Flower-class corvette explained

The Flower-class corvette[1] [2] [3] (also referred to as the Gladiolus class after the lead ship)[4] was a British class of 294 corvettes used during World War II by the Allied navies particularly as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the Battle of the Atlantic. Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Most served during World War II with the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). Several ships built largely in Canada were transferred from the RN to the United States Navy (USN) under the lend-lease programme, seeing service in both navies. Some corvettes transferred to the USN were crewed by the US Coast Guard.[5] The vessels serving with the US Navy were known as Temptress- and Action-class patrol gunboats. Other Flower-class corvettes served with the Free French Naval Forces, the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Royal Indian Navy, the Royal Hellenic Navy, the Royal New Zealand Navy, the Royal Yugoslav Navy, and, immediately after the war, the South African Navy.

After World War II, many surplus Flower-class vessels saw worldwide use in other navies, as well as civilian use. is the only member of the class preserved as a museum ship.

Class designation

The term "corvette" was originally a French name for a small sailing warship, intermediate between the frigate and the sloop-of-war. In the 1830s the term was adopted by the RN for sailing warships of roughly similar size, primarily operating in the shipping protection role. With the arrival of steam power, paddle- and later screw-driven corvettes were built for the same purpose, growing in power, size, and armament over the decades. In 1877 the RN abolished the "corvette" as a traditional category; corvettes and frigates were then combined into a new category, "cruiser".

The months leading up to World War II saw the RN return to the concept of a small escort warship being used in the shipping protection role. The Flower class was based on the design of Southern Pride, a whale-catcher, and were labelled "corvettes", thus restoring the title for the RN, although the Flower-class has no connection with pre-1877 cruising vessels.

There are two distinct groups of vessels in this class: the original Flower-class, 225 vessels ordered during the 1939 and 1940 building programmes; and the modified Flower-class, which followed with a further 69 vessels ordered from 1940 onward. The modified Flowers were slightly larger and better armed.

Flower-class vessels, of original and modified design, in USN service were called Temptress- and Action-class gunboats; they carried the hull classification symbol PG ("patrol gunboat").

Design

In early 1939, with the risk of war with Nazi Germany increasing, it was clear to the Royal Navy that it needed more escort ships to counter the threat from Kriegsmarine U-boats. One particular concern was the need to protect shipping off the east coast of Britain. What was needed was something larger and faster than trawlers, but still cheap enough to be built in large numbers, preferably at small merchant shipyards, as larger yards were already busy. To meet this requirement, the Smiths Dock Company of South Bank -on-Tees, a specialist in the design and build of fishing vessels, offered a development of its 700-ton, 16knot whaler (whale catcher) Southern Pride.[6] [7] They were intended as small convoy escort ships that could be produced quickly and cheaply in large numbers. Despite naval planners' intentions that they be deployed for coastal convoys, their long range meant that they became the mainstay of Mid-Ocean Escort Force convoy protection during the first half of the war.

The Flower class became an essential resource for North Atlantic convoy protection until larger vessels such as destroyer escorts and frigates could be produced in sufficient quantities. The simple design of the Flower class using parts and techniques (scantlings) common to merchant shipping meant they could be constructed in small commercial shipyards all over the United Kingdom and Canada, where larger (or more sophisticated) warships[8] could not be built. Additionally, the use of commercial triple expansion machinery instead of steam turbines meant the largely Royal Naval Reserve and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve crews that were manning the corvettes would be familiar with their operation.

Flower-class vessels were slow for a warship, with maximum speed of 16kn. They were also very lightly armed as they were intended solely for anti-submarine warfare; many of the RCN's original Flower-class ships were initially fitted with minesweeping equipment, while virtually all of the modified Flowers were fitted with a limited anti-aircraft capability. The original Flowers had the standard RN layout, consisting of a raised forecastle, a well deck, then the bridge or wheelhouse and a continuous deck running aft. The crew quarters were in the forecastle while the galley was at the rear, making for poor messing arrangements.[9] The modified Flowers saw the forecastle extended aft past the bridge to the aft end of the funnel, a variation known as the "long forecastle" design. Apart from providing a very useful space where the whole crew could gather out of the weather, the added weight improved the ships' stability and speed and was applied to a number of the original Flower-class vessels during the mid and latter years of the war. The original Flowers had a mast located immediately forward the bridge, a notable exception to naval practice at that time. The modified Flowers saw the mast returned to the normal position immediately aft of the bridge; this does not seem to have been done in all of the modified builds or conversions of the original vessels. A cruiser stern finished the appearance for all vessels in the class.

Orders

The RN ordered 145 Flower-class corvettes in 1939, the first 26 on 25 July with a further batch of 30 on 31 August, all under the 1939 Pre-War Programme. Following the outbreak of World War II, the British Admiralty ordered another 20 on 19 September (all from Harland & Wolff) under the 1939 War Programme. This was followed by an order for a further ten Flower-class corvettes from other British shipbuilders two days later. Another 18 were ordered on 12 December and two on 15 December, again from British shipbuilders. The RN ordered the last ten vessels (under the 1939 War Programme) from Canadian shipbuilders in January 1940.

By the end of January 1940, 116 ships were building or on order to this initial design. The ten vessels ordered from Canadian shipbuilders were transferred to the RCN upon completion. Another four vessels were ordered at Smiths Dock Company for the French Navy, the first ship being completed for the Free French Naval Forces in mid-1940 and the other three being taken over by the RN. Another 31 Flowers were ordered by the RN under the 1940 War Programme but six of these (ordered from Harland & Wolff) were cancelled on 23 January 1941.

The RN ordered 27 modified Flower-class corvettes under the 1941 and 1942 War Programmes. British shipbuilders were contracted to build seven of these vessels under the 1941 Programme and five vessels under the 1942 Programme; two vessels (one from each year's Programme) were later cancelled. The RN ordered fifteen modified Flowers from Canadian shipyards under the 1941 programme; eight of these were transferred to the USN under reverse Lend-Lease.

The RCN ordered seventy original and 34 modified Flower-class vessels from Canadian shipbuilders. The Canadian shipbuilders also built seven original Flowers ordered by the USN, which were transferred to the RN under the Lend-Lease Programme upon completion, because wartime shipbuilding production in the United States had reached the level where the USN could dispense with vessels it had ordered in Canada. The RCN vessels had several design variations from their RN counterparts: the "bandstand", where the aft pom-pom gun was mounted, was moved to the rear of the superstructure; the galley was also moved forward, immediately abaft the engine room.

Shortly after the outbreak of war the French Navy ordered 18 Flower-class vessels, 12 from UK yards, two from Ateliers et Chantiers de France at Dunkirk and four from Ateliers et Chantiers de Penhoët at Saint-Nazaire.[10] [11] The two At. & Ch. de France ships are listed as "cancelled" but the four Penhoët ships were under construction at the time of the Fall of France and were seized by Nazi Germany.[12] Three were completed for Kriegsmarine service and commissioned in 1943–44 as the Patrouillenboot Ausland patrol ships.[11] [13]

Armament

The original Flower class were fitted with a 4-inch (102 mm) gun on the bow, depth charge racks carrying 40 charges on the stern, a minesweeping winch and a 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom gun on a "bandstand" over the engine room. Due to shortages, a pair of Lewis guns or quadruple Vickers HMG was sometimes substituted for the pom-pom, which would have left the ship very vulnerable to aircraft attack in its envisaged role of coastal convoy escort and patrol in the North Sea. The long-range endurance of the vessels, coupled with early war-time shortages of larger escort warships, saw Flowers assigned to trans-Atlantic convoy escort where Luftwaffe aircraft were rarely encountered. Vessels assigned to the Mediterranean Sea usually had more anti-aircraft guns fitted. Underwater detection capability was provided by a fixed ASDIC dome; this was later modified to be retractable. Subsequent inventions such as the High Frequency Radio Direction Finder (Huff-Duff) were later added, along with various radar systems (such as the Type 271), which proved particularly effective in low-visibility conditions in the North Atlantic.

The Flower class had been designed for inshore patrol and harbour anti-submarine defence and many required minor modifications when the Allied navies began to use them as trans-Atlantic convoy escorts. These small warships could be supported by any small dockyard or naval station, so many ships came to have a variety of weapons systems and design modifications depending upon when and where they were refitted; there is really no such thing as a 'standard Flower-class corvette'

Several of the major changes that vessels in the class underwent are indicated below, in a typical chronological order:

A ship could have any mix of these, or other specialist one-off modifications. Ships allocated to other navies such as the RCN or USN usually had different armament and deck layouts. A major difference between the RN vessels and the RCN, USN, and other navies' vessels was the provision of upgraded ASDIC and radar. The RN was a world leader in developing these technologies and RN Flowers were somewhat better-equipped for remote detection of enemy submarines. A good example of this is the difficulty that RCN Flowers had in intercepting U-boats with their Canadian-designed SW1C metric radar, while the RN vessels were equipped with the technologically advanced Type 271 centimetric sets. In addition, RCN vessels were incapable of operating gyrocompasses, making ASDIC attacks more difficult.

Operations

Flower-class corvettes were used extensively by the RN and RCN in the Battle of the Atlantic. They also saw limited service elsewhere with the RN, as well as the USN and several Allied navies such as the Royal Netherlands Navy, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Royal Hellenic Navy, the Free French Naval Forces, the Royal Indian Navy, and the Royal New Zealand Navy. The Belgian Navy used some of these vessels during World War II, and have continued to use Flower names for their minehunters. Most Royal Navy Flower-class ships drew their officers and crew from the Royal Naval Reserve and the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR). Many RN Flowers had captains drawn from the Merchant Navy.

Service on Flowers in the North Atlantic was typically cold, wet, monotonous and uncomfortable. Every dip of the forecastle into an oncoming wave was followed by a cascade of water into the well deck amidships.[14] Men at action stations were drenched with spray and water entered living spaces through hatches opened for access to ammunition magazines.[14] Interior decks were constantly wet and condensation dripped from the overheads.[14] The head (or sanitary toilet) was drained by a straight pipe to the ocean; and a reverse flow of the icy North Atlantic would cleanse the backside of those using it during rough weather.[14] By 1941 corvettes carried twice as many crewmen as anticipated in the original design.[14] Men slept on lockers or tabletops or in any dark place that offered a little warmth.[14] The inability to store perishable food meant a reliance on preserved food such as corned-beef and powdered potato for all meals.[15]

The Flowers were nicknamed "the pekingese of the ocean". They had a reputation of having poor sea-handling characteristics, most often rolling in heavy seas, with 80-degree rolls, 40 degrees each side of upright, being fairly common; it was said they "would roll on wet grass".[16] Many crewmen suffered severe motion sickness for a few weeks until they acclimatised to shipboard life.[14] Although poor in their sea-handling characteristics, the Flowers were extremely seaworthy; no Allied sailor was ever lost overboard from a Flower during World War II, outside combat.

