Flamingo Las Vegas Explained

Flamingo Las Vegas
Address:3555 South Las Vegas Boulevard
Location:Paradise, Nevada, U.S.
Pushpin Map:United States Las Vegas Strip#Nevada
Rooms:3,460
Space Gaming:72299square feet
Shows:Piff the Magic Dragon
RuPaul's Drag Race Live!
Wayne Newton
X Burlesque
Attractions:Wildlife habitat
Notable Restaurants:Bugsy & Meyer's Steakhouse
Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville (2003–2024)
Casino Type:Land-based
Owner:Caesars Entertainment
Architect:Richard Stadelman (1946)
Max Horowitz (1952)
Martin Stern Jr. (1967)
Rissman & Rissman (1977)
Names Pre:Flamingo Hilton (1971–2001)
Renovations:1953, 1967, 1978, 1980, 1988, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2004, 2012, 2018

Flamingo Las Vegas (formerly the Flamingo Hilton) is a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. The Flamingo includes a 72299square feet casino and a 28-story hotel with 3,460 rooms.

The resort was originally proposed by Billy Wilkerson, founder of The Hollywood Reporter, who purchased the land in 1945. Early the following year, he partnered with a trio of mobsters to obtain financing. Among his partners was Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, who proceeded to take over the $1 million project, to Wilkerson's dismay. Construction costs rose under Siegel's management, with a final price of $6 million.

The Flamingo's casino opened on December 26, 1946, followed by a three-story hotel on March 1, 1947. It is the oldest continuously operating resort on the Strip, and was the third to open there. Siegel was killed by an unknown shooter in June 1947, and numerous ownership changes would take place in the years to come.

Hilton Hotels Corporation bought the resort in the early 1970s, and renamed it the Flamingo Hilton, a name it would retain until 2001. The first 28-story addition was completed in 1978, and others would follow over the next two decades, with the final one finished in 1995.

The three-story hotel, the last remaining structure from the original Flamingo, was demolished in 1993, helping make way for the final high-rise addition. A portion of this property was also redeveloped as a new 15acres pool area, accompanied by an animal habitat which includes flamingos. The resort has hosted numerous entertainers, including an 11-year residency for musical duo Donny and Marie Osmond that concluded in 2019.

History

Land background (1944–45)

The Flamingo occupies property originally owned by one of Las Vegas's first settlers, Charles "Pops" Squires. In 1944, Margaret Folsom bought his 40acres tract for $7,500.[1] [2] In 1945, she opened and briefly operated a small motel on part of the land, known as Rancho Aloha.[3] Later that year, Folsom sold 33acres of the land to Billy Wilkerson,[4] founder of The Hollywood Reporter. He also owned three popular nightclubs on the Sunset Strip: Cafe Trocadero, Ciro's, and LaRue.[5]

Wilkerson was a heavy gambler and a frequent visitor to Las Vegas. He bought the land from Folsom for $84,000; the high asking price had been the subject of dispute during negotiations. Rancho Aloha was demolished to help make way for a new casino resort planned by Wilkerson.

Bugsy Siegel ownership (1946–47)

Wilkerson lacked the money to finance the resort project on his own.[6] In February 1946, he received a $1 million check from G. Harry Rothberg, in exchange for a two-thirds interest in the project for his mobster partners. They included Moe Sedway, Gus Greenbaum, and another individual Wilkerson would meet in March 1946: Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. The trio were already involved in the El Cortez hotel-casino in downtown Las Vegas.[7]

Construction on Wilkerson's resort project was underway by March 1946,[8] [9] shortly after the end of World War II. That month, the Civilian Production Administration issued a freeze order that prohibited new construction without its approval. This was done to conserve construction materials for veteran housing, although Siegel successfully argued that the hotel project had already begun construction prior to the order.[10]

A few months after joining the project, Siegel made himself the on-site boss. With approval from mobster Meyer Lansky, an off-the-books financier, Siegel created the Nevada Projects Corporation.[7] The company was formalized in July 1946, with the intent of building a resort to Siegel's specifications.[7] Wilkerson was dismayed by this, and his relationship with Siegel soon deteriorated.

Originally planned as a $1 million resort, the project costs increased to $6 million due to mismanagement by Siegel.[7] In addition to Lansky, Siegel would receive loans from other mafia figures such as Frank Costello.[11] The resort was built by Del Webb Construction.[12] [13] The company's construction managers had a difficult time getting their pay, which prompted owner Del Webb to nervously ask Siegel for the money himself at one point. Siegel, in response, said, "You'll get paid, don't worry about it. We (mobsters) only kill each other."[14]

Siegel was commonly credited as the project's original visionary until the 1990s, when Wilkerson's son set out to correct the record.[15] [16] Wilkerson's involvement is further chronicled in The Man Who Invented Las Vegas, a biographical book written by his son and published in 2000.[17]

Historian Frank Wright of the Nevada State Museum and Historical Society said in 1996, "It was Bugsy who took over the building when Wilkerson ran short of funds. Bugsy finished it and opened it, so in a real sense, it was Bugsy Siegel's hotel."[16] Hal Rothman, a history professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, also considered Wilkerson's involvement "more of a footnote," stating in 2000, "He had an idea but he wasn't able to pull it off. The Flamingo he envisioned probably was very different from the one Siegel envisioned."

Flamingo name

By May 1946, the project had been named the Flamingo,[18] although it is disputed as to who came up with the name: Siegel or Wilkerson. Mobster Lucky Luciano, in a purported memoir published in 1975 after his death,[19] [20] credited Siegel with the name. According to the memoir, Siegel had once owned an interest in Florida's Hialeah Park Race Track, which was known for its on-site flock of flamingos. Siegel purportedly viewed the bird as a good-luck charm.[21] Lansky also supported this version of events.[7] [22] [23] Another story says that Siegel named the Flamingo after his girlfriend, Virginia Hill, for her red hair and long legs.[24] [25] Hill would also blush with pinkness while consuming alcohol, further evoking a flamingo.[7] [26]

An early name, Hotel Wilkerson, was used prior to Siegel's involvement. Wilkerson's son stated that the Flamingo name was thought up by his father: "He had a particular liking for exotic birds and named several of his projects after them. After considering several ideas, all variations on exotic birds, he finally settled on the Flamingo Club. That was the main working title until Siegel entered the picture." Wilkerson's son attributed the claim to his father's attorney, Greg Bautzer.[27] According to a 2013 biography of Bautzer, Wilkerson was inspired by prominent bars in New York such as the Stork Club and began thinking of birds, leading to the Flamingo name.[28] Michael Green, a history professor at the College of Southern Nevada, said "The Flamingo name probably was Billy's, because he was modeling it along the lines of the Miami Beach hotels, and the flamingo idea was prominent down there."[29]

Opening

Siegel debuted the Flamingo's casino on December 26, 1946.[30] Opening ceremonies took place over several days, with various celebrities in attendance.[31] [32] Approximately 200 VIPs to the opening each received a hand-painted ceramic flamingo statue, gifted to them by Siegel.[33]

The Flamingo was built on the Las Vegas Strip, known then as U.S. Route 91. It is sometimes credited as the first resort to open on the Strip, although it was preceded by two earlier properties: El Rancho Vegas in 1941, and Hotel Last Frontier in 1942.[34] [35] The Flamingo was, however, the first Strip resort to feature an upscale and modern design, in contrast to the western-themed El Rancho and Frontier. Of the three resorts, the Flamingo was the southernmost property at that time.[36]

The Flamingo originally lacked a hotel, which was still under construction. The casino suffered financially because of this, as gamblers stayed at its two nearby competitors. The Flamingo's casino closed on February 6, 1947, to better coordinate preparations for the hotel section. The casino reopened on March 1, 1947, coinciding with the hotel's debut.[37] [38] Siegel forced Wilkerson out of the Flamingo less than three weeks after the hotel's opening,[4] and Wilkerson rarely spoke of the property after that.

