| Railroad Name: | Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad |
| Old Gauge: | originally, converted to in 1886[1] |
| Locale: | Florida |
| Start Year: | 1889 |
| End Year: | 1900 |
The Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad was the final name of a system of railroads throughout Florida, becoming part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway in 1900. The system, including some of the first railroads in Florida, stretched from Jacksonville west through Tallahassee and south to Tampa. Much of the FC&P network is still in service under the ownership of CSX Transportation.
The Tallahassee Rail Road was first organized in 1832 as the Leon Railway, changing its name in 1834. It opened in 1837, connecting Tallahassee, Florida to the Gulf of Mexico port of St. Marks, Florida. This was the second steam railroad in Florida, opening just a year after the Lake Wimico and St. Joseph Canal and Railroad.
The Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad was chartered January 24, 1851, to build west from Jacksonville, Florida, and construction began in 1857. The Pensacola and Georgia Railroad was chartered in January 1853, to be built east from Pensacola, Florida, but started at Tallahassee. The two lines met at Lake City, Florida in 1860, and the latter also built from Tallahassee west to four miles (6 km) short of Quincy, Florida, stopping in 1863 in the middle of the American Civil War.
In 1855 the Pensacola and Georgia bought the Tallahassee. In 1869 the two merged to form the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, which obtained trackage rights over the Florida Central Railroad, the 1868 reorganization of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf. The railroad eventually was built west to Chattahoochee, Florida, a major junction with the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad continuing west and the Chattahoochee and East Pass Railroad running northeast. In 1882, Sir Edward Reed purchased the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile, absorbing the Florida Central and reorganizing the two as the Florida Central and Western Railroad.
The Florida Railroad was incorporated January 8, 1853, to build a line across the state, from Fernandina, Florida (north of Jacksonville, Florida) southwest to Cedar Key, Florida. The first train ran in 1861, but the line failed and the company was reorganized in 1866. In 1872 it was reorganized again as the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company. In 1881, Sir Edward Reed purchased the railroad and reorganized it as the Florida Transit Company, which in 1883 was reorganized again as the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad. The Florida Transit and Peninsular operated two subsidiaries, the Peninsula Railroad and Tropical Florida Railroad, organized to build lines respectively from the Florida Transit at Waldo, Florida to Ocala, Florida and beyond to Tampa, Florida.[2]
In 1884-85, Reed merged the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad with the Florida Central and Western Railroad, Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad, and Leesburg and Indian River Railroad as the Florida Railway and Navigation Company, which instantly became the largest railroad system in Florida. The new company was placed in receivership in October 1885,[3] sold at foreclosure and reorganized as the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad Company in 1886.[4]
On May 1, 1889, the company was reorganized again, as the Florida Central and Peninsular Railway, and on January 16, 1893, the final reorganization produced the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad, along with a merger of the Florida Northern Railroad (a line from Yulee to Savannah, Georgia).[5] The Seaboard Air Line Railway leased the FC&P on July 1, 1900, and the latter was merged into the former on August 15, 1903. The FC&P tracks from Savannah, Georgia to Tampa, Florida via Jacksonville became part of Seaboard's main line.[6]
Though a series of mergers between 1967 and 1987, the Seaboard became part of CSX Transportation. Much of the former FC&P network remains in service today.
By the time the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad reached its greatest extent in 1893, it essentially had two main lines. One of the main lines (the Western Division) extended from Jacksonville west to Tallahassee and Chattahoochee, where it connected to the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad (a subsidiary of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad). The other main line (the Southern Division) was what was previously the Florida Railroad extending from Fernandina Beach to Cedar Key. These two main lines intersected at Baldwin Junction just west of Jacksonville. The routes continued in operation after Seaboard acquired the lines in 1900, although Seaboard designated the route to Tampa as the main line south of Waldo instead of the route to Cedar Key.
Seaboard abandoned the former Southern Division from Archer to Cedar Key in 1932.[7] The line was abandoned between Callahan and Yulee in 1954.[8] The line from Archer to Waldo was removed in the late 1980s. Today, State Road 24 runs along much of the former right of way of the route between Waldo and Cedar Key. The Waldo Road Greenway also runs along the former right of way between Gainesville and Waldo. South of Baldwin, it is part of CSX's S Line.