A typical action by a Flower encountering a surfaced U-boat during convoy escort duties was to run directly at the submarine, forcing it to dive and thus limiting its speed and manoeuvrability. The corvette would then keep the submarine down and preoccupied with avoiding depth charge attacks long enough to allow the convoy to pass safely. The top speed of the Flower-class ships made effective pursuit of a surfaced U-boat [about {{cvt|17|kn}}] impossible, though it was adequate to manoeuvre around submerged U-boats or convoys, both of which ran at a typical maximum of and sometimes much less in poor weather. The low speed also made it difficult for Flowers to catch up with the convoy after action.[9]

This technique was hampered when the Kriegsmarine began deploying its U-boats in "wolf-pack" attacks, which were intended to overwhelm the escort warships of a convoy and allow at least one of the submarines to attack the merchant vessels. Better sensors and armament for the Flowers, such as radar, HF/DF, depth charge projectors and ASDIC, meant these small warships were well equipped to detect and defend against such attacks but the tactical advantage often lay with the attackers, who could mount attacks intended to draw the defending Flower off-station. Success for the Flowers should be measured in terms of tonnage protected, rather than U-boats sunk. Typical reports of convoy actions by these craft include numerous instances of U-boat detection near a convoy, followed by brief engagements using guns or depth charges and a rapid return to station as another U-boat took advantage of the skirmish to attack the unguarded convoy.

Continuous actions against a numerically superior U-boat pack demanded considerable seamanship skills from all concerned and were very wearing on the crews. Thirty-six ships in the class were lost during World War II, many due to enemy action, some to collision with Allied warships and merchant ships. One, sunk in shallow water, was raised and repaired. Of the vessels lost to enemy action, 22 were torpedoed by U-boats, five were mined and four were sunk by aircraft. The Flower-class corvettes are credited with participating in the sinking of 47 German and four Italian submarines. Construction of the Flower-class was superseded toward the end of the war as larger shipyards concentrated on s and smaller yards on the improved design. The Flower class represented fully half of all Allied convoy escort vessels in the North Atlantic during World War II.

Ships

See main article: List of Flower-class corvettes. The following tables list all Flower-class corvettes which served in the Allied navies during World War II.

Flower-class (original)

Free French Navy

See main article: French Flower class corvette.

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the Free French Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon25 March 194031 March 194123 July 194130 April 1947Formerly . Transferred on 23 July 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN on 30 April 1947. Sold and rebuilt as buoy boat (towing vessel) Terje 11 for United Whalers. 1951 converted to a whale catcher. 1960 sold and renamed Southern Terrier. 1963 sold to Norway and 1967 scrapped in Belgium.
George Brown & Co., Greenock24 June 19403 March 194117 June 19419 February 1942Formerly . Transferred on 17 June 1941 to the Free French Navy. Torpedoed and sunk on 9 February 1942 by while escorting convoy ON-60 about 420nmi east of Cape Race at 46-00N, 44-00W. 36 crew were killed.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol26 May 194117 January 194223 May 194231 May 1947Formerly . Transferred on 23 May 1942 to the Free French Navy upon completion. Returned to RN on 31 May 1947 and sold. Rebuilt as buoy boat Southern Lotus for Christian Salvesen. 1953 converted to a whale catcher. 1966 in tow from Melsomvik to Bruges for scrapping stranded near Hvide Sande on the Jutland coast.
Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen19 September 19409 June 194116 September 19411947Formerly . Transferred on 16 September 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in 1947.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast17 December 194011 April 194115 January 1942May 1947Formerly . Transferred on 26 January 1942 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in May 1947 Sold and rebuilt as buoy boat Terje 10 for United Whalers. 1959 sold to Portugal and renamed NRP Carvalho Araújo (A524) and used as survey vessel. 1975 to Angola.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees18 November 19398 April 194022 June 194022 June 1940First and only Flower-class corvette commissioned into the French Navy before the Fall of France. Mined during sea trials off Hartlepool on day of her commissioning.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen27 June 194015 February 194116 July 1941April 1947Formerly . Transferred on 16 July 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in April 1947. Sold and rebuilt as whale catcher Thorgeir for A/S Thor Dahl. Continuous upgrading after the catching seasons until 1955. 1955 steam machinery replaced by a Sulzer diesel engine. 1970 scrapped in Norway.[17]
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol22 April 194018 January 194111 May 19419 June 1942Formerly . Transferred on 11 May 1941 to the Free French Navy. Torpedoed and sunk on 9 June 1942 by while escorting convoy ONS 100 at 52-12N, 32-37W. 58 French and 6 British crew were killed; the French crew being largely from Saint Pierre and Miquelon. 4 survivors rescued by .
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew19 July 194025 June 194128 July 19411947Formerly . Transferred on 28 July 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in 1947 and sold. Converted to buoy boat Southern Lily. 1952 rebuilt as whale catcher and used in the Antarctic until 1963. 1967 scrapped in Belgium.
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen4 November 194028 May 194119 September 19411947Formerly . Transferred on 19 September 1941 to the Free French Navy. Returned to RN in 1947.