Early ownership changes (1947–1967)

Siegel was killed by an unknown shooter on June 20, 1947.[39] Shortly after his death, Sedway, Greenbaum and mobster David Berman took possession of the Flamingo.[40] Berman ran a skimming operation at the resort, on Lansky's behalf.[41] [42]

In July 1947, businessman Sanford Adler paid $3 million to purchase the Flamingo, which had been struggling financially.[43] [44] Adler and other investors soon formed a new ownership company for the resort, Flamingo Club, Inc.,[45] later known as Flamingo Hotel Corporation. In 1948, real estate developer Morris Rosen stated that he was contractually entitled to shares in the company, accusing Adler of withholding stock ownership.[46] [47] Greenbaum and other stockholders bought out Adler later that year,[48] [49] and the case between Adler and Rosen was settled.[50]

From 1955 to 1960, the property was operated by Albert Parvin of the Parvin-Dohrmann Corporation. Parvin owned 30% of the stock while businessman Harry Goldman owned 7.5%; other investors included singer Tony Martin and actor George Raft.[51] [52]

In 1960, the Flamingo was sold for $10.5 million to a group including Morris Lansburgh and Daniel Lifter, Miami residents with reputed ties to organized crime.[53] [54] [55] Lansky allegedly served as middleman for the deal, receiving $200,000.[51] The ownership group held the Flamingo for seven years. Lansky, Lansburgh, and others involved in the Flamingo would later be charged with federal tax evasion relating to the resort's income, years after selling the property.[56] [57]

A Japanese business group, led by millionaire Kenji Osano, agreed to purchase the Flamingo in 1967.[58] [59] However, due to his foreign citizenship, Osano would have faced a protracted investigation period before he could obtain a gaming license. The sale agreement was soon terminated.[60] [61]

Later years and Siegel's legacy (1967–present)

American businessman Kirk Kerkorian acquired the Flamingo in 1967,[62] [63] making it part of his International Leisure Company.[64] In 1970, Hilton Hotels Corporation bought a 44-percent interest in Kerkorian's company.[65] [66] The following year, Hilton increased its ownership stake further,[67] [68] [69] and renamed the resort as the Flamingo Hilton.[70] In 1972, Hilton bought out the remaining shares of International Leisure.[71]

Hilton executive Horst Dziura served as the resort's vice president and managing director, and later became its president.[72] He oversaw a transformation of the property during a nearly two-decade period,[73] [74] [75] with various high-rise additions being made between 1978 and 1995. The original casino structure had been long demolished by 1991. The original low-rise hotel structure, including Siegel's on-site residence, was also demolished as part of the 1995 expansion,[76] helping make way for a new pool area and animal habitat. A memorial plaque for Siegel was added to this area, and an entertainment venue was also named after him.

The 50th anniversary of Siegel's murder was not commemorated by the Flamingo Hilton, with a spokesman saying, "Although he was a founder of this property, he was certainly not a role model. We're talking about a murderer, thief and rapist -- all the things that society shouldn't aspire to be."[77] By 2000, the resort's employee dining room had been named Bugsy's Backroom Cafe.[78] A steakhouse bearing his name would open to the public two decades later.[79]

The Flamingo name has been applied to gambling operations elsewhere in Nevada, including the Flamingo Hilton Reno (1989),[80] [81] [82] and the Flamingo Hilton Laughlin (1990).[83] The name has also been used for riverboat casinos, including one opened in New Orleans (1994),[84] [85] [86] and another one in Kansas City, Missouri (1996).[87] [88]

In 1998, Hilton's gambling properties, including the Flamingo Hilton, were spun off as Park Place Entertainment (later renamed to Caesars Entertainment, Inc.). The deal included a two-year license to use the Hilton name. Park Place opted not to renew that agreement when it expired in late 2000, and the property was renamed Flamingo Las Vegas the following year.[89] In 2005, Harrah's Entertainment purchased Caesars Entertainment, Inc. and the property became part of Harrah's Entertainment. The company changed its name to Caesars Entertainment Corporation in 2010.[90]

Australian footballer John McCarthy, of the Port Adelaide Football Club, died on September 9, 2012, after falling 9m (30feet) from a rooftop of the hotel. The incident occurred at the start of a post-season holiday for McCarthy and other Port Adelaide players. They had arrived in Las Vegas only a few hours before the incident.[91] [92] [93] After reviewing evidence, police said that McCarthy had attempted to jump off the roof onto a palm tree, but fell to the ground.[94]

Property overview

The Flamingo occupies 19acres at the center of the Las Vegas Strip.[95] [96] Flamingo Road, the nearest cross-street, is named after the resort.[97] Although its original buildings have been demolished, the Flamingo remains as the oldest continuously operating resort on the Strip.[98] [99] [100] As of 2005, it had more than 4,000 employees.[101]

Wilkerson originally hired George Vernon Russell to design the project,[102] although Siegel was not impressed with him and instead hired Richard Stadelman as architect for the casino, restaurant, and shops. The hotel rooms were designed by Tom Douglas.[103] [104] [105]

The Sands resort opened on the Strip in 1952, and was considered more luxurious than the Flamingo, which began a remodeling and expansion project in response. Work concluded in 1953, increasing the casino, bar and restaurant space. The project architect was Max Horowitz, of the firm Pereira & Luckman.[106]

A $2.5 million renovation was launched in 1967, under Kerkorian's ownership. The project included more gaming space,[107] extending the resort to the sidewalk along the Strip. The casino floor was remodeled in 1992 to feature a wider array of colors, better complementing the resort's exterior. According to the project's interior designer Zoltan Kovacs, "The casino had none of the vibrancy or brightness of what we promised on the outside."[108] A $130 million expansion took place from 1994 to 1995, enlarging the casino further.[109] As of 2017, the Flamingo includes 72299square feet of gaming space.[110]

Hotel

The Flamingo opened with 105 rooms.[111] It was originally a three-story hotel,[104] [112] but included a fourth-story penthouse for Siegel,[113] who oversaw construction of the on-site residence. Because he feared for his life, the suite included four-inch-thick concrete walls.[114] [115] [116] He also had secret tunnels built into the residence, in the event that he needed to make an emergency getaway. After his death, the penthouse would be rented out to the public,[117] and the original hotel structure would become known as the Oregon wing.

The first hotel addition came in 1958, with two buildings at the rear of the property. Designed by Douglas Honnold, they both were two stories and added 92 new rooms in total.[118] [119] [120] In 1961, the Flamingo added 200 additional rooms in a four-story structure. The following year, construction began on another building with an equal height and the same number of units.[121]

The first high-rise addition, rising 28 stories and built parallel with the Strip, was completed in 1978.[122] An northward extension was finished two years later.[123] By 1983, a third addition of equal height had been completed, giving the Flamingo Hilton a total of 2,250 rooms. This made it among the world's largest hotels.[124] [125] Two more additions, also 28 stories, were completed in 1988 and 1990;[126] [127] some of the property's older low-rise hotel structures were demolished to make way for the latter addition.[128]

The final hotel expansion project required the demolition of the original Oregon wing.[129] It closed on October 17, 1993,[130] and was demolished two months later.[131] [132] The final high-rise building, with 612 rooms, was completed in January 1995.[133] The high-rise additions were designed by architect Homer Rissman.[134] A timeshare property, part of Hilton Grand Vacations,[135] was also built on the Flamingo's rear acreage during the 1994-95 expansion.[136] [137] [138] It includes a 17-story tower and two 8-story towers.[139]

The Flamingo hotel includes 3,460 rooms.[140] A 1,000-room renovation took place from 2000 to 2001, and 2,400 others were renovated in 2004. Another renovation of 2,300 rooms was completed in 2012, at a cost of $10 million.[141] Further room renovations took place from 2017 to 2018. The designer, Forrest Perkins, used gold and pink in the upgraded rooms and described them as contemporary retro-chic with a focus on the 70-year history of the Flamingo.[142] [143]

Pool and animal habitat

Upon opening, the Flamingo included a pool area surrounded by tropical landscaping. A new tropical pool area, covering 15acres, was added in the 1995 expansion; it includes a free animal habitat attraction.[144] [145] Known as the Wildlife Habitat, it covers 4acres.[146]

