating Michael Bellusci, a musician who has been on tour with the musical Beatlemania as Ringo. He was an owner of the house in Flushing, Queens, that he grew up in, and had converted the attic into a music studio."
  183. http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/LitMap/bios/Bland__James.html Bland, James Allen
  184. Colly, Joe. "Action Bronson's Guide to New York City Dining", GQ, September 23, 2011. Accessed June 21, 2016. "Given his gastronomical acumen, we asked Bronson, a Flushing native, to take us on a food tour of his home city."
  185. McManus, Margaret. "Not-So-Cool Godfrey Cambridge", Toledo Blade, May 1, 1966. Accessed June 21, 2016. "Godfrey macarthur Cambridge, born to British Guiana parents, who emigrated first to Sydney, Nova Scotia, and then came to New York, grew up in Flushing, Long Island."
  186. Web site: Local Female Leaders & Activists : NYC Parks . New York City Department of Parks & Recreation . October 17, 1984 . May 3, 2023.
  187. https://www.nba.com/wizards/wizards-radio-network Wizards Radio Network
  188. News: Poetic Theaters, Romantic Fevers . Holland . Cotter . . July 13, 2007 . October 8, 2007 . But they meant the world to this intensely shy artist, who lived on sweets, worshiped forgotten divas and made portable shrines to them — his version of spiritual art — in the basement of the small house he shared with his mother and disabled brother in Flushing, Queens. . https://web.archive.org/web/20121105053729/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/13/arts/design/13corn.html . November 5, 2012 . live .
  189. Scileppi, Tammy. "Beating the odds, Queens-style", TimesLedger, June 22, 2012. Accessed January 8, 2017. "In a phone interview with the actress best known for her small-screen role as comical character Fran Fine from the 1990s CBS series The Nanny, the former Queens girl talked about growing up in Flushing and how some chapters of her life inspired two successful sitcoms."
  190. Chen, David W."Champion of Gay Rights to Leave New York State Senate", The New York Times, June 3, 2012. Accessed January 8, 2017. "Mr. Duane, a native New Yorker who grew up in Flushing, Queens, first joined the family business as a Wall Street stockbroker."
  191. Boucher, Geoff. "Jon Favreau explains why he traded Iron Man 3 for Disneyland trip", Los Angeles Times, December 14, 2010. Accessed January 8, 2017. "'Between the theme parks and the movies, the Disney iconography was probably the first set of archetypes that I was exposed to,' Favreau said of his youth in Flushing, N.Y."
  192. Ogunnaike, Lola. "Film Brute Who Cries Still Lives In Queens; Mailbox Overflows After Recent Roles", The New York Times, June 19, 2003. Accessed January 8, 2017. "Franky G. was lounging at a park in Flushing, Queens, where he has lived since he was 17."
  193. Book: Gertner, Nancy. In Defense of Women: Memoirs of an Unrepentant Advocate. 2011. Beacon Press. 978-0-8070-1143-0. 13.
  194. Staff. "CHARLES D. GIBSON DEAD AT AGE OF 77; Famed Illustrator, Creator of 'Gibson Girl,' Succumbs to Heart Ailment in Home LAUNCHED VOGUE OF '90'S Noted for His Lighter Works, He Also Gained Recognition for His Paintings in Oils", The New York Times, December 24, 1944. Accessed January 8, 2017. "While he was still a child, his parents moved to Flushing, L. I., where he grew up."
  195. Potempa, Philip. "Jimmy Durante among personalities to be inducted in National Radio Hall of Fame", The Times of Northwest Indiana, August 10, 2007. Accessed January 8, 2017. "Dan Ingram was a rock radio pioneer and is considered by some as the best Top 40 DJ of all time. Born and raised in Flushing, Queens, he mixed humor with an edgy, irreverent style and spent more than 40 years behind the microphone beginning at WNHC/New Haven, CT."
  196. News: The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel. March 28, 1980. 54. Foxes. Newspapers.com.
  197. https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/northjersey/obituary.aspx?n=reggie-lucas&pid=189159775&fhid=17042 Reggie Lucas Obituary
  198. [Allan Kozinn|Kozinn, Allan]
  199. Linn, Sarah. "Celebrity chef Rick Moonen on sustainable food", The Tribune (San Luis Obispo), September 13, 2012. Accessed January 8, 2017. "Raised in Flushing, N.Y., Moonen developed a fascination with food as a 12-year-old paper boy."
  200. Staff. "Lewis Mumford, a Visionary Social Critic, Dies at 94", The New York Times, January 28, 1990. Accessed January 8, 2017. "The illegitimate son of a businessman, and raised by his mother, who was housekeeper in the home of a relative, Lewis Mumford was born in Flushing, Queens, on Oct. 19, 1895."
  201. Cooper, Michael. "New Yorker to Be Music Director of Phoenix Symphony", The New York Times, February 21, 2014. Accessed January 8, 2017. "The Phoenix Symphony's new music director is a native New Yorker who goes west by way of France: Tito Muñoz, who has led French orchestras in Lorraine and Nancy.... Mr. Muñoz, 30, is from Flushing, Queens."
  202. Barca, Christopher. " Former First Lady Nancy Reagan, a Flushing native, dies at 94The influential women called Queens home until she was two", Queens Chronicle, March 6, 2016. Accessed January 8, 2017. "Long before she called the White House home from 1981 to 1989, former First Lady Nancy Reagan, who died of heart failure on Sunday at the age of 94, was a Flushing resident during her earliest years. The wife of President Ronald Reagan was born in Manhattan on July 6, 1921, but spent the first two years of her life living in a two-story home at 417 Amity St. in Flushing."
  203. https://www.jlla.org/?nd=gala_driordan Richard Riordan Biography
  204. News: Experience the glory of Queens . John . Vinocur . . May 2, 2009 . September 4, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814205226/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/02/world/americas/02iht-atease.2.12523594.html . August 14, 2018 . live .
  205. https://www.juilliard.edu/news/131971/academy-award-winning-composer-and-conductor-john-williams-bequeath-concert-and-film "Academy Award-Winning Composer and Conductor John Williams to Bequeath Concert and Film Scores to Juilliard"

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Flushing, Queens".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.