Royal Canadian Navy

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid OffFate
Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver (city), British Columbia29 April 194015 August 194023 January 194114 June 1945Sold on 16 November 1945.
Canadian Yarrow, Esquimalt, British Columbia29 April 194022 August 19404 February 194121 August 1944Torpedoed and sunk on 21 August 1944 by while escorting a convoy in the English Channel south of St. Catherine's Point at 50-18N, 00-51W. 59 crew killed and 31 rescued by RN Motor Torpedo Boats.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario18 June 194017 December 194011 July 19416 July 1945Transferred in 1945 to Venezuela as Constitucion.
Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Saint John, New Brunswick23 May 19404 December 19405 August 194116 July 1945Wrecked in 1945 while under tow.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy, Quebec11 April 19408 August 194022 November 194027 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN 22 November 1940. Returned to RN 27 June 1945.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City28 February 194021 September 194022 May 194114 June 1945Sold in 1950 to Spain as mercantile La Ceie.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec14 August 194020 November 194018 May 19414 July 1945Sold in 1947 as mercantile Efthai.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario4 April 194023 November 194012 May 194126 June 1945Sold in 1947 as mercantile Gasestado.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario30 September 194015 April 194131 July 194118 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Libertad.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy17 April 194012 September 194023 January 194122 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN 23 January 1941. Returned to RN 22 June 1945.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec10 October 194029 April 194122 July 194122 June 1945Sold on 5 October 1945.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario24 February 19416 September 194115 May 194217 August 1945Converted 1950 to whale catcher Olympic Arrow.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec14 August 194020 November 19405 June 194115 June 1945Sold on 23 October 1945. Scrapped in 1949 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy22 March 194123 August 194116 December 194119 June 1945Sold 30 August 1946. Scrapped 1951 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Marine Industries17 February 194016 November 194030 June 194122 July 1945Scrapped in Canada.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 194029 July 194018 December 194020 June 1945Sold in 1946. 1954 as Dutch whale catcher Sonia Vinkle (AM20) in service. Scrapped in October 1966 at Santander, Spain.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario7 June 194110 September 194113 December 194111 September 1942Torpedoed and sunk on 11 September 1942 by U-517 off Cap-Chat.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal5 July 194016 October 194012 May 194116 June 1945Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver (city)3 July 194014 September 19408 April 194114 July 1945Sold on 5 October 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario1 April 194017 August 194025 November 194017 June 1945In the Netherlands 1953 as whale catcher Johanna W. Vinke (AM5²) in service. Scrapped 15 December 1961 in South Africa.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario2 March 194027 July 19409 November 194023 July 1945Scrapped in 1950 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal6 July 194024 October 194017 May 194120 June 1945Sold in 1949 to Honduras as mercantile Cortes.
Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria, British Columbia7 September 19408 February 19416 October 194119 June 1945Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario4 December 19405 July 194113 September 194111 July 1945Scrapped in 1949 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria, British Columbia19 March 194125 July 19411 April 194217 July 1945Sold on 23 October 1945.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy30 August 194011 December 19409 September 19413 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Independencia. Scrapped in 1953.
Canadian Yarrow, Esquimalt, British Columbia23 August 194022 February 194121 October 194116 June 1945Sold in 1948 to Liberia as mercantile Amapala.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 194022 July 194026 November 194017 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN 26 November 1940. Returned to RN 17 June 1945. Became 1950 Dutch whale catcher Albert W. Vinke (AM2²).
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy29 March 194020 August 194015 May 194112 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Returned to RN 12 June 1945. 1948 sold to Norway and converted to buoy tender Milliam Khil by Howaldtswerke, Kiel, 1951 conversion to whale catcher in Kiel,1966 scrapped
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy22 March 19412 September 19418 December 194114 July 1945Sold in 1946 as mercantile Tra Los Montes. Resold in 1950 as whaler Olympic Fighter and in 1956 as Otori Maru No. 6 and then Kyo Maru No. 20. (Note : the register may actually have mistook it with HMCS Saskatoon.)
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario27 May 194028 December 194015 May 194121 June 1945Sold on 5 October 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario26 April 19414 October 194126 November 194112 July 1945Sold in 1945 as mercantile Halifax.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec24 February 19406 July 194015 May 194127 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Returned to RN 27 June 1945.
Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria, British Columbia29 April 19407 August 194017 March 194127 June 1945Sold on 19 October 1945.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario20 November 19405 May 19414 October 194122 July 1945Sold in 1945 to Venezuela as Carabobo. Lost in December 1945.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario20 April 19405 September 194029 June 19419 July 1945Scrapped in January 1950 in Canada.
G T Davie, Lauzon, Quebec28 February 194118 November 194128 June 194211 July 1945Formerly . Scrapped in September 1949 in Canada.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy22 March 194125 October 194128 April 194228 June 1945Formerly . Sold on 17 October 1945.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal5 August 194021 November 194025 June 194123 July 19451955 in service as Dutch whale catcher Nicolaas W. Vinke (AM22). Scrapped in September 1966 at Santander, Spain.
G T Davie, Lauzon, Quebec11 March 19404 September 194016 May 194119 September 1941Torpedoed and sunk 19 September 1941 by while escorting convoy SC 44 east of Cape Farewell at 60-07N, 38-37W. 18 crew killed and 91 rescued.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City4 October 194027 May 19412 October 19416 February 1943Bombed and torpedoed on 6 February 1943 by Luftwaffe aircraft while escorting convoy KMF-8 off Cape Tenes in Mediterranean Sea at 36-15N, 00-15E. 59 crew killed, 50 rescued.
G T Davie, Lauzon, Quebec28 September 194010 July 19414 December 194123 July 1945Scrapped in June 1946 in Canada.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City2 February 194014 September 19409 May 194116 June 1945Scrapped in December 1950 in Canada.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 19403 July 194015 May 194131 May 1945Formerly HMS Mayflower. Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Returned to RN 31 May 1945.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario24 February 194125 June 194117 November 194115 July 1945Sold on 19 November 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Fort William, Ontario.
Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Saint John, New Brunswick17 December 194011 August 194124 April 194212 December 1945Sold in 1955 to the Netherlands as whale catcher Willem Vinke (AM21). Scrapped in 1966 at Santander, Spain.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario12 August 19409 April 194119 June 19418 July 1945Scrapped in September 1949 in Canada.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario25 October 19405 May 19416 September 194129 June 1945Scrapped in November 1946 in Canada.
Canadian Yarrow, Esquimalt, British Columbia27 April 194028 October 194026 April 194128 September 1945Sold in 1952 to the Netherlands, became whale catcher René W. Vinke (AM 7²).
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario20 March 194031 August 194012 May 194112 July 1945Scrapped in June 1946 in Canada.
Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria, British Columbia4 February 194114 May 194131 January 194221 June 1945Sold in 1950 as mercantile Elisa. Resold in 1952 as mercantile Portoviejo and in 1954 as mercantile Azura. Scrapped in 1966 at Tampa, Florida.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario21 December 194021 June 194118 November 194120 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Patria.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario4 March 194015 September 194025 November 19402 July 1945Scrapped in January 1951 in Canada.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec12 July 19405 October 194029 April 194112 July 19451950 converted to whale catcher Olympic Chaser. Resold in 1956 as Otori Maru No. 7. Converted in 1963 to a barge.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario28 April 194118 September 194126 May 194211 July 1945Sold on 23 October 1945. Scrapped in 1948 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario31 August 19407 January 194126 June 194120 July 1945
Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd., Victoria9 May 194012 November 194023 May 19413 July 1945Sold on 5 October 1945. Scrapped in 1946 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy22 March 194114 October 194122 January 19428 August 1944Torpedoed and sunk on 8 August 1944 by off Trevose Head at 50-42N, 05-03W. 30 crew were killed.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec12 July 19403 October 194026 April 194124 July 1945Scrapped in December 1950 in Canada.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario18 June 194030 November 194017 June 194119 July 1945Scrapped in June 1946 in Canada.
Saint John Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Saint John, New Brunswick28 May 194015 May 194130 December 19418 April 1946Transferred in 1953 to Department of Fisheries as research ship Sackville. Acquired in 1982 by the Canadian Naval Corvette Trust and restored to 1944 configuration. Now a museum ship at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax, operated by the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust. Sackville is the last remaining Flower-class corvette.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal9 August 19407 November 19409 June 194125 June 1945Sold in 1948 as whaling ship Tra los Montes. Resold in 1950 as mercantile Olympic Fighter, in 1956 as Otori Maru No. 6, and in 1961 as Kyo Maru No. 20 (Note : the register may actually have mistook it with HMCS Fredericton.)
G T Davie, Lauzon, Quebec4 June 194016 May 194119 September 194125 November 1944Torpedoed and sunk with all hands 25 November 1944 by in the Cabot Strait at 47-34N, 59-11W.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec5 October 194029 April 19418 July 194128 August 1945Sold in 1952 to the Netherlands, conversion to whale catcher Jooske W. Vinke (AM19). Scrapped in 1966 at Santander, Spain.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy5 August 194025 October 19405 June 194128 June 1945Scrapped in May 1947 in Canada.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec24 February 19408 August 194026 November 19408 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN on 26 November 1940. Returned to RN on 8 June 1945.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy24 August 194016 November 194019 August 194122 June 1945Sold on 16 November 1945.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec24 February 194010 August 194015 May 194111 February 1942Formerly . Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Torpedoed and sunk on 11 February 1942 by while escorting convoy SC 67 west of Malin Head at 56-10N, 21-07W. 8 crew survived.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario25 January 194131 May 194115 October 194128 August 1945Sold in 1949 as mercantile as deep sea salvage tug Sudbury. Scrapped 1967. Refer to the book High Seas, High Risk: The Story of the Sudburys by Pat Norris for details of her career as a salvage tug.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City4 October 19407 May 194111 September 19416 July 1945Scrapped in June 1946 in Canada.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario7 January 194116 August 194121 October 194124 July 1945Sold on 16 September 1945. Scrapped 1946 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Canadian Yarrow, Esquimalt, British Columbia14 December 194026 June 194110 February 194215 July 1945Sold in 1948 as mercantile Guayaquil. Lost on 3 August 1960.
Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver (city)20 July 194016 October 194030 April 194117 July 1945Scrapped in August 1950 in Canada.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 194026 June 194031 October 194027 June 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN 31 October 1940. Returned to RN 27 June 1945. Converted 1950 to whale catcher Olympic Runner, 1956 resold as Otori Maru No. 10, then Kyo Maru No. 16
Canadian Yarrow, Esquimalt, British Columbia16 June 194126 August 194120 March 194226 June 1945Formerly .
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City7 June 194112 November 194124 May 19426 July 1945Sold in 1946 as mercantile Dispina. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Dorothea Paxos, in 1948 as Tanya, and in 1949 as Medex.
Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver11 April 194018 July 194017 December 194019 June 1945Formerly . Sold in 1946 to Venezuela as Victoria.
Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co., Port Arthur, Ontario21 December 194026 July 194126 November 194122 February 1943Mined on 22 February 1943 off Cape Espartel at 36-46N, 06-02W. 7 crew were killed.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec25 February 19404 July 194015 May 19417 December 1941Formerly . Transferred to RCN 15 May 1941. Sunk 7 December 1941 while escorting convoy SC 58 after collision with freighter Zypenberg in dense fog on the Grand Banks at 46-19N, 49-30W. 23 crew were lost.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario23 May 194110 December 19411 May 194227 January 1945Converted 1951 to whale catcher Olympic Winner. Resold in 1956 as Otori Maru 20 and in 1957 as Akitsu Maru. Scrapped in 1975 at Etajima.