The Wildlife Habitat has featured numerous exotic birds throughout its history, such as Chilean flamingos, black-necked swans,[147] and pelicans.[148] It was also once the home of African penguins,[149] but they had been moved to the Dallas Zoo by 2006.[150] [151] The Wildlife Habitat has also featured water turtles and various fish,[152] [153] including catfish, grass carp, koi, and white sturgeon.[154] The habitat's animals are chosen based on their ability to adapt to the Southern Nevada climate.[155]

The resort's pool area became one of the most popular in Las Vegas following a renovation in 1999.[156] It has four pools,[157] and offers a popular dayclub, known as Go Pool, which includes DJ music.[158] [159] [160] The club launched in 2007.[161]

Neon signage

The 1953 renovation project included the addition of a "champagne tower" along the Strip, featuring neon lights depicting bubbles.[162] [163] [164] It rose more than 50 feet,[164] [165] and would remain as the tallest free-standing structure on the Strip into the next decade, eventually being eclipsed by a new sign installed at the Dunes resort in 1964.[166]

The champagne tower was demolished in 1968, when a new roadside sign was added along the Strip.[167] It was designed by Bill Clarke of Ad-Art.[168] The 120-foot-high sign was torn down in 1989, to help make way for Hilton's new O'Sheas Casino.[169] [170] A smaller version of this sign, added during the 1980s, was present along Flamingo Road until 2002.[171]

In 1976, Heath and Company was hired to revamp the facade with new neon signage, at a cost of $1.5 million. The project was overseen by Raul Rodriguez, a designer at Heath.[172] [173] [174] Rodriguez initially struggled for creative inspiration, as the Flamingo lacked a theme other than its namesake bird, on which he would ultimately base his design.[175] The project was completed in 1977.[176] It included prominent neon signs depicting flamingo plumage, in addition to neon flamingos against a mirrored backdrop.[168] [177]

Other features

For teenage visitors, the Flamingo added its 7-11 Club in 1960, named for its hours of operation during the evening.[178] A convention hall was added the following year.[179] The present-day Flamingo includes 73000square feet of meeting space, which underwent a $6.5 million renovation in 2017.[180]

By 1988, the Flamingo had six restaurants, including a buffet. The 167-seat Burger Joint opened in 2010,[181] and was replaced two years later by Center Cut Steakhouse.[182] The latter closed in 2019,[183] and opened a year later as Bugsy & Meyer's Steakhouse, named after Siegel and Lansky.[183] [184] [185] It includes a hidden speakeasy-style bar.[186] Television personality Lisa Vanderpump is scheduled to open Pinky's in mid-2024, marking her third restaurant on the Strip.[187] Chef Gordon Ramsay will also open his seventh Strip restaurant, Gordon Ramsay Burger, around the same time.[188]

In December 2003, the resort added a Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville restaurant and gift shop, located along the Strip.[189] [190] Its construction required the removal of two prior restaurants.[191] An adjacent Margaritaville "minicasino", with 15000square feet of gaming space, was opened in October 2011, replacing Steakhouse 46.[192] [193] The addition cost $10 million, and featured 220 slot machines and 22 table games.[194] The Margaritaville casino operated until 2018,[195] and the restaurant closed, as planned,[196] on May 30, 2024.[197]

Live entertainment

Jimmy Durante and Rose Marie performed on opening night, and the latter became a frequent entertainer there in the years to follow.[198] [199] Other notable early performers included Tony Martin,[200] Lena Horne, Louis Armstrong,[201] and Della Reese.[202] Wayne Newton became a headliner at the Flamingo in 1963,[203] and had a residency there during 2006.[204] He began another residency in 2022.[205] [206] [207] Comedian George Wallace also entertained at the Flamingo during the 2000s.[204]

In 1963, Bobby Darin recorded his live album The Curtain Falls: Live at the Flamingo, which went un-released until 2000.[208] Bill Cosby recorded his third comedy album, titled Why Is There Air?, at the resort in 1965.[209] Singer Tom Jones also recorded a live album there, titled Tom Jones Live in Las Vegas and released in 1969.[210] [211]

In June 1965, Fats Domino recorded his live album Fats Domino '65 at the Flamingo.

Flamingo Showroom

The primary entertainment venue is the 780-seat Flamingo Showroom.[212] City Lites, an ice-skating show, opened there in 1981.[213] [214] The initial budget was approximately $1 million. The show proved to be popular,[215] running until 1995. It was replaced by The Great Radio City Spectacular, a dance show starring the Rockettes and Susan Anton, which ran for five years.[216] [217] [218] Bottoms Up, a long-running local show featuring topless dancers, debuted at the Flamingo Showroom in 2000, and ran for four years.[219]

A show by songwriter Rita Abrams, based on the book Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, had a 10-month run in the showroom, ending in 2001.[220] Gladys Knight & the Pips played the venue from 2002 to 2005,[221] and singer Toni Braxton had a show there from 2006 to 2008 titled , the show eventually closed due to Braxton's health problems.[222] [223] [224]

Brother-sister musical duo Donny and Marie Osmond opened in the showroom in September 2008,[225] helping the Flamingo stay profitable amid the Great Recession.[226] The show was originally intended for a six-week run, but was continually extended due to its popularity.[227] [228] After five years, the venue was renamed the Donny & Marie Showroom.[229] [230] They ended their residency in November 2019,[230] [231] after 1,730 performances.[232]

Following the Osmonds' departure, the venue name was changed back to the Flamingo Showroom. RuPaul's Drag Race Live! debuted there in January 2020, featuring drag queens who once competed on RuPaul's Drag Race and RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars, including Aquaria, Derrick Barry, and Yvie Oddly.[233] [234] The show surpassed 700 performances in 2024.

Other residencies in the showroom have included singer Olivia Newton-John, whose show Summer Nights ran from April 2014 through December 2016.[235] [236] [237] Keith Sweat began a residency in 2017, titled Keith Sweat: Last Forever.[238] Paula Abdul had a residency from 2019 to 2020, with her Forever Your Girl production.[239]

Bugsy's Cabaret

A 230-seat venue, Bugsy's Celebrity Theatre, was added as part of an expansion in 1992. It is named after Siegel,[240] [241] [242] and was later renamed Bugsy's Cabaret.[243] A musical, Forever Plaid, ended its six-year run at the theater in 2001, after more than 3,500 performances.[244] [245] It was replaced by The Second City, an improvisational comedy group with a rotating cast of performers. The Second City debuted in 2001,[246] [247] and ran for several years.[248] [249]

X Burlesque, featuring female dancers, opened at the theater in 2007.[250] [251] Piff the Magic Dragon, a comedic entertainer, has performed at the Flamingo since 2015,[252] initially using the same stage as X Burlesque. The venue was renamed after Piff in 2019,[253] [254] until he moved to the main showroom a year later.[255] Piff's sidekicks include showgirl and spouse Jade Simone, and a chihuahua named Mr. Piffles.[256] [257]

In popular culture

Film

The Flamingo made numerous film appearances in its early years, including The Invisible Wall (1947),[258] The Lady Gambles (1949), My Friend Irma Goes West (1950),[259] The Las Vegas Story (1952),[260] and The Girl Rush (1955).[261]

In Ocean's 11 (1960), the Flamingo is one of five Las Vegas casinos to be robbed by the main characters.[262] The resort also appears in a flashback sequence in the 2001 remake.[263] Viva Las Vegas (1964) includes prominent footage of the Flamingo's pool area.[264] The resort later appeared in Elvira: Mistress of the Dark (1988).[265]

The 1991 film Bugsy, starring Warren Beatty, depicted Siegel's involvement in the construction of the Flamingo, though many of the details were altered for dramatic effect. For instance, in the film, Siegel originates the idea of the Flamingo, instead of buying ownership from Wilkerson, and is killed after the first opening in 1946, rather than the second opening in 1947.[266] The film helped popularize the myth of Siegel as the Flamingo's true visionary.[267] [268] The original Flamingo was recreated for the film through sets, based on research such as historic photographs.[269]

