Flag of Sudan explained

Flag of Sudan should not be confused with Flag of Palestine.

Republic of the Sudan
Use:111110
Proportion:1:2
Design:A horizontal tricolour of red, white, and black; with a green triangle based at the hoist.
Designer:Abdel Rahman Ahmed Al-Jali

The current flag of Sudan (Arabic: علم السودان|ʿalam as-Sūdān) was adopted on 20 May 1970 and consists of a horizontal red-white-black tricolour with a green triangle at the hoist. The flag is based on the Arab Liberation Flag of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, as are the flags of Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine and formerly of the United Arab Republic, North Yemen, South Yemen, and the Libyan Arab Republic.

Whereas there is no fixed order for the Pan-Arab Colours of black, white, red, and green, flags using the Arab Liberation Colours (a subset of the Pan-Arab Colours) maintain a horizontal triband of equal stripes of red, white, and black, with green being used to distinguish the different flags from each other by way of green stars, Arabic script, or, in the case of Sudan, the green triangle along the hoist. In the original Arab Liberation Flag, green was used in the form of the flag of the Kingdom of Egypt and Sudan emblazoned on the breast of the Eagle of Saladin in the middle stripe. For 13 years from Sudan's independence in 1956 to the 1969 military coup of Gaafar Nimeiry, Sudan used a tricolour flag of blue-yellow-green.

Design

Symbolism

According to World Flags 101:

Colour scheme

The specified colours are as follows:


Colour scheme
GreenRedBlackWhite
100-0-64-55 0-92-75-18 0-0-0-100 0-0-0-0
HEX
  1. 007229
  1. D21034
  1. 000000
  1. FFFFFF
RGB0-114-41210-16-520-0-0255-255-255

Government and armed forces flags

Armed forces flags

Historical flags

Flags of the Mahdists

In 1881, at the beginning of the Mahdist War, self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad appointed Abdallahi ibn Muhammad as one of his four caliphs and handed him a black flag.[1] Abdallahi used his black flag to recruit Baggara Arabs and other tribes from the west. The other caliphs used different coloured flags.[2] The black horizontal stripe in the current Sudanese flag is a reference to this Mahdist-era black flag.[3]

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Between 1899 and 1956, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was administered jointly as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom. The condominium did not have its own flag; instead the flag of Egypt and the flag of the United Kingdom were always flown together, with the British flag taking precedence.[4]

A flag did exist as a rank flag for the British Governor General of the Sudan. In common with the rank flags of governors and commissioners of other British overseas territories, it consisted of a Union Flag defaced with a white disk bearing the territory's badge or coat of arms, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. As no badge or coat of arms existed for Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the disk instead contained the words "GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE SUDAN".

At the Afro–Asian Conference held between 18 and 24 April 1955, Sudan was represented by a white flag bearing the name "SUDAN" in red capital letters.[5] [6] [7]

Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)

Republic of Sudan
Use:111110
Proportion:1:2
Adoption:1956
Relinquished:1970; of use
Design:A horizontal tricolour of blue, yellow and green.
Designer:Macki Sufi

Upon independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom on 1 January 1956, Sudan adopted a blue-yellow-green tricolour as its national flag. This flag was designed by the poet Macki Sufi[8] and remained in use until 1970, when the current flag was adopted.[9] The colours of the flag represented the River Nile (blue), the Sahara (yellow) and farmlands (green). They were chosen as they were neutral between ethnic groups and political parties.[10]

Use of this flag resurfaced during the 2018–19 Sudanese protests.[11] [12] [13] [14] [15]


Colour scheme
BlueYellowGreen
91-59-0-31 0-3-100-0 100-0-56-42
HEX
  1. 0F47AF
  1. FFF500
  1. 00923F
RGB15-71-175255-245-00-146-63

Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)

Following a coup d'état in May 1969, the country was renamed the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and a competition was held to design a new flag. The winning entry was designed by artist Abdel Rahman Ahmed Al-Jali based on pan-Arab colours and was adopted as the national flag in May 1970.[8]

Former provincial flags

Sub-national flags

The sub-national flags usually consist of the state's emblem displayed on a white or coloured background.[16] Some of the states of Sudan have adopted their own distinctive flags.

Administrative areas

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Hill, Richard Leslie . A Biographical Dictionary of the Sudan . 2nd . First published 1951 . 1967 . Routledge . 978-0-7146-1037-5 . 6.
  2. Book: Featherstone, Donald F. . Donald Featherstone (wargamer) . Khartoum 1885: General Gordon's Last Stand . Osprey military campaign series, v. 23 . 1993 . Osprey Publishing . 978-1-85532-301-8 . 18.
  3. Book: Fadlalla, Mohamed Hassan . The Problem of Dar Fur . 2005 . iUniverse . 978-0-595-36502-9 . 33.
  4. Web site: Sudan - Historical flags . Flagspot.net . 26 June 2018.
  5. Web site: Days of Struggle. 21 April 2015. tempo.
  6. Web site: Shimazu . Naoko . October 2011 . 'Diplomacy as Theatre': Recasting the Bandung Conference of 1955 as Cultural History . Birkbeck Institutional Research Online.
  7. Web site: Sudan's first flag, during the 1st conference of the Non-Alignment Movement in Bandung in 1955, Indonesia #SudaneseCulture #ثقافة_سودانيةpic.twitter.com/idxrMoTwnD. ثقافة. سودانية. 1 July 2018.
  8. Web site: علم غير مألوف يرفعه السودانيون في التظاهرات.. ما قصته؟. 28 December 2018. عربي21.
  9. Web site: Sudan - Historical flags . Flagspot.net . 26 June 2018.
  10. Web site: sudan rb. www.rbvex.it. 13 June 2019.
  11. Web site: Why is the First and Former Flag of Sudan Resurfacing on Social Media?. 27 December 2018. 500 Words Magazine. 13 June 2019.
  12. News: The art fuelling Sudan's revolution. Mohanad. Hashim. BBC News. 5 May 2019. 13 June 2019.
  13. Web site: Flying the flag for Sudan – what flag is that?. Radio Dabanga. 19 April 2019 . 13 June 2019.
  14. Web site: Breakthrough agreement between Sudan protest leaders, military. Prothom Alo. 28 April 2019 . 13 June 2019.
  15. News: Sudan celebrates end of stand-off between military leaders and opposition. Amir Ahmed, Mohammed Tawfeeq and Tamara Qiblawi. CNN. 1 August 2019.
  16. Web site: Sudanese Provincial and State flags .