Royal Navy

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast19 August 194028 November 19403 February 1941Torpedoed and badly damaged on 9 January 1944 by a U-boat. Sold in 1947. Resold 1948 to Norway, converted in Kiel to buoy tender Kraft, 1951 converted to whale catcher. Resold in 1954 and renamed Arne Skontorp. Scrapped in 1966 in Norway.
Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon21 December 193926 May 1941Transferred on 1 October 1941 before completion to Norway as . 1956 sold and converted to whale catcher Colyn Frye. 1970 scrapped.
Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon25 March 194031 March 1941FFLTransferred on 23 July 1941 to the Free French Navy as . Returned to RN on 30 April 1947. Sold in July 1947 and rebuilt as whale catcher Terje 11, 1960 Southern Terrier, 1964 laid up and 1966 scrapped
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast19 August 194017 December 194013 February 1941[18] Sold in 1947. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Laconia, in 1950 as mercantile Constantinos S, and in 1952 as mercantile Parnon. Sunk 16 July 1954.
George Brown & Co., Greenock24 June 19403 March 1941Transferred on 17 June 1941 to the Free French Navy as .
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley4 May 194017 October 194012 February 1941Sold in 1946 as mercantile ship. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast17 September 194015 January 19411 March 1941Sold in 1946. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Silverlord and in 1954 as mercantile Sir Edgar. Sunk 18 January 1960. Salvaged and scrapped in Mauritius.
Blyth Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. Ltd., Blyth, Northumberland[19] 26 October 193922 April 194012 August 1940Sold in November 1949. Resold on 3 October 1950 to Norway as buoy tender Pelkan, 1951 rebuilt as whale catcher, sold December 1963, renamed Østfold, Scrapped 1 November 1964.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 193914 February 19405 April 194030 April 1942Transferred on 30 April 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN 26 August 1945 and renamed . Sold in 1947 as mercantile Katina.
Blyth Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. Ltd., Blyth, Northumberland30 November 19395 June 194012 October 19405 February 1942Torpedoed and sunk on 5 February 1942 by [20] west of Erris Head at 55-05N, 18-43W. Shared sinking of U-70 on 7 March 41. Probable shared sinking of U-47 same day.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast17 September 194016 January 194128 March 1941Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Deppie, in 1950 as mercantile Canastel, in 1952 as mercantile Rio Blanco and in 1955 as mercantile Lillian.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy11 April 19408 August 1940Transferred on 22 November 1940 before completion to RCN as . Returned RN 27 June 1945. Sold in May 1947. Resold in 1948 as whale catcher Southern Larkspur. 1953 laid up. Scrapped in November 1959 at Odense.
George Brown & Co., Greenock20 October 193925 May 194011 September 194010 March 1944Torpedoed and sunk 10 March 1944 by [21] while escorting convoys SL 150 and MKS 41 at 45-24N, 18-09W. 92 crew were killed, 5 survivors rescued by .
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast15 October 194012 February 19419 April 1941Scrapped on 29 May 1946 at Bo'ness.
George Brown & Co., Greenock27 October 19395 September 194023 December 1940Sold on 29 July 1946. Resold in October 1948 as buoy tender Arnfinn Bergan. Converted in 1951 to whale catcher. 1966 scrapped.
George Brown & Co., Greenock25 November 193914 November 19405 March 19416 May 1942Mined on 6 May 1942 in Courrier Bay, Madagascar at 12-12S, 49-19E. Foundered the following day while under tow.
Cook, Welton & Gemmell, Beverley15 November 19398 July 194027 January 1941Sold on 5 April 1946 as mercantile Norte. Sunk on 19 January 1955.
George Brown & Co., Greenock16 April 194130 May 194228 November 1942Formerly . Scrapped on 20 April 1947 at Newport.
Cook, Welton & Gemmell, Beverley13 March 194018 September 19403 March 194110 March 1942Transferred on 10 March 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 22 August 1945. Sold on 22 July 1946 as mercantile Begonlock. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Fundiciones Molinao, in 1951as mercantile Astiluzu and in 1956 as mercantile Rio Mero.
George Brown & Co., Greenock17 September 194011 August 194120 November 1941Sold to Ireland and handed over on 3 February 1947 to the Irish Naval Service as the LÉ Cliona, pennant number 03. Commissioned on the same date. Taken out of service July 1969, she was decommissioned on 2 November 1970 and shortly afterwards was scrapped at Passage West, Cork Harbour.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast15 October 194015 February 194112 May 1941Sold in May 1946 as mercantile ship. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Syros, in 1951 as mercantile Delphini and in 1955 as mercantile Ekaterini.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy17 April 194012 September 1940Transferred on 23 January 1941 before completion to RCN as on 23 January 1941. Returned to RN on 22 June 1945. Scrapped in November 1950.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley25 October 193924 April 194019 July 194017 February 1945Torpedoed and sunk on 17 February 1945 by [22] off the Kola Inlet at 69-36N, 35-29E.
George Brown & Co., Greenock27 November 194022 November 194129 April 1942Sold to Ireland and handed over on the 15 November 1946 to the Irish Naval Service and commissioned the same day as Macha. Pennant Number 01. Originally built as a Flotilla Commander with extra accommodation and a 3/4 deck. Taken out of service in December 1968 and decommissioned on 2 November 1970, sold for scrap on 22 November 1970. Scrapped at Passage West, Cork Harbour.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast16 November 194015 March 19414 June 1942Bombed and sunk by the Luftwaffe on 15 April 1941 during sea trials. Raised and repaired. Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1947, in service as weathership .
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland13 June 194014 December 194027 March 1941Sold in June 1946. Scrapped in August 1946 at Hayle.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast17 December 194010 April 194124 April 194220 December 1944Served from 23 April 1942 to 20 December 1944 in the Royal Navy Section Belge, crewed with Belgian volunteers. Transferred on 20 December 1944 to Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Buttercup. Bought in 1946 by Norway and renamed HNoMS Nordkyn. 1956 sold and converted to diesel-driven whale catcher Thoris. 1969 scrapped.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 193921 March 19406 May 194012 March 1942Transferred on 12 March 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 23 August 1945. Sold on 22 July 1946. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Villa Cisneros and in 1949 as mercantile Villa Bens.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast14 November 19394 May 194018 June 1940Shared sinking of U-70 7 March 1941. Probable shared sinking of U-47 same day. Sold on 9 August 1946. Resold in 1948 as whale catcher Hetty W. Vinkle (AM9).
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley26 October 193923 May 19406 September 1940Scrapped on 21 August 1947 at Dunston. Nicholas Monsarrat served aboard as officer.
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland16 September 194020 June 19417 July 1941Sold on 20 April 1947 and scrapped at Newport.
Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth31 October 19398 July 194016 October 19404 March 1942Transferred on 4 March 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 26 August 1945. Sold on 9 July 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Maw Hwa.
Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth26 February 19403 September 194022 February 1941Transferred on 26 March 1943 to the Royal Netherlands Navy as . Returned to RN on 4 October 1944. Sold on 31 March 1948 as mercantile ship. Resold in 1949, became whale catcher Southern Laurel. Scrapped in 1966 at Stavanger.
Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth30 April 194028 December 194030 April 1941Shared sinking of U-556 27 June 41. Sold in October 1948 and scrapped at Portaferry.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast17 December 194011 April 1941Transferred on 26 January 1942 to the Free French Navy as . Returned to RN in May 1947. Sold on 7 August 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Terje 10. Resold on 23 May 1959 to Portugal as hydrographic survey vessel NRP Carvalho Araújo (A524) until 3 September 1975 when she was transferred to the Angolan Navy.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 19397 March 194022 April 1940Sold on 30 July 1947 for scrap.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol11 October 193922 April 194027 July 1940Scrapped in September 1949 at Charlestown.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley29 July 194030 January 194113 May 1941Sold on 17 May 1947 as mercantile Cloverlock. Resold to People's Republic of China as mercantile Kai Feng.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen4 September 194015 May 19411 November 1941Sold in 1947 as mercantile Alexandra.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol2 November 193913 August 19409 November 1940Sold on 9 August 1946. Resold and renamed Leif Welding in 1949, used as buoy tender, then whale catcher. Scrapped in 1966 at Grimstad.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol17 January 194022 September 194026 February 1941Sold on 21 August 1947 and scrapped on 5 October 1947 at Newport.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow19 September 193923 May 194017 August 194010 November 1943Transferred on 10 November 1943 to the Royal Hellenic Navy as Kriezis. Returned to RN on 1 June 1952. Portrayed the fictional HMS Compass Rose (K49) in the 1953 film The Cruel Sea. Scrapped on 22 July 1952 at Sunderland.
Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen19 September 19409 June 1941Transferred on 16 September 1941 to the Free French Navy as . Returned to RN in 1947. Scrapped in 1948 at Troon.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast16 January 194128 May 19419 August 1941Sold in July 1948. Scrapped in April 1949 at Troon.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow26 October 193926 June 194020 October 1940Badly damaged U-333 by ramming her twice 6 October 1942. Sold on 22 July 1946 as mercantile Annlock. Scrapped in 1952 at Hong Kong.
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen30 November 193920 June 194030 September 1940Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948, became whale catcher Southern Briar. Wrecked 1966 at Thorsminde while under tow for demolition in Belgium.
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen28 February 194031 October 194021 March 1941Scrapped on 28 October 1948 at Gelliswick Bay.
Henry Robb Ltd., Leith31 October 19396 June 194015 November 1940Scrapped in February 1949 at Pembroke Dock.
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen8 December 19393 September 19406 January 1941Formerly . Scrapped on 24 June 1947 at Portaferry.
Henry Robb Ltd., Leith31 October 19399 July 194017 March 1941Sank U-379 single-handed by both ramming and depth-charging enemy 8 August 42. Sold in May 1947 as mercantile ship. Resold in June 1949 to Norway as buoy tender Thorslep. Rebuilt in 1950 to whale catcher. Scrapped in June 1969 at Grimstad.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast16 January 194111 June 1941Transferred on 29 August 1941 to Royal Norwegian Navy as . Sold to Norway on 10 August 1946 as fishery protection service Soroy.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast22 February 194018 June 19409 August 19409 February 1943Mined and sunk on 9 February 1943 while escorting a convoy in the Mediterranean Sea off Derna, Libya at 32-48N, 21-10E. Entire crew rescued by HMSAS Southern Maid.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 194022 July 1940Transferred on 26 November 1940 before completion to RCN as . Returned to RN on 17 June 1945. Sold on 17 May 1947. Resold in 1950 to the Netherlands as mercantile Albert W. Vinke. Scrapped in 1965 at Cape Town.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy29 March 194020 August 1940Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to RCN as . Shared sinking of U-744 6 March 44. Returned to RN on 12 June 1945. Sold 1948 to Norway as Milliam Kihl. Converted October 1948 as buoy tender, then 1951 in West Germany to whale catcher. Laid up 1960–61. Last whaling season 1964–65. Scrapped in 1966 at Grimstad.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees30 January 194021 June 194026 August 194014 October 1941Launched as La Dieppoise for the French Navy. Completed for RN after the Fall of France. Torpedoed and sunk by [23] west of Gibraltar at 36-00N, 06-30W. There were 3 survivors.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast18 June 19403 October 194019 November 1940Sold on 22 July 1946 as mercantile Freelock. Sunk on 1 April 1947.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast15 February 194122 July 19411 November 1941Sold on 19 March 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Andria and in 1949 as mercantile V.D. Chidambaram. Scrapped in 1955 in India.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew20 September 193910 April 194024 May 19409 November 1942Rammed and sunk off Oran at 35-49N, 01-05W in collision with .
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast15 February 194124 July 19418 December 1941Sold in 1947 as weather ship Weather Recorder. Scrapped in 1961.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast20 April 19406 August 194020 September 1940Scrapped on 21 August 1947 at Purfleet.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew21 September 193910 April 194024 June 1940Shared sinking of U-306 31 October 43. Transferred on 8 September 1945 to Royal Danish Navy as .
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees19 October 193924 January 1940[24] 6 April 194017 October 1941Torpedoed and sunk on 17 October 1941 by [25] while escorting convoy SC 48 south of Iceland at 57-00N, 25-00W. All hands were lost. Shared sinkings of U-26 1 July 40 and U-556 27 June 41.
GloriosaHarland & Wolff Ltd., BelfastCancelled on 23 January 1941. Pennant number K201
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast21 March 19402 July 194022 August 1940Scrapped on 15 July 1947 at Purfleet.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees4 January 19408 May 194015 July 19406 September 1940Rammed and sunk 3miles off Altacarry Head at 55-18N, 05-57W in collision with mercantile Marsa.
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland15 January 194124 September 194123 February 1942Formerly . Served from 12 February 1942 to 16 Dezember 1944 in the Royal Navy Section Belge, crewed with Belgian volunteers. Sold on 22 May 1947 and scrapped at Grays.
HarebellHarland & Wolff Ltd., BelfastCancelled on 23 January 1941. Pennant K202
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast14 November 193920 April 19404 June 19403 April 1942Transferred on 3 April 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 23 August 1945. Sold on 22 July 1946. Resold in 1951 as mercantile Roskva, in 1956 as mercantile Douglas, and in 1958 as mercantile Seabird. Lost in December 1958.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast22 May 194017 September 19401 November 1940Sold on 22 May 1947 and scrapped at Grays.
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland23 October 19395 June 194012 September 194024 March 1942Transferred on 24 March 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 26 August 1945. Sold as mercantile ship. Finally served in People's Liberation Army Navy as Lin I.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., BelfastCancelled on 23 January 1941.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec24 February 19406 July 1940Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to RCN as . Returned to RN on 27 June 1945. Scrapped on 1 January 1948 at Llanelly.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast14 November 19396 April 194021 May 19402 May 1942Transferred on 2 May 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 26 August 1945. Sold as mercantile Madonna. Scrapped in 1955 at Hong Kong.
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland27 November 193919 August 194019 November 19409 April 1942Bombed and sunk on 9 April 1942 by Japanese aircraft east of Ceylon at 07-21N, 81-57E.