Television

The Flamingo Hilton is featured prominently in the opening montage of the television series Vega$ (1978–1981).[270] The series Lilyhammer (2012–2014) also features a nightclub in Lillehammer, Norway, named the Flamingo. During its construction, character Frank Tagliano references Siegel and the hotel-casino as his inspiration for the nightclub.[271]

Literature

Hunter S. Thompson and Oscar Zeta Acosta stayed at the Flamingo while attending a seminar by the National Conference of District Attorneys on Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs held at the Dunes Hotel across the street. Several of their experiences in their room are depicted in Thompson's 1971 novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.[272]

The Flamingo figures prominently in the 1992 novel Last Call by Tim Powers. In the novel, the Flamingo is supposedly founded on Siegel's mythical/mystical paranoia of being pursued and killed for his archetypal position as the "King of the West", known mythologically as "Fisher King". Supposedly the Flamingo itself was meant to be a real-life personification of "The Tower" card of the tarot deck.[273] [274]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Close to Quarter Million Dollar Realty Sales in Vegas Area Told . Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal . November 18, 1944 . January 6, 2024 . subscription.
  2. News: Evans . K.J. . C.P. Squires . January 7, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 7, 1999.
  3. News: Rancho Aloha Open for Trade . Las Vegas Review-Journal . April 27, 1945 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  4. News: Przybys . John . New Mob Museum display sheds light on Flamingo hotel history . January 10, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . December 15, 2020.
  5. Book: Lewis, Jon . Hard-Boiled Hollywood: Crime and Punishment in Postwar Los Angeles . 2017 . University of California Press . 70 . 9780520284326 .
  6. News: Manning . Mary . Desert highway turned destination . January 11, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . May 15, 2008.
  7. Book: Shnayerson , Michael . Bugsy Siegel: The Dark Side of the American Dream . 2021 . January 11, 2024 . Yale University Press . 116–135 . 978-0-300-22619-5.
  8. News: Million Dollar Resort Underway In Las Vegas . Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal . March 19, 1946 . January 6, 2024 . subscription.
  9. News: Vegas Permits Near Million . Reno Evening Gazette . March 26, 1946 . January 7, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  10. Book: Burbank, Jeff . Las Vegas Babylon: The True Tales of Glitter, Glamour, and Greed . 2008 . M. Evans . 978-1-4616-6308-9 . 69–71 . January 12, 2024.
  11. News: Hawley . Tom . Video Vault Profile of a mobster and his ties to Las Vegas . KSNV . July 11, 2018.
  12. News: Del Webb helped establish Vegas while making mark on pro sports . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . March 16, 1997.
  13. News: Hopkins . A.D. . Del E. Webb . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 7, 1999.
  14. News: Hyman . Harold . Builder Del E. Webb Dies . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . July 5, 1974.
  15. News: Bernstein . Sharon . Bugsy I : So Vegas Wasn't His Idea and He Was a Bigot to Boot . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . March 29, 1992.
  16. News: Las Vegas Lore . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . March 17, 1996.
  17. News: Deskin . Ruthe . Book corrects story of Vegas & Bugsy . January 10, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . March 23, 2000.
  18. News: Johnson . Erskine . Erskine Johnson . Hollywood Writer Describes City At Helldorado . Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal . . May 27, 1946 . January 11, 2024 . subscription . Barbara Hutton, they say, is sinking a small fortune into the half-completed Flamingo, which will be a gilt casino with hotel attached..
  19. News: Gage . Nicholas . Questions Are Raised On Lucky Luciano Book . January 11, 2024 . The New York Times . December 17, 1974.
  20. News: Gage . Nicholas . F.B.I. Tells Agents Not to Trust Book on Luciano . January 11, 2024 . The New York Times . March 14, 1975.
  21. Book: Gosch . Martin . Hammer . Richard . The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words . 1975 . Enigma Books . 978-1-936274-58-1 . 2013 . January 11, 2024.
  22. Book: Tosches, Nick . Dino: Living High in the Dirty Business of Dreams . 1993 . Random House Publishing Group . 978-0-385-33429-7 . 200 . 1999 . January 11, 2024.
  23. News: Moore . Judith . How mobsters made their move on San Diego . January 11, 2024 . San Diego Reader . January 2, 1997.
  24. News: Eastman . Janet . Weekend Escape: Las Vegas : Looking for Luxe : In the right places along the Strip, the glitz and glamour of Bugsy's era can still be found . January 11, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . November 5, 1995 . The hotel was named by Bugsy, legend goes, either after the pink birds at Florida's Hialeah Park or his long-limbed girlfriend..
  25. Web site: Prevatt . Mike . The Flamingo, which ushered in Las Vegas glamour and gangsters, turns 75 . KNPR . January 11, 2024 . December 10, 2021 . Siegel named the property after his girlfriend Virginia Hill — whose nickname was 'The Flamingo' because of her red hair and long legs [...].
  26. News: Healy . Patrick . Cold Case: How a Babe May Have Helped the Mob Rub Out Bugsy . January 11, 2024 . NBC . February 10, 2012.
  27. Web site: Levitan . Corey . Vegas Myths We Couldn't Bust in 2023 . Casino.org . January 11, 2024 . January 1, 2024.
  28. Book: Gladstone, B. James . The Man Who Seduced Hollywood: The Life and Loves of Greg Bautzer, Tinseltown's Most Powerful Lawyer . 2013 . Chicago Review Press . 978-1-61374-582-3 . 83–91 . January 11, 2024.
  29. News: Levitan . Corey . Seven classic Sin City tales fail to stand up to inspection . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . March 15, 2009.
  30. News: Williams . Wally . Flamingo Resort Hotel Jammed at Opening . Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal . December 27, 1946 . January 6, 2024 . subscription.
  31. News: Flamingo Opens With Loud Fanfare . Las Vegas Age . December 29, 1946 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  32. News: Odd Combine Runs Flamingo At Las Vegas . The Gazette . January 1, 1947 . January 10, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  33. News: Lane . Taylor . Mobsters' artifacts to be sold at auction . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . June 14, 2022.
  34. News: Morrison . Jane Ann . City officials' view of historical 'facts' needs fix, as do downtown plaques . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . August 25, 2007.
  35. Web site: Hofstede . David . Vegas Then and Now . Cowboys & Indians . January 8, 2024 . December 2012.
  36. News: Llewellyn . Amanda . Photographic exhibit details the man who invented Las Vegas . View News . April 8, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080615194247/http://www.viewnews.com/2008/VIEW-Apr-08-Tue-2008/CentennialHills/20602279.html . June 15, 2008.
  37. News: Flamingo Hotel Plans Gala Opening March 1 . Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal . February 5, 1947 . January 9, 2024 . subscription.
  38. News: Flamingo Resort Hotel Holds Official Opening Saturday . Las Vegas Age . March 2, 1947 . January 9, 2024 . subscription.
  39. News: O'Neill . Ann W. . Who Killed Bugsy Siegel? 50 Years Later, Still a Mystery . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . June 20, 1997.
  40. Book: Wilkerson III, W. R. . The Man Who Invented Las Vegas . Ciro's Books . 2000 . 111, 115.
  41. Web site: Rake . Launce . Arrest in Beverly Hills murder has ties to Las Vegas Mob history . The Mob Museum . January 11, 2024 . March 17, 2015.
  42. Book: Gragg, Larry D. . Becoming America's Playground: Las Vegas in the 1950s . 2019 . University of Oklahoma Press . 978-0-8061-6585-1 . 131 . January 11, 2024.
  43. News: Flamingo Sold To Las Vegas Hotel Operator . Reno Evening Gazette . Associated Press . July 12, 1947 . January 9, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  44. News: Free Plane Rides from L. A. to Vegas . Daily News . July 16, 1947 . January 9, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  45. News: Flamingo Club Is Incorporated . Reno Evening Gazette . July 16, 1947 . January 9, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  46. News: Flamingo Corporation Asked to Deliver 7,500 Shares . Nevada State Journal . February 28, 1948 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  47. News: Seeks Control Of Flamingo . Reno Evening Gazette . April 3, 1948 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  48. News: Adler Offers His Share of Flamingo Club . Reno Evening Gazette . April 16, 1948 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  49. Web site: Schwartz . David G. . The Kefauver hearing in Las Vegas . The Mob Museum . January 15, 2024 . November 10, 2020 . After a dispute with Rosen, Adler sold his 49 percent share of Flamingo Hotel (in a transaction brokered by Wiener and Jones) and departed for Northern Nevada..