FC&P's Southern Division is still active and in service as the following:
The Western Division remains operates as the following routes:
The Tampa Division ran from the Fernandina-Cedar Key line at Waldo south to Tampa. This had been chartered as the Peninsula Railroad north of Ocala and the Tropical Florida Railroad south of Ocala. After the Seaboard acquisition, this route became the southernmost segment of their main line. It subsequently became part of CSX's S Line.
While mostly intact, a short 16-mile segment of the S Line has been abandoned between Lacoochee and Zephyrhills, where the line now briefly detours along a former Atlantic Coast Line route (using former South Florida Railroad and Tampa and Thonotosassa Railroad trackage). Despite not being part of the original line, this former Atlantic Coast Line segment is considered to be an unofficial part of the S Line since it carries all S Line traffic.[9] [10] [11]
The Tampa Division now operates as the following routes on the S Line:
The Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad was organized in 1874 and opened in 1881, connecting Jacksonville north to the Southern Division at Yulee. It was consolidated into the Florida Railway and Navigation Company in 1885.
The South Bound Railroad was organized in 1887 and completed in 1891, connecting Columbia, South Carolina to Savannah, Georgia. The FC&P leased it in 1893. In 1892 the Florida Northern Railroad was chartered by the FC&P to continue the Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad north into Georgia, where the FC&P continued the line to Savannah. This opened in 1894, forming a continuous line from Jacksonville to Columbia. In 1899 and 1900, the South Bound Railroad was extended north to Camden, South Carolina to meet the Seaboard Air Line Railway's Chesterfield and Kershaw Railroad. The Northern Division became part of the Seaboard main line after the Seaboard acquisition.
In 1925, the Gross Cutoff was built by Seaboard from the Northern Division near the Florida/Georgia state line southwest to the Southern Division at Callahan.
The Northern Division remains today in segments. The abandoned segment within Jacksonville is now the S-Line Urban Greenway.
After the Seaboard Coast Line became the CSX Corporation in the 1980s, CSX abandoned the S Line between Riceboro, Georgia (just southwest of Savannah) and Bladen, Georgia in 1986. Track between Bladen and Seals was removed in 1990.[12]
The Northern Division is now the following routes:
The Leesburg and Indian River Railroad was incorporated in 1884 and merged into the Florida Railway and Navigation Company in 1885. It built a line from the Tampa Division at Wildwood east to Tavares, with plans to continue east to Titusville. That extension was not built, but pieces were built by other companies.
The Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad was incorporated in 1883, and built an extension of line from Tavares to Orlando. The FC&P leased it in 1891.
The Orlando and Winter Park Railway was incorporated in 1886 and extended the line from Orlando to Winter Park. The Osceola and Lake Jesup Railway, incorporated 1888, continued the line past Oviedo to Lake Charm. In 1891 the two companies merged into the East Florida and Atlantic Railroad, which was leased by the FC&P in 1892. In the line's early days, passenger trains served the historic Church Street Station in Orlando, which belonged to the South Florida Railroad.[13] Trains turned onto the South Florida Railroad (which became the main line of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, the Seaboard Air Line's competitor) in Downtown Orlando just north of the station. In 1896, the FC&P built its own Orlando station.[14]
The line west of Orlando remained intact under Seaboard and its successors until the 1970s when tracks were removed between Leesburg and Tavares.[15] Since 1986, the remaining line from Tavares to Orlando has been operated by the Florida Central Railroad, a short line that was run by the Pinsly Railroad Company from 1986 to 2019 and is now operated by Regional Rail, LLC.[16] The Florida Midland Railroad, another Pinsly-operated short line, operated the segment from Wildwood to Leesburg from 1987 until 2005, when most of that end of the line was abandoned. All that remains on the Wildwood end is a short wye which CSX uses to turn locomotives from Wildwood Yard.
East of Orlando, the abandoned right of way is now the Cady Way Trail and the southern extension of the Cross Seminole Trail.