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow26 October 193922 April 194014 September 1940Sold in 1950 and scrapped in November 1950 at Grays.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast20 April 194019 August 19403 October 194024 October 1943Shared sinking of U-617 by gunfire after enemy ran aground 12 September 43. Transferred on 24 October 1943 to Royal Hellenic Navy as Apostolis. Returned to RN in 1952.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen24 December 194023 September 194123 February 1942Formerly . Shared sinking of U-436 26 May 43. Sold on 1 January 1948 and scrapped in October 1948 at Portaferry.
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow22 November 19394 September 19403 January 1941Shared sinking of U-401 3 August 41. Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Hydralock. Wrecked on 25 February 1957 off Taiwan.
IvyHarland & Wolff Ltd., BelfastCancelled on 23 January 1941. Pennant number K204.
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow23 December 193914 January 194116 May 1941Sold on 11 September 1948 for scrap.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley27 December 19399 July 194021 October 1940Sold in May 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Lemnos. Resold in 1951 as Olympic Rider. Whale catcher sank in Antarctic waters on 1 December 1955 after collision with Olympic Cruiser.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast19 July 194031 October 194030 December 1940Sold on 31 July 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Rubis and in 1954 as mercantile Seislim. Scrapped in 1959 at Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees13 November 193921 March 194029 July 1940Launched and commissioned as La Malouine for the French Navy. Seized by and completed for RN after the Fall of France (name not changed). Scrapped on 22 May 1947 at Gelliswick Bay.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley26 March 19405 September 19404 January 194117 March 1942Transferred on 17 March 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 22 August 1945. Sold on 22 July 1946 as mercantile Larkslock. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen30 April 194027 November 194016 May 1941Sold on 9 August 1946. Resold 1948 to the Netherlands and converted to whale catcher Eugene Vinke (AM10)
Harland & Wolff Ltd., BelfastCancelled on 23 January 1941.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen27 June 194015 February 1941Transferred on 16 July 1941 to the Free French Navy as (name not changed). Sank U-609 single-handed 7 February 43. Returned to RN in April 1947. Sold on 3 May 1947 to Norway as mercantile ship. Resold in July 1948 as buoy tender Thorgeir. Rebuilt as whale catcher, since 1955 diesel-engined. Scrapped in 1969 at Grimstad.
Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen9 December 194025 August 194125 November 1941Sold on 4 October 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Kallsevni.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol26 May 194117 January 194223 May 1942Transferred on 23 May 1942 to the Free French Navy as . Returned to RN on 31 May 1947. Sold 23 October 1947. BU May 1951.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast14 November 193922 May 19402 July 194011 January 1944Shared sinking of U-204 19 October 41. Transferred on 11 January 1944 to the Yugoslav Navy as Nada. Renamed in 1948 as Partizanka. Returned to RN in 1948. Transferred in 1948 to the Egyptian Navy as El Sudan.
Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen30 December 19398 July 194020 November 1940Sold in 1947 as a weather ship becoming Ocean Weather Ship (OWS) Weather Observer.[26] [27] Scrapped on 8 September 1961 at Ghent.
Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen26 January 19404 September 194028 February 19419 December 1942Torpedoed and sunk on 9 December 1942 by the Aviazione Ausiliara per la Marina while escorting convoy KMS.3Y off Algiers at 36-50N, 03-00E. 40 crew were killed.
MarjoramHarland & Wolff Ltd., BelfastCancelled on 23 January 1941. Pennant number K206
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 19403 July 1940Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to RCN as . Returned to RN on 31 May 1945. Scrapped on 20 September 1949 at Inverkeithing.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol12 August 194128 March 19428 July 1942Sold on 31 March 1951 to the Netherlands for conversion as whale catcher Gerrit W. Vinkle (AM 1²).
Hall, Russell & Co., Aberdeen15 July 194028 January 19417 May 1941Shared sinkings of U-135 15 July 43 and U-1199 21 April 45. Sold in 1946. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Alexandrouplis. Sunk on 30 November 1948.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol22 April 194018 January 1941Transferred on 11 May 1941 to the Free French Navy as (name not changed).
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley1 October 194017 April 194131 July 1941Sold in 1947. Resold in 1948 as buoy tender W.R. Strang. Converted to whale catcher. Resold in 1957 as Toshi Maru. Scrapped in Japan in 1965.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley16 November 194027 May 1941Transferred on 29 September 1941 to Royal Norwegian Navy as .
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen21 June 194028 January 194130 May 1941Sold on 2 September 1946 to Faroe Islands as trawler Grunningur. Resold in 1949 as buoy tender, then diesel-engined whale catcher Thorørn. Scrapped in 1969 at Grimstad.
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen9 September 194029 March 194117 July 1941Sold in April 1946 as mercantile Este.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees23 March 19404 July 194026 September 1940Launched as La Paimpolaise for the French Navy. Completed for RN after the Fall of France. Shared sinking of U-556 27 June 1941. Sold in 1946.
George Philip & Son Ltd., Dartmouth, Devon28 November 193921 September 194025 February 1941Sold in 1947 as mercantile Nigelock. Sunk on 10 March 1955.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast18 June 194015 October 194029 November 194021 August 1944Sank U-741 single-handed 15 August 44. Mined and heavily damaged on 21 August 1944 off Courseulles-sur-Mer. Beached on Juno Beach and declared a total loss.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow9 December 194028 August 194128 December 1941Sold to Ireland. Handed over on the 20 December 1946 to the Irish Naval Service as the LÉ Maeve, pennant number 02. Commissioned the same day. By late 1970 she was unfit to put to sea and was decommissioned in 1971. She was sold for scrapping on 23 March 1972 and removed to Passage West, Cork Harbour the following day.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow11 March 194118 October 19415 March 1942Sold in 1947. Scrapped in February 1949 at Troon.
George Philip & Son Ltd., Dartmouth, Devon28 November 193918 January 194131 July 1941Sold in 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Galaxidi and in 1951 as mercantile Rosa Vlassi.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast24 February 19404 June 19402 August 19401943Transferred in 1943 to the Royal Hellenic Navy as Sachtouris. Returned to RN in September 1951. Scrapped on 21 April 1952.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 193924 February 19408 April 194015 March 1942Shared sinking of U-147 2 June 1941. Transferred on 15 March 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 26 August 1945. Sold in 1947 as mercantile Perilock. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
Henry Robb Ltd., Leith4 December 193919 September 194013 January 1941Sold in January 1946 to the Republic of China Navy as Fu Po. Sunk on 19 March 1947.
Henry Robb Ltd., Leith?16 January 1942May 1942Renamed Lotus (ii) April 1942 after transfer of Lotus (i) to France. Sold in 1947/January 1948 as mercantile Southern Lotus. Refitted in 1948 as a buoy tender. Refitted in 1950 as a whaling ship. Sold in December 1966 for scrapping in Belgium. Wrecked 18 December 1966 off Jutland, Denmark, while being towed from Norway to Belgium for scrapping together with her sister Southern Briar (ex-HMS Cyclamen).
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast21 March 194019 July 19405 September 194012 August 1941Torpedoed and sunk on 12 August 1941 by [28] while escorting convoy ONS 4 south of Iceland at 62-00N, 16-01W. All hands were lost.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast19 July 194016 November 19409 January 1941Sold on 6 February 1948. Scrapped in October 1948 at Portaferry.
Henry Robb Ltd., Leith20 May 194116 February 19422 July 194227 June 1944Torpedoed and heavily damaged on 27 June 1944 by [29] off Normandy at 49-48N, 00-49W. Declared a total loss and scrapped in 1947 at Llanelly.
Henry Robb Ltd., Leith19 March 194030 November 194024 April 194121 September 1943Torpedoed and sunk on 21 September 1943 by [30] while escorting convoy ON 202 at 57-00N, 31-10W. 1 survivor rescued by but was killed when Itchen was torpedoed and sunk by on 23 September 1943.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen6 March 194120 November 194112 May 1942Sold in 1946 as mercantile Rami. Scrapped in 1956.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew28 February 194118 December 1941Transferred on 16 January 1942 to the Royal Norwegian Navy as . Returned to RN on 13 March 1944. Sold on 13 March 1946 and scrapped at Gateshead.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew22 September 19398 May 194015 July 1940Sold on 9 August 1946. Resold in June 1949 as buoy tender Mek V. Resold in 1952 as whaling ship Norfinn. Sold in October 1965. Scrapped in June 1966 in Belgium.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew23 September 193922 June 194027 August 1940Sold on 22 July 1946. Resold in 1947 as mercantile Marylock. Scrapped in 1953 at Hong Kong.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew19 July 194025 June 1941Transferred on 28 July 1941 to the Free French Navy as . Returned to RN in 1947. Sold in 1947 as buoy tender, later whale catcher Southern Lily. 1963 Laid up. Scrapped on 9 January 1967 at Bruges.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast22 May 19402 September 194018 October 1940Sold on 17 May 1947. Resold 1950 to the Netherlands and converted to whale catcher Maj Vinke (AM15)
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol28 October 194026 July 19414 November 1941Transferred on 4 October 1947 to the South African Navy as . Became hydrographic vessel in 1949
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew3 September 194022 September 1941Transferred on 31 October 1941 to the Royal Norwegian Navy as .
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew26 September 19396 August 194020 September 194024 December 1941Torpedoed and sunk on 24 December 1941 by [31] west of Alexandria at 31-46N, 28-00E. All hands were lost plus a number of the crew, servicemen and POW's rescued from the loss of torpedoed and sunk by on 23 December 1941
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees4 December 194014 April 194130 June 194130 January 1943Shared sinking of U-567 21 December 41. Torpedoed and sunk on 30 January 1943 by while escorting convoy TE-14 off Béjaïa at 36-56N, 05-40E.
Charles Hill & Sons Ltd., Bristol1 February 194124 October 19416 February 1942Transferred in August 1947 to Royal Norwegian Navy as .
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees27 September 19393 September 194028 October 194019 December 1942Bombed and sunk on 19 December 1942 by the Luftwaffe northwest of Benghazi at 32-18N, 19-54E.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec24 February 19408 August 1940Transferred on 26 November 1940 before completion to RCN as . Shared sinking of U-536 20 November 43. Returned to RN on 8 June 1945. Scrapped in August 1947 at Middlesbrough.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees4 February 194112 May 194130 July 1941Sold on 17 May 1947. Scrapped in September 1949 at Newcastle upon Tyne.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees19 May 194122 August 19412 November 1941Formerly . Shared sinking of U-125 3 July 43 by gunfire. Sold in 1947 as weather ship Weather Watcher. Scrapped in May 1962 at Dublin.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec24 February 194010 August 1940Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to RCN as .
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow31 May 194031 October 194027 February 1941Sold in August 1947. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Thessalonika.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow11 June 194012 February 194126 May 1941Shared sinking of U-660 12 November 42 (scuttled). Sold in 1948, converted to whale catcher Southern Broom. 1963 laid up. Scrapped on 9 January 1967 at Bruges.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees4 February 194112 May 194130 July 1941Shared sinking of U-124 2 April 43. Shared sinking of U-634 30 August 43. Sold on 17 May 1947. Resold in 1949 as mercantile Silver King. 1952 in Dutch service as whale catcher Martha W. Vinke (AM 6²).
J. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Aberdeen4 November 194028 May 1941Transferred on 19 September 1941 to the Free French Navy as . Returned to RN in 1947. Sold on 23 October 1947 and scrapped in May 1948 at Troon.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees24 May 194019 August 194025 January 1941The most successful Royal Navy Flower-class. Shared sinking of U-282 29 October 43. Sank single-handed 2 U-boats: U-631 17 October 43 and U-638 5 May 43. Scrapped in August 1947 at Hayle.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees4 April 194126 June 19418 September 1941Sold on 29 July 1946. Resold in June 1949 as whale catcher Star IX. Scrapped in April 1966 at Bruges.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley10 February 194128 July 194126 December 1941November 1943Formerly, renamed before completion. Shared sinking of U-82 6 February 42. Transferred in November 1943 to Royal Hellenic Navy as Tombazis. Returned to RN in 1952. Scrapped on 20 March 1952 in the United Kingdom.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees30 April 194125 July 194123 October 1941Sold in 1947 as weather ship Weather Explorer. Resold in 1958 as mercantile Epos and scrapped in Hong Kong in 1962.
Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal20 February 194026 June 1940Transferred on 31 October 1940 before completion to RCN as . Returned to RN on 25 June 1945. Sold in 1950 as whale catcher Olympic Runner. Resold in 1956 as Otori Maru 10, then in 1959 as Kyo Maru No. 16.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees30 May 19404 September 194018 November 1940Sold in May 1947. Resold in 1950 as whale catcher Olympic Conqueror. Confiscated November 1954 by Peru. In 1956 sold to Japan as Otori Maru No. 8. Resold in 1957 as Thorlyn and in November 1964 to Sweden. Scrapped in 1965 in West Germany.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees29 June 19401 October 194019 December 1940Sold on 17 May 1947. Scrapped on 1 October 1951 at Blyth, Northumberland.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees9 July 194017 October 194018 February 194116 February 1942Transferred on 16 February 1942 to USN as . Returned to RN on 26 August 1945. Sold in 1946 as mercantile Verolock. Sank in 1947. Raised in 1951 and scrapped at Blyth, Northumberland.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast16 November 194012 March 19419 June 194120 February 1945Formerly . Torpedoed and sunk on 20 February 1945 by [32] southeast of Dungarvan at 51-47N, 07-06W.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees15 March 194127 May 194111 August 1941Shared sinking of U-252 14 April 42. Sank U-414 single-handed 25 May 43. Sold in August 1945. Resold in 1948 as mercantile Patrai, in 1951 as whale catcher Olympic Hunter and in 1956 as Otori Maru No. 18.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew21 March 194030 December 19403 February 194110 February 1946Shared sinking of U-651 29 June 41. Sank U-641 single-handed 19 January 44. Sold on 17 May 1947 as mercantile La Aguerra. Resold in 1949 to Spain as mercantile La Guera then in 1958 as mercantile Claudio Sabadell. Scrapped in October 1970 at Bilbao
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees23 July 194014 November 19407 March 1941Shared sinking of U-523 25 August 43. Sold on 29 July 1946. Resold in 1949 as buoy tender Asbjørn Larsen, 1950 converted to whale catcher. Scrapped in October 1966 at Grimstad.
Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd., Lauzon, Quebec25 February 19404 July 1940Transferred on 15 May 1941 before completion to RCN as .
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew29 April 194028 February 19417 April 1941Sold in 1947, converted to whale catcher. Resold in 1948 as buoy tender Southern Lupin and later as whale catcher. 1950 to 1952 and since 1954 laid up. Scrapped in 1959 at Odense.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees20 August 194028 November 194030 March 194123 August 1941Torpedoed and sunk on 23 August 1941 by [33] while escorting convoy OG-71 west of Portugal at 40-25N, 10-40W.

