See also: History of the Hellenic Republic.
| Conventional Long Name: | Provisional Administration of Greece Hellenic State |
| Common Name: | Hellenic Republic |
| Year Start: | 1822 |
| Date Start: | 1 January |
| Event Start: | Proclamation of Independence |
| Year End: | 1832 |
| Date End: | 8 August |
| Event End: | Treaty of Constantinople |
| Event Pre: | Start of Greek Revolution |
| Event Post: | Kingdom established |
| Date Post: | 30 August 1832 |
| Event1: | Recognition of Autonomy |
| Date Event1: | 22 March 1829 |
| Event2: | Recognition of Independence |
| Date Event2: | 3 February 1830 |
| P1: | Morea Eyalet |
| Flag P1: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg |
| P2: | Eyalet of the Archipelago |
| P3: | Pashalik of Yanina |
| P4: | Military-Political System of Samos1828: Military-Political System of Samos |
| Flag P4: | Flag of the Administration of Samos.svg |
| S1: | Kingdom of Greece |
| Flag S1: | State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg |
| S2: | Military-Political System of Samos1830: Military-Political System of Samos |
| Flag S2: | Flag of the Administration of Samos.svg |
| Flag: | Flag of Greece |
| Flag Type: | National flag |
| National Motto: | "Eleftheria i thanatos" Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ελευθερία ή θάνατος "Freedom or Death" |
| Capital: | Nafplio (officially from 1827) |
| Common Languages: | Greek |
| Religion: | Greek Orthodox |
| Government Type: | Unitary presidential republic |
| Title Leader: | President of the Executive |
| Year Leader1: | 1822–1823 |
| Leader2: | Petrobey Mavromichalis |
| Year Leader3: | 1823–1826 |
| Leader3: | Georgios Kountouriotis |
| Year Leader4: | 1826–1827 |
| Leader4: | Andreas Zaimis |
| Year Leader2: | 1823–1823 |
| Title Deputy: | Governor |
| Deputy1: | Ioannis Kapodistrias |
| Year Deputy1: | 1827–1831 |
| Deputy2: | Augustinos Kapodistrias |
| Year Deputy2: | 1831–1832 |
| Legislature: | National Assembly |
| Currency: | Phoenix |
| Demonym: | Greek, Hellene |
The First Hellenic Republic (grc|Αʹ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) was the provisional Greek state during the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire.[1] From 1822 until 1827, it was known as the Provisional Administration of Greece, and between 1827 and 1832, it was known as the Hellenic State.
"First Hellenic Republic" is a historiographical term. It is used by academics and the Greek government to emphasize the constitutional and democratic nature of the revolutionary regime prior to the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, and associate this period of Greek history with the later Second and Third Republics.[2] [3]
See also: Greek War of Independence. In the first stages of the 1821 uprising, various areas elected their own regional governing councils. These were replaced by a central administration at the First National Assembly of Epidaurus in early 1822, which also adopted the first Greek Constitution, marking the birth of the modern Greek state. The councils continued in existence, however, and central authority was not firmly established until 1824/25. The new state was not recognized by the Great Powers of the day, which, after initial successes, was threatened with collapse both from within due to civil war and from without through the victories of the Turco-Egyptian army of Ibrahim Pasha.
By 1827, the Greek revolution had almost been extinguished on the mainland, but by this time the Great Powers had come to agree to the formation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, as stipulated in the Treaty of London. Ottoman refusal to accept these terms led to the Battle of Navarino, which effectively secured complete Greek independence.
In 1827, the Third National Assembly at Troezen established the Hellenic State (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἑλληνικὴ Πολιτεία) and selected Count Ioannis Kapodistrias as Governor of Greece. Therefore, this period is often called Governorate (el|Κυβερνείο). After his arrival in Greece in January 1828, Kapodistrias actively tried to create a functional state and redress the problems of a war-ravaged country, but was soon embroiled in conflict with powerful local magnates and chieftains.
During the period of 1828–1830, the island of Samos was incorporated into the Republic as part of the Eastern Sporades province.
Kapodistrias was assassinated by political rivals in 1831, plunging the country into renewed civil strife. He was succeeded by his brother Augustinos, who was forced to resign after six months. The Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion drafted a new royal constitution, while the three "Protecting Powers" (Great Britain, France and Russia) intervened, declaring Greece a Kingdom in the London Conference of 1832, with the Bavarian Prince Otto of Wittelsbach as king.
See also: List of heads of state of Greece. The following were the heads of government for the First Hellenic Republic:[4]
| width=35% colspan=3 | Head of state | width=40% colspan=3 | Term of office | width=25% rowspan=2 | Title | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| width=3% | No. | Portrait | width=30% | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | Alexandros Mavrokordatos | 13 January 1822 | 10 May 1823 | President of the Executive | |||
| 2 | Petros Mavromichalis | 10 May 1823 | 31 December 1823 | President of the Executive | |||
| 3 | Georgios Kountouriotis | 31 December 1823 | 26 April 1826 | President of the Executive | |||
| 4 | Andreas Zaimis | 26 April 1826 | 14 April 1827 | President of the Government Commission | |||
| width=35% colspan=3 | Governor | width=40% colspan=3 | Term of office | width=25% rowspan=2 | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| width=3% | No. | Portrait | width=30% | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | Ioannis Kapodistrias | 14 April 1827 | 9 October 1831 | Russian Party | |||
| 2 | Augustinos Kapodistrias | 9 October 1831 | 23 March 1832 | Russian Party | |||