Southern Division
| Milepost | City/Location | Station[21] | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SMA 47.2 | Fernandina | Fernandina | |
| O'Neill | O'Neill | ||
| Buena Vista | |||
| Lofton | |||
| Yulee | Hart's Road | ||
| SMA 35.1 | Yulee | originally Hart's Road Junction junction with Northern Division | |
| Hero | |||
| Italia | Italia | ||
| Nassau | |||
| SM 20.0 | Callahan | Callahan | junction with: |
| SM 12.3 | Crawford | Crawford | junction with Atlantic, Valdosta and Western Railway (GSF/SOU) |
| Verdie | Verdie | ||
| Ingle | Ingle | ||
| St. Mary's | |||
| Bryceville | Bryceville | ||
| SM 0.0 S 653.0 | Baldwin | Baldwin | junction with: |
| S 656.5 | Fiftone | ||
| S 659.0 | Maxville | ||
| S 661.4 | Hugh | ||
| S 665.7 | Highland | ||
| Trail Ridge | |||
| S 669.3 | Lawtey | Lawtey | |
| Burrine's | |||
| S 672.1 | Saxton | ||
| Temple | |||
| S 678.4 | Starke | Starke | |
| S 679.1 | Wannee Junction | junction with Wannee Branch | |
| Thurston | |||
| S 684.6 | Hampton | Hampton | junction with Georgia Southern and Florida Railway (SOU) |
| S 690.0 | Waldo | Waldo | junction with Tampa Division |
| Millicans | |||
| SR 697.2 | Fairbanks | ||
| Dowd's | |||
| Nedra | |||
| SR 704.0 | Gainesville | Gainesville | junction with: |
| Daysville | |||
| Hammock Ridge | |||
| Arredondo | |||
| SR 710.8 | Kanapaha | ||
| Peach Orchard | |||
| Palmer | |||
| SR 718.4 | Archer | Archer | junction with Early Bird Branch |
| Venables | |||
| Albion | |||
| Meredith | |||
| 727.7 | Bronson | Bronson | |
| Lennon | |||
| 739.5 | Otter Creek | Otter Creek | Junction with Perry Cutoff (ACL) |
| Ellzey | |||
| Emett | |||
| Wylly | |||
| Rosewood | Rosewood | ||
| Hilton | |||
| Sumner | Sumner | ||
| Lukens | |||
| 760.9 | Cedar Key | Cedar Key | |
Tampa Division
| Milepost | City/Location | Station | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| S 690.0 | Waldo | Waldo | junction with Southern Division |
| S 696.6 | Orange Heights | ||
| Dixie | |||
| S 700.1 | Campville | Campville | |
| S 703.3 | Hawthorne | Hawthorne | junction with Florida Southern Railway Palatka Branch (ACL) |
| S 712.3 | Lochloosa | Lochloosa | |
| S 714.5 | Island Grove | Island Grove | |
| S 716.9 | Citra | Citra | |
| Meadows | |||
| S 722.4 | Sparr | Sparr | |
| S 725.8 | Anthony | Anthony | |
| S 728.2 | Oak | ||
| S 731.5 | Ocala | Silver Springs Junction | junction with Silver Springs Branch |
| Silver Springs | located on Silver Springs Branch junction with Ocklawaha Valley Railroad | ||
| S 735.3 | Ocala | Ocala | replaced by Ocala Union Station in 1917 junction with: |
| S 743.5 | Santos | ||
| S 747.1 | Belleview | Belleview | |
| S 752.0 | Summerfield | Summerfield | junction with Lake Weir Branch |
| Lake Weir | located on Lake Weir Branch | ||
| S 753.7 | Dallas | ||
| S 756.8 | Oxford | Oxford | |
| S 761.5 | Wildwood | Wildwood | junction with Orlando Division |
| S 766.1 | Coleman | Coleman | junction with Seaboard Air Line Railroad Miami Subdivision |
| S 766.7 | Warnell | ||
| S 770.4 | Panasoffkee | Panasoffkee | |
| S 771.0 | Ekal | also known as Sumterville Junction junction with Sumterville Branch | |