Royal Norwegian Navy

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Norwegian Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon21 December 193926 May 19411 October 19411956Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 1 October 1941. Bought by Norway in 1946 as a fishery protection ship. Reclassified in 1950 as a frigate with pennant number F307. Sold in 1956 as whale catcher Colin Frye. Resold in 1957 as Toshi Maru No. 2. Scrapped in 1970 in Japan.
ButtercupHarland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast17 December 194010 April 194120 December 1944November 1957Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 20 December 1944. Bought by Norway in 1946 as fishery protection ship Nordkyn. Sold in November 1957 as whaling ship Thoris. Scrapped in June 1969.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast16 January 194111 June 194129 August 1941August 1956Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 29 August 1941. Bought by Norway in 1946 as fishery protection ship . Sold in August 1956 and converted to diesel-engined whale catcher Thorglimt. Scrapped in June 1969 at Grimstad.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley16 November 194027 May 194129 September 194118 November 1942Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 29 September 1941. Torpedoed and sunk by on 18 November 1942 at 53-37N, 38-15W. 48 crew killed, 23 survivors were rescued by .
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew28 February 194118 December 194116 January 194213 March 1944Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 16 January 1942. Returned to RN on 13 March 1944.
W. Simons & Co., Renfrew3 September 194022 September 194131 October 194126 October 1944Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 26 October 1941 and commissioned on 31 October 1941. Rammed and sunk on 26 October 1944 by at 45-50N, 40-15W. 3 crew were killed.

Royal Hellenic Navy

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Hellenic Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
ApostolisHarland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast20 April 194019 August 194024 October 19431952Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 24 October 1943. Returned to RN in 1952.
KriezisA. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow19 September 193923 April 194010 November 19431 June 1952Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy on 10 November 1943. Returned to RN on 1 June 1952.
SachtourisHarland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast24 February 19404 June 194019431951Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy in 1943. Returned to RN in September 1951.
TombazisFleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley10 February 194128 July 1941November 1943Formerly . Transferred to the Royal Hellenic Navy in November 1943. Returned to RN in 1952.

United States Navy

See main article: American Flower-class corvette.

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the United States Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast14 November 193920 April 19403 April 194222 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 3 April 1942. Returned to RN on 23 August 1945.
Fleming & Ferguson Ltd., Paisley26 March 19405 September 194017 March 194222 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 17 March 1942. Returned to RN on 22 August 1945.
Cook, Welton & Gemmell, Beverley13 March 194018 September 194010 March 194222 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 10 March 1942. Returned to RN on 22 August 1945.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 193921 March 194012 March 194223 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 12 March 1942. Returned to RN on 23 August 1945.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 193924 February 194015 March 194220 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 15 March 1942. Returned to RN on 26 August 1945.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast30 October 193914 February 194030 April 194220 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 30 April 1942. Returned to RN on 26 August 1945.
Harland & Wolff Ltd., Belfast14 November 19396 April 19402 May 194220 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to the USN on 2 May 1942. Returned to RN on 26 August 1945.
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland23 October 19395 June 194024 March 194220 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 24 March 1942. Returned to RN on 26 August 1945.
Smiths Dock Co., South Bank-on-Tees9 July 194017 October 194021 March 194220 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 16 February 1942. Returned to RN on 26 August 1945.
Grangemouth Dry Dock Co., Grangemouth31 October 19398 July 194011 June 194222 August 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 4 March 1942. Returned to RN on 26 August 1945.

Flower-class (modified)

Royal Canadian Navy

Construction data for modified Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City20 July 194322 November 194316 June 19448 July 1945Scrapped in March 1949 at New Orleans.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City15 August 19424 April 194314 October 194317 July 1945Scrapped in October 1952 in Canada.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City8 November 194311 May 194425 September 194412 July 1945Sold in 1946 to the "Mossad Le'Aliya bet" in Quebec (The Institute for Immigration B) as a passenger vessel Yoashia Wegwood.[34] Transferred to Israel in 1948 as corvette HaShomer.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario21 January 194417 June 194419 October 19445 July 1945Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic as Juan Bautista Cambiaso.
Cancelled in December 1943.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario7 June 194110 September 194113 December 194111 September 1942Torpedoed and sunk on 11 September 1942 by while escorting convoy SQ-30 in the Saint Lawrence River north of Cap-Chat at 49-10N, 66-50W. 9 crew killed.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario25 November 194214 July 194311 May 194415 June 1945Sold in 1947 as mercantile Camco. Resold in 1956 to Panama as mercantile Puerto del Sol. Burned and sunk in 1971.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario10 December 194330 August 194418 November 194414 July 1945Sold in 1945 as mercantile Camco II. Resold in 1948 as Hartcourt Kent. Wrecked in 1949.
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow5 February 194330 August 19431 December 19439 July 1945Formerly . Transferred to RCN before completion.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario19 February 19432 June 194326 October 194322 July 1945Sold in October 1945 to United Ship Corporation.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen30 November 194219 June 194310 November 19435 July 1945Formerly . Scrapped in October 1952 in Canada.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario29 May 194320 December 19439 May 194427 June 1945Sold in 1945 to Panama as mercantile Guelph (name not changed). Resold in 1956 as Burfin.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City20 July 194316 November 194314 June 194410 July 1945Sold in 1950 to Cambodia as Campuchea.
Cancelled in December 1943.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City24 November 19439 June 194426 October 194410 July 1945Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic and renamed Cristobal Colon. Wrecked by Hurricane David on 30 August 1979.[35]
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario30 September 19424 June 194315 November 194318 July 1945Sold in 1946 as mercantile North Shore.
Cancelled in December 1943.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow27 February 194328 September 19435 January 194417 June 1945Formerly . Sold in 1947 as mercantile Rexton Kent II.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City11 January 194313 July 194313 December 194325 June 1945Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic and renamed Juan Alejandro Acosta. Wrecked by Hurricane David on 30 August 1979.
Cancelled in December 1943.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City23 November 194324 June 194410 November 194411 July 1945Formerly .
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland22 February 194311 October 19438 February 194418 July 1945Formerly . Sold to Honduras and converted 1950 in Germany to whale catcher Olympic Victor. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 12 and in 1962 as Kyo Maru No. 25.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City14 January 194331 July 194322 December 194325 June 1945Sold in 1946 to Yugoslavia as mercantile Balboa under Panamanian flag. Resold to the "Mossad Le'Aliya bet" (The Institute for Immigration B) while still in Quebec as a passenger vessel Hagana. Transferred to Israel in 1948 as corvette Hagana.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario29 September 194227 April 194325 October 19435 June 1945Sold in 1946 as mercantile Kent County II. Resold in 1950 as Galloway Kent and in 1951 as Bedford II.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario11 November 194215 June 194317 November 194319 July 1945Sold in 1945 to Greece as Cadio.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy, Quebec11 June 194313 November 194330 August 194410 July 1945Sold in 1950 to Honduras, converted to whale catcher Olympic Champion. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 15, 1961 renamed Kyo Maru No. 22.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario14 September 194315 January 19441 June 194419 July 1945Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic as Gerardo Jansen.
Cancelled in December 1943.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City5 January 19432 July 194321 November 19432 July 1945Sold in 1947 to the Dominican Republic as Juan Bautista Maggiolo.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario21 January 194419 August 194428 November 19448 July 1945Sold in 1950 to Honduras, converted to whale catcher Olympic Lightning. Resold in 1956 to Japan as Otori Maru No. 16, 1961 renamed Kyo Maru No. 23.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City8 July 19436 November 194327 May 194420 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Panama as Chrysi Hondroulis. Resold in 1955 to Greece as Loula.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City16 November 194327 April 194429 September 19441 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Chile as Casma.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy, Quebec18 November 194315 June 194420 November 194412 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Chile as Chipana.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy, Quebec25 September 194315 May 194413 November 194415 July 1945Sold in 1946 to Chile as Papudo.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario19 February 19431 September 19431 December 194322 February 1945Torpedoed and sunk on 22 February 1945 by off Falmouth, Cornwall at 50-06N, 04-50W. 6 crew were lost.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario23 July 194325 January 19446 October 19449 July 1945Sold in 1945 as mercantile West York (name not changed). Resold in 1960 as Federal Express. Rammed and sunk in 1960 in the Saint Lawrence River near Montreal. Raised and scrapped.
Marine Industries Ltd., Sorel-Tracy,1 April 194318 September 19436 June 194416 July 1945Acquired by the Portuguese Navy from the US and renamed NRP Bengo on 29 April 1948 and transferred to the Mozambique Pilots on 1 October 1948 where she was named just Bengo.