  50. News: Flamingo Hotel Control Settled . Reno Evening Gazette . May 28, 1948 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  51. News: Heller. Jean. Funds For Parvin Foundation Came From Flamingo Hotel Sale. August 29, 2016. The Evening Sun. Hanover, Pennsylvania. October 30, 1969. 29. Newspapers.com. registration . Harry Goldman, Parvin's partner in Parvin-Dohrmann—a multimillion-a-year hotel supply business in Los Angeles—held 7 percent. Other stockholders included singer Tony Martin and actor George Raft..
  52. News: Las Vegas Deluged By 'Gold Rush' After Removal Of Bugsy Siegel . Arizona Republic . January 26, 1955 . January 9, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  53. News: Mobster key man in hotel sale . September 8, 2011 . St. Petersburg Independent . October 22, 1969 .
  54. News: Flamingo Hotel Sold; 3 Miami Investors Buy Major Interest in Las Vegas Spot . January 11, 2024 . The New York Times . May 30, 1960.
  55. Book: Balboni, Alan . Beyond the Mafia: Italian Americans and the development of Las Vegas . 2006 . University of Nevada Press . 62 . January 11, 2024 . 9780874176810 .
  56. News: Lansky Indicted by Las Vegas Jury . January 11, 2024 . The New York Times . October 23, 1971.
  57. News: Trial on Profits in Casino Delayed . January 11, 2024 . The New York Times . February 4, 1973.
  58. News: Japanese Buy Flamingo In Las Vegas . The Sacramento Bee . January 12, 1967 . January 10, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  59. News: Osano Buys Hotel on Las Vegas Strip . Honolulu Advertiser . January 13, 1967 . January 10, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  60. News: Osano faces 'no dice' in Las Vegas . Honolulu Star-Bulletin . February 11, 1967 . January 10, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  61. News: Osano withdraws from Las Vegas hotel deal . Honolulu Star-Bulletin . April 12, 1967 . January 10, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  62. Web site: Nevada Gaming Abstract - MGM MIRAGE Company Profile . March 26, 2007 . March 1, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301152235/https://gaming.unlv.edu/abstract/fin_mgm.html . dead .
  63. News: Flamingo Hotel Is Obtained in $12.5-Million Deal . January 8, 2024 . The New York Times . August 15, 1967.
  64. News: Companies buying Las Vegas casinos . Arizona Republic . November 11, 1968 . January 10, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  65. News: Kerkorian to sell control hotels on the Strip . Reno Gazette-Journal . Associated Press . July 15, 1970 . January 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  66. News: Hilton Corp. to acquire casino stock . Reno Gazette-Journal . Associated Press . March 12, 1971 . January 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com.
  67. News: Hilton Hotels to buy more casino stock . Reno Gazette-Journal . Associated Press . June 30, 1971 . January 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  68. News: Hilton buys million shares from Kerkorian . Reno Gazette-Journal . August 20, 1971 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  69. News: Merger plan is approved by directors . Reno Gazette-Journal . December 2, 1971 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  70. Web site: Anderson . Allan . A Brief History of the Flamingo Hotel/Casino . Casino Chip and Token News . January 15, 2024 . 2001.
  71. News: Hilton-Leisure merger approved . Reno Gazette-Journal . Associated Press . March 3, 1972 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  72. News: Horst Dziura president of Flamingo Hilton . Los Angeles Times . March 15, 1987 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  73. News: Dretzka . Gary . The Flamingo: 50 Years After . January 15, 2024 . Chicago Tribune . December 22, 1996.
  74. News: Flamingo Hilton chief retires . January 15, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . June 30, 1999.
  75. News: Velotta . Richard N. . Longtime Flamingo executive Horst Dziura remembered as pioneer, mentor . January 15, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . April 5, 2020.
  76. News: Harvey . Steve . Bugs removal . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . October 20, 1993.
  77. News: Morrison . Jane Ann . The Violent End . Las Vegas Review-Journal . June 20, 1997 . https://web.archive.org/web/20000607150414/http://www.lvrj.com/lvrj_home/1997/Jun-20-Fri-1997/news/5561866.html . June 7, 2000.
  78. News: Padgett . Sonya . Hotel employee dining rooms designed to keep workers, customers happy . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 8, 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010624224509/http://www.lvrj.com/lvrj_home/2000/Nov-08-Wed-2000/living/14743104.html . June 24, 2001.
  79. News: Lochhead . Colton . The Flamingo, one of Strip's most iconic resorts, turns 75 . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . December 25, 2021.
  80. News: Flamingo Comedy Club debuts in Hilton showroom . Reno Gazette-Journal . June 29, 1989 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  81. News: Flamingo Hilton plans parade for reopening . Reno Gazette-Journal . June 30, 1989 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  82. News: Flamingo Hilton Reno gets into the pink of things . Reno Gazette-Journal . July 4, 1989 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  83. News: Flamingo Hilton to open doors Aug. 1 . The Arizona Republic . July 22, 1990 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  84. News: N.O. casino to be revamped . The Town Talk . August 5, 1994 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  85. News: Louisiana Orleans gambling boats stay docked in political storm . The Daily Advertiser . November 24, 1994 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  86. News: Casino closed, court battle continues . January 11, 2024 . UPI . October 1, 1997.
  87. News: Sanchez . Jesus . Missing the Boat: Controversy Over Hilton's Flamingo Casino Stalls Its Opening . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . October 17, 1996.
  88. News: Hilton replacing president of struggling Flamingo casino . January 11, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . May 29, 1997.
  89. News: Three Nevada casinos dropping 'Hilton' name . September 8, 2011 . Las Vegas Sun . August 15, 2000 .
  90. News: Stutz . Howard . Harrah's Entertainment becomes Caesars Entertainment Corp. . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 23, 2010.
  91. Web site: Statement: John McCarthy . September 10, 2012 . Port Adelaide Football Club . September 10, 2012 .
  92. News: AFL footballer John McCarthy dies in Las Vegas . September 10, 2012 . The Sydney Morning Herald . September 10, 2012 .
  93. News: No suspicious circumstances in John McCarthy's Las Vegas death, says coroner . The Australian . September 11, 2012 . September 11, 2012 . Walsh . Courtney .
  94. News: AFL footballer John McCarthy aimed for palm tree in roof jump as 'deeply shocked' Port Adelaide players arrive home after teammate's tragic death in Las Vegas . Drill . Stephen . Langmaid . Adrian . September 12, 2012 . Herald Sun . September 12, 2012 .
  95. News: Question of the Day . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Advisor . September 21, 2019.
  96. News: Radke . Brock . Viva Flamingo: While lovely little new things arrive, the oldest Strip spot turns 70 . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Weekly . December 28, 2016.
  97. News: Street-smart author digs up interesting facts about names . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . July 5, 2009.
  98. News: The Flamingo turns 75: History of the Vegas Strip's oldest operating casino . January 14, 2024 . KTNV . December 27, 2021.
  99. Web site: Simpson . Brian . Don't Let Your Vegas Clients Have NV Envy . Travel Pulse . January 8, 2024 . December 17, 2017.
  100. Web site: Heilman . Jeff . These Nevada Group Venues Have Stood the Test of Time . Meetings Today . January 8, 2024 . December 15, 2021.
  101. Bilger . Burkhard . The Egg Men: How breakfast gets served at the Flamingo hotel in Las Vegas . January 15, 2024 . The New Yorker . August 28, 2005.
  102. Book: Wharton, Annabel Jane . Architectural Agents: The Delusional, Abusive, Addictive Lives of Buildings . 2015 . U of Minnesota Press . 978-1-4529-4339-8 . January 7, 2024.