| Sumterville | located on Sumterville Branch | ||
| Edenfield | |||
| S 775.1 | Bushnell | Bushnell | |
| S 778.9 | St. Catherine | junction with Florida Southern Railway (ACL) | |
| S 783.2 | Rerdell | ||
| S 784.2 | Terrell | ||
| S 791.2 | Lacoochee | junction with Orange Belt Railway (ACL) | |
| S 791.9 | Owensboro | junction with South Florida Railroad Pemberton Ferry Branch (ACL) | |
| S 797.9 | Dade City | Dade City | |
| Pasadena | |||
| Greer | |||
| Phelps | |||
| S 808.0 | Zephyrhills | Zephyrhills | junction with Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Vitis–Tampa Line |
| S 811.4 | Crystal Springs | Crystal Springs | |
| S 818.5 | Knights | Knights | |
| S 823.1 | Plant City | Plant City | replaced by Plant City Union Depot in 1909 junction with: |
| S 827.4 | Turkey Creek | junction with Seaboard Air Line Railroad Sarasota Subdivision | |
| S 829.5 | Sydney | ||
| S 832.5 | Valrico | junction with Valrico Cutoff (SAL) | |
| S 834.8 | Brandon | Brandon | |
| S 835.8 | Limona | ||
| Tampa | South Tampa | ||
| S 840.9 | Yeoman | ||
| S 843.5 | Tampa Northern Junction | later known as Gary junction with Tampa Northern Railroad (SAL) | |
| S 844.9 | Tampa | original station was located at Franklin and Whiting Streets replaced by Tampa Union Station in 1912 | |
| Seddon Island Terminal | Freight terminal built by the Seaboard Air Line in 1909 | ||
Western Division
| Milepost | City/Location | Station | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| SP 635.4 | Jacksonville | Jacksonville | junction with: |
| West Jacksonville | |||
| SP 641.6 | Marietta | ||
| SP 652.5 | Baldwin | Baldwin | junction with Southern Division |
| SP 656.3 | Mattox | junction with Jacksonville and Southwestern Railroad (ACL) | |
| SP 661.4 | Macclenny | Macclenny | known as Darbyville prior to 1890 |
| SP 663.8 | Glen St. Mary | Glen St. Mary | |
| Drake | |||
| Taliaferros Junction | |||
| SP 670.7 | Sanderson | Sanderson | |
| Woodstock | |||
| Mann's Spur | |||
| SP 680.6 | Olustee | Olustee | |
| SP 685.1 | Mount Carrie | ||
| SP 690.7 | Watertown | Watertown | |
| SP 693.1 | Lake City | Lake City | junction with: |
| Ogden | |||
| McKinley | |||
| SP 704.5 | Wellborn | Wellborn | |
| SP 709.9 | Houston | Houston | |
| SP 715.3 | Live Oak | Live Oak | junction with: |
| SP 721.5 | Dickert | ||
| Falmouth | Falmouth | ||
| SP 728.7 | Ellaville | Ellaville | |
| SP 736.3 | Lee | Lee | |
| West Farm | |||
| SP 743.7 | Madison | Madison | |
| Champaign | |||
| SP 757.4 | Greenville | Greenville | |
| SP 764.9 | Aucilla | Aucilla | |
| SP 772.3 | Drifton | Drifton | junction with: |
| SPB 776.5 | Monticello | Monticello | located on Monticello Branch |
| Braswell | |||
| SP 781.2 | Lloyd | Lloyd | |
| Capitola | |||
| SP 787.8 | Chaires | Chaires | |
| SP 799.3 | Tallahassee | Tallahassee | junction with: |
| Ocklocknee | |||
| Lawrence | |||
| SP 811.4 | Midway | Midway | |
| SP 823.3 | Quincy | Quincy | |
| SP 828.7 | Gretna | Gretna | |
| SP 832.0 | Mount Pleasant | Mount Pleasant | |
| Jamieson | |||
| Chattahoochee | Chattahoochee | ||
| SP 841.9 | River Junction | junction with: | |