Royal Indian Navy

Construction data for modified Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Indian Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland26 November 194221 June 194319 February 1945Formerly . Transferred to the RIN on 19 February 1945. Returned to RN in 1947. Scrapped.
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow2 November 194231 May 194315 May 194517 May 1946Formerly . Transferred to the RIN on 15 May 1945. Returned to RN on 17 May 1946. 1947 sold to Royal Thai Navy, renamed Bangpakong
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen26 September 194222 April 194324 August 194517 May 1946Formerly . Transferred to the RIN on 24 August 1945. Returned to RN on 17 May 1946. 1947 sold to Royal Thai Navy, renamed Prasae , stranded 7. January 1951 on the North-Korean east coast, total loss.
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow6 April 194316 November 194319461947 lossFormerly HMS . Transferred to the RIN 1946. 1947 stranded and total loss.

Royal New Zealand Navy

Construction data for modified Flower-class corvettes of the Royal New Zealand Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
George Brown & Co., Greenock26 February 194328 October 194316 March 19441948Formerly . Transferred to RNZN on 16 March 1944. Returned to RN in 1948.
George Brown & Co., Greenock3 May 194326 January 19445 July 19441948Formerly . Transferred to RNZN on 5 July 1944. Returned to RN in 1948.

Royal Navy

Construction data for modified Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
George Brown & Co., Greenock26 February 194328 October 1943Transferred on 16 March 1944 to the Royal New Zealand Navy as . Returned to RN in 1948. Scrapped in August 1951 at Grays.
George Brown & Co., Greenock3 May 194326 January 1944Second ship of this type to bear the name. For history of the first see below under ships lost in action. This ship transferred on 5 July 1944 to the Royal New Zealand Navy as . Returned to RN in 1948. Scrapped in June 1951 at Dunston.
Cancelled on 12 November 1942.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen26 September 194222 April 194331 August 194324 March 1945Transferred on 24 August 1945 to India as . Returned to RN on 17 May 1946. Transferred in 1947 to Thailand as Prasae. Grounded on 7 January 1951 along east coast of Korea and scuttled on 13 January 1951.
Alexander Hall & Co., Aberdeen30 November 194219 June 1943Transferred on 10 November 1943 to RCN as .
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland26 November 194221 June 19438 November 194319 February 1945Transferred on 19 February 1945 to Indian Navy as . Returned to RN in 1947 and scrapped.
John Crown & Sons Ltd., Sunderland22 February 194311 October 1943Transferred on 8 February 1944 to RCN as .
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow2 November 194231 May 194323 September 1943Transferred on 15 May 1945 to India as . Returned to RN on 17 May 1946. Transferred on 15 May 1947 to Thailand.
A. & J. Inglis Ltd., Glasgow27 February 194328 September 1943Transferred on 5 January 1944 to RCN as .
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow5 February 194330 August 1943Transferred on 1 December 1943 to RCN as .
Ferguson Bros. (Port Glasgow) Ltd., Port Glasgow6 April 194316 November 1943March 1944Transferred in 1946 to India as . 1947 total loss.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario6 January 194228 July 1942Transferred on 22 November 1942 to USN as .
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario6 January 19424 September 1942Transferred on 10 December 1942 to USN as .
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario31 October 194231 May 1943Formerly . Transferred to RN on 31 May 1943 under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 20 June 1946.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario15 June 1942Transferred on 6 December 1942 to USN as .
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario28 September 1942Formerly . Transferred to RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 5 January 1946.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario18 November 194222 June 1943Formerly . Transferred to RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 27 July 1946.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec CityNovember 194122 August 1942Transferred on 6 April 1943 to USN as .
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec CityNovember 19415 August 1942Transferred on 31 March 1943 to USN as .
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City28 November 194115 July 1942Transferred on 22 December 1942 to USN as .
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City22 July 194229 November 1942Transferred on 23 July 1943 to USN as .
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City14 August 19424 December 1942Transferred on 16 August 1943 to USN as .
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario11 February 194328 July 194320 March 1946Formerly . Transferred to RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 20 March 1946.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario24 December 194221 June 1943Formerly . Transferred to RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 5 January 1946.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario10 April 194320 September 1943Formerly . Transferred to RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 21 June 1946.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario24 March 1943Formerly . Transferred to RN under the lend-lease program. Returned to USN on 11 June 1946.

United States Navy

See main article: American Flower class corvettes.

Construction data for modified Flower-class corvettes of the United States Navy
ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedPaid offFate
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario6 January 194228 July 194222 November 19426 September 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 22 November 1942. Sold on 6 February 1946.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario6 January 19424 September 194210 December 19424 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 10 December 1942. Sold on 22 September 1945 to Italy as mercantile Rio Marina.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario31 October 1942Transferred on 31 May 1943 to RN as . Returned to USN on 20 June 1946.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario15 June 19426 December 19429 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 6 December 1942. Sold on 18 October 1946.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario31 October 1942Transferred to RN as . Returned to USN on 20 June 1946.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario18 November 1942Transferred to RN as . Returned to USN on 27 July 1946.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec CityNovember 194122 August 19426 April 19433 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 6 April 1943. Sold in 1949 to Italy as mercantile Porto Azzurro. Scrapped in 1973 at La Spezia.
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec CityNovember 194122 August 194231 March 19433 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 31 March 1943. Sold into mercantile service. 1950 whale catcher Olympic Promoter, 1956 resold and renamed Otori Maru No. 5
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City28 November 194115 July 194222 December 19429 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 22 December 1942. Sold into mercantile service. 1950 whale catcher Olympic Explorer, 1956 resold and renamed Otori Maru No.3, later Kyo Maru No.12
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City22 July 194227 November 194223 July 19433 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 23 July 1943. Sold on 18 October 1946 into mercantile service. 1950 whale catcher Olympic Leader, 1956 resold and renamed Otori Maru No. 1, later Kyo Maru No. 15
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co., Quebec City14 August 19424 December 194216 August 194311 October 1945Formerly . Transferred to USN on 16 August 1943. Sold in 1949 to Italy as mercantile Elbano. Resold in 1951 to the Italian Navy as hydrographic survey vessel Staffetta.
Kingston Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Kingston, Ontario11 February 1943Transferred to RN as . Returned to USN on 20 March 1946.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario24 December 1942Transferred to RN as . Returned to USN on 5 January 1946.
Collingwood Shipbuilding Ltd., Collingwood, Ontario10 April 1943Transferred to RN as . Returned to USN on 21 June 1946.
Midland Shipyards Ltd., Midland, Ontario24 March 1943Transferred to RN as . Returned to USN on 11 June 1946.