  103. Book: Gragg, Larry D. . Bugsy's Shadow: Moe Sedway, "Bugsy" Siegel, and the Birth of Organized Crime in Las Vegas . 2023 . University of New Mexico Press . 76 . 978-0-8263-6516-3 . January 11, 2024.
  104. Book: Gragg, Larry D. . Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel: The Gangster, the Flamingo, and the Making of Modern Las Vegas . 2015 . Bloomsbury Publishing USA . 978-1-4408-0186-0 . 93, 95 . January 12, 2024.
  105. Web site: Wilkerson's Idea, Bugsy's Baby . The Mob Museum . January 11, 2024 . December 21, 2017.
  106. News: Dice Still Roll in Casino . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 22, 1953 . January 7, 2024 . subscription.
  107. News: Flamingo Hofei Gets $2 1/2 Million Face Lift . Valley Times . November 8, 1967 . January 11, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  108. News: Gorman . Tom . With Castles and Casinos, Pirates and Pyramids, The New Las Vegas is Betting On High-Stakes Style . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . December 12, 1993.
  109. News: Vegas' Flamingo 'a real class joint' . Arizona Daily Star . November 5, 1995 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  110. Web site: Listing of Financial Statements Square Footage (2017 data). March 6, 2018. Nevada Gaming Control Board. January 12, 2024. 4. June 20, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620232017/https://gaming.nv.gov/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=3428. dead.
  111. News: Gardner . Chuck . Local View: 'What mob?' . Las Vegas Mercury . February 14, 2002 . https://web.archive.org/web/20020616023456/http://www.lasvegasmercury.com/2002/MERC-Feb-14-Thu-2002/18050993.html . June 16, 2002.
  112. Book: Moreno, Richard . Mysteries and Legends of Nevada: True Stories of the Unsolved and Unexplained . 2010 . Rowman & Littlefield . 978-1-4617-4727-7 . 138 . January 14, 2024.
  113. Book: Ainlay . Thomas . Gabaldon . Judy Dixon . Las Vegas: The Fabulous First Century . 2003 . Arcadia Publishing . 978-0-7385-2416-0 . 100 . January 14, 2024.
  114. News: Macy . Robert . Hotel That Bugsy Built Celebrates Its 50th . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . January 12, 1997.
  115. News: Weissenstein . Michael . 'Bugsy' Siegel's home or aging bungalow? . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 5, 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20020108042116/http://www.lvrj.com/lvrj_home/2001/Feb-05-Mon-2001/news/15366192.html . January 8, 2002 . The famously paranoid mobster's completed Flamingo living quarters had 4-inch-thick concrete walls..
  116. News: Harasim . Paul . Demolition concerns history buffs . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 4, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070211222115/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2007/Feb-04-Sun-2007/news/12367410.html . February 11, 2007 . What helped drive up the cost was Siegel's obsession with security. Four-inch-thick concrete walls were reinforced by steel brought in from military shipyards, presumably to stop bullets from machine-gun toting rivals..
  117. News: 'Bugsy' Siegel's Flamingo a High Flier in Hotel Circles . January 15, 2024 . The Morning Call . January 19, 1992.
  118. Book: Hess, Alan . Googie Redux: Ultramodern Roadside Architecture . 2004 . Chronicle Books . 978-0-8118-4272-3 . 165 . January 7, 2024.
  119. News: Flamingo Opens 92 New Rooms . Las Vegas Review-Journal . August 31, 1958 . January 9, 2024 . subscription.
  120. News: Flamingo Expands . Reno Evening Gazette . August 30, 1958 . January 9, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  121. News: Flamingo To Dedicate Addition . Las Vegas Review-Journal . October 10, 1962 . January 8, 2024 . subscription.
  122. News: Hilton Hotel Corp. In Highest Earnings . Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph . April 16, 1978 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  123. News: Flamingo addition to be completed by June 15 . Los Angeles Times . June 1, 1980 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  124. News: About Las Vegas . Naples Daily News . February 6, 1983 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  125. News: A Changing Las Vegas: The Strip . News-Pilot . May 10, 1986 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  126. News: Flamingo Hilton finishes tower with 728 rooms . Los Angeles Times . May 27, 1990 . January 7, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  127. News: Flamingo Hilton offers 'Pull for a Million' deal . The Desert Sun . June 10, 1989 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  128. News: Hotels cater to all ranges of high rollers . Honolulu Star-Bulletin . May 14, 1989 . January 7, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  129. News: Expansion Update . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 9, 1993 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  130. News: Brown . Patricia . Las Vegas History Falls To Demolition, Sparking Preservation Debate . Chicago Tribune . October 31, 1993 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518183236/https://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-31/business/9310310372_1_flamingo-hilton-demolition-dunes-hotel . May 18, 2015.
  131. News: Robertson . Alonza . Progress razes Siegel's 'fortress' . Las Vegas Review-Journal . December 15, 1993 . January 15, 2024 . subscription.
  132. News: Hawley . Tom . Video Vault Bugsy Siegel builds the Flamingo in Las Vegas . January 15, 2024 . KSNV . July 10, 2019.
  133. News: Vegas Flamingo adds 612 rooms . Reno Gazette-Journal . October 15, 1994 . January 7, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  134. News: Manning . Mary . Koch . Ed . Rissman, architect of Strip hotels, dies of cancer at 74 . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . October 4, 2001.
  135. News: Smith . Hubble . Hilton adds third Las Vegas time share . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 6, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040401164020/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Feb-06-Fri-2004/business/23159126.html . April 1, 2004.
  136. News: Hilton bets on Vegas time-shares . Las Vegas Review-Journal . Associated Press . February 2, 1993 . January 15, 2024 . subscription.
  137. News: Timeshare plan breaks new ground . Las Vegas Review-Journal . October 27, 1994 . January 15, 2024 . subscription.
  138. News: Hyman Construction Wins Contract to Expand Flamingo in Las Vegas . Los Angeles Times . January 26, 1994 . January 15, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  139. Web site: Hilton Grand Vacations Club at the Flamingo South Tower . SkyscraperPage.com . January 22, 2024.
  140. Web site: Flamingo property overview . Caesars Entertainment . January 15, 2024 . 7 . Flamingo Las Vegas offers 3,460 guestrooms and suites..
  141. News: Stutz . Howard . Flamingo begins remodeling most of its 3,500 rooms . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 21, 2011.
  142. News: Prince . Todd . Caesars plans $90M upgrade for Flamingo Las Vegas . January 11, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . May 18, 2017.
  143. News: Schulz . Bailey . Bunk bed rooms coming to Las Vegas Strip hotel . January 11, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . December 11, 2018.
  144. News: Penguins at the Flamingo . The Honolulu Advertiser . March 24, 1996 . January 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  145. News: Making a Splash: Cool Pools . Las Vegas Review-Journal . July 2, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060704200331/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Jul-02-Sun-2006/living/7739381.html . July 4, 2006.
  146. News: Credico . Mark . Lions, sharks and flamingos, oh my! 6 spots to see wildlife in the valley . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . July 10, 2023.
  147. News: Baude . Dawn-Michelle . Where to find an oasis of serenity away from the bright lights of Las Vegas . January 12, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . October 24, 2015.
  148. News: Shoro . Mike . Flamingo's Wildlife Habitat offers a break from the Strip . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . September 17, 2019.
  149. News: McGee . Kimberley . Love on the rocks: Penguin paramours populate Flamingo Las Vegas' habitat . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . April 16, 2002.
  150. News: Question of the Day . January 15, 2024 . Las Vegas Advisor . October 6, 2006.
  151. Book: Crystal . Wood . Leah . Koepp . Explorer's Guide Las Vegas: A Great Destination . July 14, 2017 . September 14, 2011 . Countryman Press . 978-1-58157-910-9 . 96– .