Orlando Division
| Milepost | City/Location | Station | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST 761.2 | Wildwood | Wildwood | junction with Tampa Division |
| Orange Home | |||
| Bamboo | |||
| Spink's | |||
| ST 768.9 | Whitney | ||
| ST 770.4 | Montclair | ||
| ST 772.8 | Leesburg | Leesburg | junction with: |
| Sunnyside | |||
| Sadie | |||
| El Dorado | |||
| Eustis Transfer | |||
| ST 783.2 | Tavares | Tavares | junction with St. Johns and Lake Eustis Railway (ACL) |
| ST 786.8 | Ellsworth | ||
| ST 790.8 | Lake Jem | ||
| Gainesboro | |||
| ST 794.7 | Zellwood | Zellwood | |
| ST 796.2 | McDonald | ||
| ST 798.7 | Plymouth | Plymouth | |
| ST 802.0 | Apopka | Apopka | junction with Florida Midland Railway (ACL) |
| Piedmont | |||
| ST 805.7 | Toronto | junction with Orange Belt Railway (ACL) | |
| ST 807.7 | Lockhart | Lockhart | |
| Wekiva | |||
| ST 811.4 | Fairvilla | Fairvilla | |
| Livingston | |||
| ST 812.1 | Modello Park | ||
| ST 815.0 | Orlando | Orlando | Built in 1896. FC&P trains previously used Church Street Station. junction with South Florida Railroad (ACL) |
| Fair Oaks | |||
| Rowena | |||
| Lake Mabel | |||
| Bonnie Burn | |||
| College Station | |||
| ST 819.4 | Winter Park | Winter Park | |
| ST 823.8 | Lakemont | ||
| Lake Howell | |||
| ST 822.0 | Aloma | ||
| ST 823.8 | Goldenrod | Goldenrod | |
| Bertha | |||
| Gabriella | |||
| Slavia | Slavia | ||
| ST 830.1 | Oviedo | Oviedo | junction with Sanford and Indian River Railroad (SFRR/ACL) |
| ST 831.0 | Lake Charm | ||
Northern Division
| State | Milepost | City/Location | Station[22] [23] | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For stations north of Savannah, see South Bound Railroad | ||||
| GA | S 501.8 | Savannah | Savannah | junction with: |
| Anderson | ||||
| S 512.4 | Burroughs | junction with Savannah, Florida and Western Railway (ACL) | ||
| S 514.4 | Ogechee | |||
| S 515.6 | Richmond Hill | Richmond Hill | ||
| S 522.1 | Limerick | Limerick | ||
| S 527.2 | Midway | Midway | also known as Dorchester | |
| Gibson | ||||
| S 529.1 | Riceboro | Riceboro | ||
| S 534.0 | Lecount | |||
| S 537.1 | Jones | |||
| S 538.1 | Brickston | |||
| S 540.1 | Warsaw | Warsaw | ||
| S 544.1 | Townsend | Townsend | ||
| S 550.4 | Cox | |||
| S 556.8 | Everett | junction with Macon and Brunswick Railroad (SOU) | ||
| Ford | ||||
| S 564.4 | Thalmann | |||
| S 568.4 | Bladen | junction with Brunswick and Western Railroad (ACL) | ||
| S 573.8 | Hayner | |||
| S 575.5 | Glencoe | |||
| S 578.3 | Waverly | |||
| S 582.6 | White Oak | |||
| S 587.7 | Woodbine | Woodbine | ||
| S 591.2 | Colesburg | |||
| S 593.4 | Seals | Seals | ||
| S 598.9 | Kingsland | junction with St. Mary's Railroad | ||
| FL | S 605.4 | Gross | junction with Gross Cutoff (SAL) | |
| S 609.6 | Becker | Becker | ||
| S 613.5 | Yulee | Yulee | junction with Southern Division | |
| S 614.2 | Hedges | |||
| S 619.1 | Tisonia | |||
| S 621.1 | Duval | |||
| S 623.3 | Broward | |||
| S 629.5 | Jacksonville | Panama Park | junction with Jacksonville and Southwestern Railroad (ACL) | |
| S 638.0 | Jacksonville | junction with: | ||