Vessels lost in action

Flower-class ships lost to enemy action
ShipFlagDateFate
Free French Naval Forces9 February 1942Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy ON-60 about 420nmi E of Cape Race at 46°N -44°W 36 crew were killed.
Free French Naval Forces22 June 1940Mined during sea trial off Hartlepool on day of her commissioning.
Free French Naval Forces9 June 1942Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy ONS 100 at 52.2°N -69°W 58 French crew and 6 British crew were killed; the French crew being largely from Saint Pierre and Miquelon. 4 survivors rescued by .
Royal Canadian Navy21 August 1944Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting a convoy in the English Channel S of St. Catherine's Point at 50.3°N -51°W 59 crew killed and 31 rescued by RN motor torpedo boats.
Royal Canadian Navy11 September 1942Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy SQ-30 in the Saint Lawrence River N of Cap-Chat at 49.1667°N -116°W 9 crew killed.
Royal Canadian Navy19 September 1941Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy SC 44 E of Cape Farewell at 60.1167°N -75°W 18 crew killed and 91 rescued.
Royal Canadian Navy6 February 1943Bombed and torpedoed by Luftwaffe aircraft while escorting Convoy KMF-8 off Cape Tenes in Mediterranean Sea at 36.25°N 15°W 59 crew killed, 50 rescued.
Royal Canadian Navy8 August 1944Torpedoed and sunk by off Trevose Head at 50.7°N -8°W 30 crew were killed.
Royal Canadian Navy25 November 1944Torpedoed and sunk by in the Cabot Strait at 47.5667°N -70°W. All hands were lost.
Royal Canadian Navy11 February 1942Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy SC 67 W of Malin Head at 56.1667°N -28°W. 8 crew survived.
Royal Canadian Navy22 February 1943Mined on 22 February 1943 off Cape Espartel at 36.7667°N -8°W. 7 crew were killed.
Royal Canadian Navy7 December 1941Rammed and sunk while escorting Convoy SC 58 after colliding with freighter Zypenberg in dense fog on the Grand Banks at 46.3167°N -79°W 23 crew were killed.
Royal Navy9 January 1944Torpedoed and badly damaged by a U-boat.
Royal Navy5 February 1942Torpedoed and sunk by W of Erris Head, Ireland at 55.0833°N -61°W
Royal Navy10 March 1944Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy SL-150 and Convoy MKS-41 at 45.4°N -27°W. 92 crew were killed, 5 survivors rescued by .
Royal Navy6 May 1942Mined in Courrier Bay, Madagascar at -12.2°N 68°W. Foundered the next day while under tow.
Royal Navy17 February 1945Torpedoed and sunk by off the Kola Inlet at 69.6°N 64°W
Royal Navy15 April 1941Bombed and sunk during sea trials by the Luftwaffe. Raised and repaired. Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1947 as HNoMS Polarfront.
Royal Navy9 February 1943Mined and sunk while escorting a convoy in the Mediterranean Sea off Derna, Libya at 32.8°N 31°W. Entire crew rescued by 'HMSAS Southern Maid.
Royal Navy14 October 1941Torpedoed and sunk by west of Gibraltar at 36°N -36°W. There were 3 survivors.
Royal Navy9 November 1942Rammed and sunk off Oran at 35.8167°N -6°W in collision with HMS Fluellen (T157).
Royal Navy17 October 1941Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy SC 48 S of Iceland at 57°N -25°W. All hands were lost.
Royal Navy6 September 1940Rammed and sunk 3miles off Altacarry Head at 55.3°N -62°W in collision with mercantile Marsa.
Royal Navy9 April 1942Bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft E of Ceylon at 7.35°N 138°W
Royal Navy9 December 1942Torpedoed and sunk by the Regia Aeronautica while escorting Convoy KMS.3Y off Algiers at 36.8333°N 3°W. 40 crew were killed.
Royal Navy21 August 1944Mined and heavily damaged off Courseulles-sur-Mer. Beached on Juno Beach and declared a total loss.
Royal Navy12 August 1941Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy ONS 4 S of Iceland at 62°N -17°W. All hands were lost.
Royal Navy27 June 1944Torpedoed and heavily damaged by off Normandy at 49.8°N -49°W. Declared a total loss and scrapped in 1947 at Llanelly.
Royal Navy21 September 1943Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy ON 202 at 57°N -41°W. 1 survivor rescued by HMS Itchen but was killed when that ship was torpedoed and sunk by on 23 September 1943.
Royal Navy24 December 1941Torpedoed and sunk by W of Alexandria at 31.7667°N 28°W. All hands were lost.
Royal Navy30 January 1943Torpedoed and sunk by Italian submarine Platino while escorting Convoy TE-14 off Béjaïa at 36.9333°N 45°W
Royal Navy19 December 1942Bombed and sunk by the Luftwaffe NW of Benghazi at 32.3°N 73°W
Royal Navy20 February 1945Torpedoed and sunk by SE of Dungarvan, Rep of Ireland at 51.7833°N -13°W
Royal Navy23 August 1941Torpedoed and sunk by while escorting Convoy OG-71 W of Portugal at 40.4167°N -50°W
Royal Norwegian Navy18 November 1942Torpedoed and sunk by at 53.6167°N -53°W. 48 crew killed, 23 survivors were rescued by HNoMS Potentilla (K214).
Royal Canadian Navy22 February 1945Torpedoed and sunk on 22 February 1945 by off Falmouth at 50.1°N -54°W. 6 crew were killed.

Kriegsmarine use

See main article: PA-class patrol ship (Germany). In 1940 four Flower-class corvettes were being built in St. Nazaire-Penhoet for the French Navy. They were seized by the Kriegsmarine (German Navy). Three were completed in 1943 and 1944, while the fourth was never finished. Their designation "PA" stood for Patroullienboot Ausland (foreign patrol craft).

Construction data for Flower-class corvettes of the Kriegsmarine
ShipOrderedLaunchedIntended French nameCompletedFate
PA 1September 193916 October 1940ArquebuseApril 1944Seized in June 1940 and served in 15 Vorposten Flottille. Sunk by aerial bombing 15 June 1944 at Le Havre
PA 2September 193922 November 1940HallebardeSeptember 1943Seized in June 1940 and served in 15 Vorposten Flottille. Sunk by aerial bombing 15 June 1944 at Le Havre
PA 3September 193929 November 1940SabreNovember 1943Seized in June 1940 and served in 15 Vorposten Flottille. Sunk by aerial bombing 15 June 1944 at Le Havre
PA 4September 193929 November 1940PoignardNot completedSeized in June 1940. Launched 1 September 1944 as La Télindière. Sunk uncompleted as a block ship at Nantes

Battle credits

Post-war use

The relatively small Flowers were among the first warships to be declared surplus by Allied navies following the end of World War II. They had seen years of hard service in the North Atlantic and were made obsolete by the numerous destroyer escorts and frigates that entered service in the latter part of the war.

32 vessels from the RN, RCN, and USN were transferred to Argentina, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Greece, India, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa, and Venezuela. These were typically operated according to their original design, as coastal patrol vessels, with many serving until the 1970s.

The Irish Navy bought three Flowers in 1946 (and). The fledgling navy had intended to buy three more corvettes, as well as a number of surplus minesweepers, but severe budget restrictions cancelled these plans, leaving the original three to serve alone through the 1950s and 1960s despite antiquated armament, poor accommodation, and maintenance problems. Taken out of service 1968–1970 and scrapped shortly afterwards. Replaced by s before the building of a similar size vessel, LE Deirdre. Entry into the European Economic Community in 1973 assisted in funding for the building of three future ships.

110 surplus Flowers were sold for commercial use. These saw various careers as mercantile freighters, smugglers, tugs, weather ships, and whalers. The remainder were scrapped. Of particular interest is the story of . She was declared surplus by the RCN and sold as a towboat specializing in deep-sea salvage. In November 1955, she rescued the freighter Makedonia in the North Pacific, towing the vessel for over one month through severe weather, becoming one of the most famous salvage ships of all time.

The surplus RCN Flowers and were sold as mercantile freighters but were subsequently acquired in 1946 by the Mossad LeAliyah Bet, a branch of the Jewish Defense Association (Haganah) in the British Mandate for Palestine. Mossad Le'aliyah Bet organized Jewish immigration from Europe into Palestine, in violation of unilateral British restrictions. The corvettes were intercepted in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer of 1946 by the destroyer and interned in Palestine. After Israel became independent in 1948, these commercial ships were commissioned into the Israeli Navy as the warships Hashomer and Hagana respectively.

Allied navies disposed of their Flowers so quickly following the war, the RN could not supply a single vessel to play Compass Rose in the 1953 film production of Nicholas Monsarrat's novel The Cruel Sea. The Royal Hellenic Navy supplied (formerly) for the role prior to her scrapping.

The only survivor of the entire class is, owned by the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust. She was laid up in reserve in March 1946 and converted in 1952 to a research vessel for Canadian Department of Marine and Fisheries, a role she served in until the early 1980s when she was acquired by the trust.[36] She has been restored to her wartime appearance and serves in the summer months as a museum ship in Halifax, Nova Scotia, while wintering securely in the naval dockyard at CFB Halifax under the care of Maritime Forces Atlantic, Maritime Command. Sackvilles presence in Halifax is considered very appropriate, given the port was an important North American convoy assembly port during the war. Sackville makes her first appearance each spring when she is towed by a naval tug from HMC Dockyard to a location off Point Pleasant Park on the first Sunday in May to participate in the Commemoration of the Battle of the Atlantic ceremonies held at a memorial in the park overlooking the entrance to Halifax Harbour. Sackville typically hosts several dozen RCN veterans on this day and has also participated in several burials at sea for dispersing the ashes of RCN veterans of the Battle of the Atlantic at this location.

Literature

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Gardiner and Chesneau 1980, p. 62.
  2. (reproduction with introduction by Antony Preston), Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II, New Jersey: Random House, 1996,, page 68.
  3. United States Navy Warship Identification Manual (NAVPERS 10796)
  4. Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 11, pp. 1137–42.
  5. Book: Silverstone . Paul . The Navy of World War II, 1922-1947 . 2007 . Routledge . 9780415978989 . 175.
  6. Brown 2007, pp. 41–43.
  7. Lambert and Brown 2008, p. 3.
  8. Canadian yards, for instance, could not build destroyer hulls.
  9. Brown D K, Nelson to Vanguard
  10. Le Masson 1969, pp. 27–28
  11. Le Masson 1969, pp. 26, 28.
  12. Le Masson 1969, p. 28
  13. Web site: Captured gunboats of the Kriegsmarine . German-Navy.de . 2011-01-18.
  14. Milner 1985, p. 89
  15. http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/class.html?ID=42 "Flower Class
  16. Monsarrat, N., H.M. corvette. Philadelphia, New York, J.B. Lippincott Co., 1943. OCLC 1523299
  17. http://www.alamer.fr/index.php?NIUpage=35&Param1=436 Alamer.fr
  18. http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4706.html
  19. Lambert and Brown 2008, p. 65.
  20. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1313.html HMS Arbutus (K 86) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  21. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3216.html HMS Asphodel (K 56) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  22. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3442.html HMS Bluebell (K 80) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  23. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1150.html HMS Fleur de Lys (K 122) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  24. Lambert and Brown 2008, p. 7.
  25. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1157.html HMS Gladiolus (K 34) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  26. Civil Aviation News: First Weather Ship. . LII. 2015. 7 August 1947. 145.
  27. Weather Observer: First British "Met" Ship. Flight. LII. 2015. 7 August 1947 . 144.
  28. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1057.html HMS Picotee (K 63) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  29. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3271.html HMS Pink (K 137) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  30. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3075.html HMS Polyanthus (K 47) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  31. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1235.html HMS Salvia (K 97) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  32. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3447.html HMS Vervain (K 190) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  33. http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1067.html HMS Zinnia (K 98) (British Corvette) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII – uboat.net
  34. Greenfield, Murray S. & Hochstein, Joseph M., Jews' Secret Fleet, Gefen Publishing House, Jerusalem, 2010, pp. 55–56
  35. Web site: Today in History August 30, 2007 . Seawaves . 2008-06-10 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071027055625/http://www.seawaves.com/newsletters/TDIH/august/30Aug.txt . 27 October 2007.
  36. Web site: HMCS Sackville: The last flower (1941–2000) . History in Illustration . 2008-06-10 .