  152. News: The Flamingo Hilton's Habitat is Habit Forming . San Francisco Examiner . July 20, 1997 . January 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  153. News: Komenda . Ed . Flamingos live on the Las Vegas Strip. Here's a peek inside their habitat. . January 12, 2024 . Reno Gazette Journal . July 31, 2019.
  154. News: Przybys . John . Flamingo Wildlife Habitat brings touch of nature to the Strip . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . April 29, 2018.
  155. News: Flamingo Hilton goes to birds with a new tropical oasis . Los Angeles Times . September 10, 1995 . January 14, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  156. News: Smith . Rod . Nevadan at Work: Lorenzo Creighton; President, Flamingo Las Vegas . Las Vegas Review-Journal . October 24, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20041030142814/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Oct-24-Sun-2004/business/24992161.html . October 30, 2004.
  157. News: Gould . Lark Ellen . Suit up: Last one in's a boiled egg . January 12, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . August 5, 2007.
  158. News: Przybys . John . Flamingo Las Vegas' Go Pool has contests, other events to boost fun factor . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . July 1, 2011.
  159. News: Las Vegas' 11 best hotel pools . January 14, 2024 . ABC News . July 5, 2018.
  160. News: Miyasato . Kiko . Jump into fun at GO Pool . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Magazine . August 30, 2019.
  161. News: Busting Out . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . May 29, 2007.
  162. Book: Moruzzi, Peter . Greetings from Las Vegas . 2019 . Gibbs Smith . 978-1-4236-5177-2 . January 7, 2024.
  163. News: Mammouth New Flamingo Sign . Las Vegas Review-Journal . September 24, 1953 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  164. News: Tower Turn'er On'er . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 12, 1953 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  165. Book: Lu, Duanfang . The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Architectural History . 2023 . Taylor & Francis . 978-1-317-37925-6 . 381 . January 7, 2024.
  166. News: Crosby . Gregory . Tales of Vegas Past: Signs of the times . Las Vegas Mercury . November 14, 2002 . https://web.archive.org/web/20021210045235/http://www.lasvegasmercury.com/2002/MERC-Nov-14-Thu-2002/20051130.html . December 10, 2002.
  167. News: The New and the Old . Las Vegas Review-Journal . July 8, 1968 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  168. Web site: Neon Survey: Sunset to Sahara . University of Nevada, Las Vegas . https://web.archive.org/web/20210617232708/https://gaming.unlv.edu/v_museum/neon_survey/surveys/Flamingo.html . June 17, 2021.
  169. News: Coming Down . Las Vegas Review-Journal . March 18, 1989 . January 15, 2024 . subscription.
  170. News: News . Las Vegas Review-Journal . March 22, 1989 . January 15, 2024 . subscription.
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  172. News: Heath, Hilton contract on Flamingo lighting . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 24, 1976 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  173. News: Mai-Duc . Christine . Raul Rodriguez, designer of Rose Parade floats, dies at 71 . January 11, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . February 19, 2015.
  174. Web site: Designs Decoded: Technical Drawings from Federal Heath . Neon Museum . January 10, 2024 . April 28, 2020.
  175. Web site: The Flamingo Finds Its Feathers: How Raul Rodriguez Created One of Las Vegas' Most Enduring Symbols . Neon Museum . January 14, 2024 . April 6, 2020.
  176. News: New Strip Landmark . Las Vegas Review-Journal . June 27, 1977 . January 11, 2024 . subscription.
  177. Book: Chase . John . Montag . Warren . Glitter Stucco & Dumpster Diving: Reflections on Building Production in the Vernacular City . 2000 . Verso . 978-1-85984-807-4 . 127 . January 10, 2024.
  178. News: Flamingo Plans Teenage Club . Las Vegas Review-Journal . June 26, 1960 . January 8, 2024 . subscription.
  179. News: Flying Fashions . Las Vegas Review-Journal . March 29, 1961 . January 9, 2024 . subscription.
  180. News: Moore . Thomas . Flamingo completes $6.5 million renovation of meeting center . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . August 3, 2017.
  181. News: Hamburger celebrated in many ways at Flamingo . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . May 11, 2010.
  182. News: Sylvester . Ron . New steakhouse, Carlos'n Charlie's franchise coming to Flamingo . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . March 1, 2012.
  183. News: Hiller . Michael . Flamingo Las Vegas to launch new steakhouse that channels its gangster past . January 8, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . December 20, 2019.
  184. News: Knapp Rinella . Heidi . New Las Vegas steakhouse Bugsy & Meyer's to finally open . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . June 25, 2020.
  185. News: Durano . Genevie . Bugsy & Meyer's Steakhouse at the Flamingo pays homage to Las Vegas' past . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Weekly . August 6, 2020.
  186. Web site: Stapleton . Susan . Meet the Secret Speakeasy Dubbed the Count Room Live Inside Bugsy & Meyer's Steakhouse . Eater . January 8, 2024 . February 10, 2022.
  187. News: Wright . Johnathan L. . Lisa Vanderpump thinks pink with her newest Strip restaurant . January 8, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 3, 2023.
  188. News: Wright . Johnathan L. . Gordon Ramsay's new restaurant announces name, opening date . June 20, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . November 20, 2023.
  189. News: Margaritaville opens at Flamingo . September 8, 2011 . Las Vegas Sun . December 15, 2003 .
  190. News: Patterson . Spencer . Buffett treats devotees to party at Flamingo . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . January 23, 2004.
  191. News: Stevens . Muriel . Flamingo's newest diverse and delicious . January 12, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . November 7, 2003.
  192. News: Margaritaville Casino to hire 250 workers . September 8, 2011 . Las Vegas Sun . August 16, 2011 .
  193. News: Sieroty . Chris . Margaritaville-themed gaming area planned for Flamingo . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . May 26, 2011.
  194. News: Stutz . Howard . No more wasting away: Margaritaville casino expansion serves two purposes . March 22, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . September 29, 2011.
  195. Web site: Margaritaville Casino at Flamingo to be rebranded . VegasChanges . March 22, 2024 . September 1, 2018.
  196. News: Wright . Johnathan L. . Margaritaville closing after more than 20 years on Las Vegas Strip . March 22, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . March 20, 2024.
  197. Web site: Margaritaville Closes, Country Venue is Moving In Next . casino.org . Vital Vegas . 2 June 2024.
  198. News: Hotel took root in desert . Golden Rain News . September 1, 1988 . January 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  199. Web site: Knightly . Marcy . Rose Marie, who performed at the Flamingo opening in 1946, remembers it well . The Mob Museum . January 13, 2024 . November 3, 2017.
  200. News: Thomas . Bob . Singer Tony Martin, 'the ultimate crooner,' dies . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . Associated Press . July 31, 2012.
  201. News: Swanston . Brenna . History of the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas . January 13, 2024 . USA Today . March 15, 2018.
  202. News: Della is Irked at Hamp, Darin . The Bridgeport Post . August 24, 1962 . January 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  203. News: Katsilometes . John . 'I would have to get a real job': Wayne Newton extends Flamingo residency . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . August 30, 2023.
  204. News: Weatherford . Mike . Newton, Wallace have little in common aside from the same showroom . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 3, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060901133906/http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Feb-03-Fri-2006/weekly/5652439.html . September 1, 2006.
  205. News: Radke . Brock . Wayne Newton is back to guide audiences through his legendary career in Las Vegas . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Magazine . January 28, 2022.
  206. News: Katsilometes . John . 'Mr. Las Vegas' Wayne Newton extends Flamingo production . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . May 16, 2023.
  207. News: della Cava . Marco . You can see Wayne Newton perform in Las Vegas into 2024, but never at a karaoke bar . January 13, 2024 . USA Today . August 29, 2023.
  208. Web site: Bobby Darin - The Curtain Falls: Live at the Flamingo . AllMusic . January 8, 2024.
  209. Web site: Why Is There Air? . AllMusic . January 11, 2024.
  210. Book: McKay, Janis L. . Played Out on the Strip: The Rise and Fall of Las Vegas Casino Bands . 2016 . University of Nevada Press . 978-1-943859-03-0 . January 8, 2024.
  211. Book: Zoglin, Richard . Elvis in Vegas: How the King Reinvented the Las Vegas Show . 2020 . Simon and Schuster . 978-1-5011-5120-0 . 164 . January 8, 2024.
  212. Web site: Shulman . Michael . How Vegas Residencies Became a Billion-Dollar Business . Business Traveler USA . August 4, 2023 . May 30, 2024.
  213. News: Showmen who created 'Razzle Dazzle' team up to produce 'City-Lites' at the Flamingo Hilton . Los Angeles Times . November 8, 1981 . January 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  214. News: 'City Lites' Sparkles On Stage At The Flamingo Hilton . The Arizona Republic . May 30, 1982 . January 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  215. News: Veteran Strip show producer Arnold dies . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . December 30, 1997.
  216. News: Rockettes hoof their way to Las Vegas for indefinite run . Arizona Daily Star . January 29, 1995 . January 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  217. News: Delaney . Joe . Tireless Taylor gives life to 'Radio City' at Flamingo . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . February 11, 2000.
  218. News: Rockettes perform final show . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . July 31, 2000.
  219. Retrieved January 14, 2024:
  220. News: Weatherford . Mike . Flamingo in no hurry to fill vacant showroom, official says . Las Vegas Review-Journal . July 31, 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20011225140824/http://www.lvrj.com/lvrj_home/2001/Jul-31-Tue-2001/living/16664155.html . December 25, 2001.
  221. Retrieved January 13, 2024:
  222. News: Braxton not in sync . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . August 29, 2006.
  223. News: Toni Braxton Show canceled . https://web.archive.org/web/20080602004526/http://vegasblog.latimes.com/vegas/2008/05/breaking-news-t.html . dead . June 2, 2008 . Los Angeles Times . May 29, 2008 .
  224. News: Weatherford . Mike . 'Dancing' deja vu for Flamingo . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . August 28, 2008.
  225. News: Donny & Marie set at Flamingo through 2013 -- and likely longer . January 13, 2024 . lasvegasweekly.com . January 8, 2013.
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  227. News: Jones . Jay . Donny and Marie Osmond to call it quits on Las Vegas show . January 13, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . October 24, 2018.
  228. News: Donny and Marie Osmond's Las Vegas show will end after 11 years . January 13, 2024 . USA Today . Associated Press . March 21, 2019.
  229. News: Means . Sean P. . Donny & Marie get their Vegas showroom named after them . January 13, 2024 . The Salt Lake Tribune . October 7, 2013.
  230. News: Forgione . Mary . Donny and Marie close their 11-year run in Las Vegas . January 13, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . November 11, 2019.
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  232. News: Trepany . Charles . 'Goodnight, everybody': Marie and Donny Osmond close Las Vegas live show after 11 years . January 13, 2024 . USA Today . November 18, 2019.
  233. News: Katsilometes . John . 'Ru Paul's Drag Race Live!' opening at Flamingo Las Vegas . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . September 7, 2019.
  234. News: Radke . Brock . 'RuPaul's Drag Race Live' brings its fabulousness to the Flamingo . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Weekly . January 23, 2020.
  235. News: Jones . Jay . Las Vegas: Olivia Newton-John to perform at the Flamingo . January 13, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . February 13, 2014.
  236. News: Stapleton . Susan . 'Grease' stars Olivia Newton-John and Didi Conn reunite in Las Vegas . January 13, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . January 15, 2015.
  237. News: Katsilometes . John . Flamingo series highlighted Newton-John's Las Vegas history . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . August 8, 2022.
  238. Web site: Radke . Brock . Get ready for an intimate musical residency with Keith Sweat . Las Vegas Weekly . January 12, 2017 . May 6, 2024.
  239. Web site: May 1, 2019 . Caesars announces Paula Abdul residency at Flamingo . KVVU . https://web.archive.org/web/20200731192806/https://www.fox5vegas.com/news/caesars-announces-paula-abdul-residency-at-flamingo/article_10924ab8-6c1c-11e9-8f4d-a723b6518e1f.html . July 31, 2020.
  240. News: Impersonator show to open at Bugsy's Celebrity Theatre . Los Angeles Times . October 25, 1992 . January 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  241. News: Recognition comes late . Reno Gazette-Journal . October 29, 1992 . January 13, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  242. News: Flamingo Hilton remembers Bugsy Siegel during 50th anniversary . Las Vegas Review-Journal . May 16, 1997 . January 13, 2024 . subscription.
  243. News: Fink . Jerry . Comic takes raunchy act to bigger digs at the Flamingo . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . August 18, 2008.
  244. News: Top 5 Shows: In Vegas . The Honolulu Advertiser . June 18, 1995 . January 12, 2024 . Newspapers.com . subscription.
  245. News: 'Forever Plaid' left to ponder life after Flamingo . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . December 15, 2000.
  246. News: Maddox . Kate . Flamingo lining up for Seconds . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . January 9, 2001.
  247. News: Delaney . Joe . 'Second City' settles in nicely at Flamingo Las Vegas' showroom . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . March 16, 2001.
  248. News: Second to none: 'The Second City' chugs along at Flamingo Las Vegas . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . August 29, 2002.
  249. News: Split-second timing crucial for 'City' comedy troupe at Flamingo . January 14, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . January 14, 2005.
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  252. News: Stapleton . Susan . 'X Comedy Uncensored Fun' brings a magic dragon, impersonator and more . January 13, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . June 18, 2015.
  253. Web site: 1 theater, 2 shows, 3 titles on the Las Vegas Strip . May 24, 2019 . Las Vegas Review-Journal . en-US . June 3, 2019 .
  254. Web site: Palmer . Rob . The Dragons of CSICon . Skeptical Inquirer . July 23, 2019 . Center for Inquiry . April 8, 2021 .
  255. News: Radke . Brock . Piff the Magic Dragon rolls into three more years at Flamingo Las Vegas . January 13, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . December 6, 2021.
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  261. Book: Gragg, Larry . Bright Light City: Las Vegas in Popular Culture . 2013 . University Press of Kansas . 978-0-7006-1903-0 . 86–87 . January 12, 2024.
  262. News: Abramovitch . Seth . May 31, 2018 . Hollywood Flashback: How Sinatra and the Men of 'Ocean's 11' Made Vegas 'Pop' in 1960 . en-US . Hollywood Reporter . December 24, 2021 .
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  265. News: Video Vault: Horror Hostess 'Elvira' started career as Vegas' youngest showgirl . January 14, 2024 . KSNV . September 24, 2015.
  266. Web site: Gragg . Larry . December 22, 2021 . Separating fact from fiction on the Flamingo Hotel's 75th anniversary . December 24, 2021 . The Mob Museum . en-US .
  267. News: Whitely . Joan . New book credits Hollywood Reporter publisher with dreaming up modern Las Vegas . Las Vegas Review-Journal . February 10, 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010820231353/http://www.lvrj.com/lvrj_home/2000/Feb-10-Thu-2000/lifestyles/12901701.html . August 20, 2001.
  268. News: Fink . Jerry . Book examines 'The Man Who Invented Las Vegas' . January 10, 2024 . Las Vegas Sun . February 15, 2000.
  269. News: Benenson . Laurie Halpern . 'Bugsy' Taps a Mobster's Lavish Dream . January 14, 2024 . The New York Times . September 1, 1991.
  270. Vega$ TV intro (1978).
  271. Web site: December 31, 2014 . Blogging Season 1 of Lilyhammer by Netflix . December 24, 2021 . Critics Rant . en-US .
  272. 23352511 . What Happens in Vegas: Hunter S. Thompson's Political Philosophy . Jason . Vredenburg . Journal of American Studies . 47 . 1 . February 2013 . 154 . 10.1017/S0021875812001314 . 143197858 .
  273. Web site: April 20, 1992 . Last Call . December 24, 2021 . Kirkus Reviews . en .
  274. News: Baude . Dawn-Michelle . Look beyond The Strip: Las Vegas has reinvented itself as a literary destination . January 14, 2024 . Los Angeles Times . October 24, 2015.

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