| Box Width: | 25em |
| 1st Congress of the Philippines | |
| Term Start: | May 25, 1946 |
| Term End: | December 13, 1949 |
| Before: | 1st Commonwealth Congress |
| After: | 2nd |
| Chamber1 Leader1 Type: | President |
| Chamber1 Leader1: |
|
| Chamber1 Leader2 Type: | Vice President |
| Chamber1 Leader2: | Elpidio Quirino (until April 17, 1948) |
| Chamber2: | Senate |
| Membership2: | 24 |
| Chamber2 Leader1 Type: | President |
| Chamber2 Leader1: |
|
| Chamber2 Leader2 Type: | President pro tempore |
| Chamber2 Leader2: | Melecio Arranz |
| Chamber2 Leader3 Type: | Majority leader |
| Chamber2 Leader3: |
|
| Chamber3: | House of Representatives |
| Chamber3 Leader1: | Eugenio Perez |
| Chamber3 Leader2 Type: | Speaker pro tempore |
| Chamber3 Leader2: | Francisco Ortega |
| Chamber3 Leader3 Type: | Majority leader |
| Chamber3 Leader3: | Raul T. Leuterio |
| Membership3: | 98 |
| Chamber3 Leader1 Type: | Speaker |
| Chamber2 Leader4 Type: | Minority leader |
| Chamber2 Leader4: | Carlos P. Garcia |
| Chamber3 Leader4 Type: | Minority leader |
| Chamber3 Leader4: | Cipriano Primicias Sr. |
The 1st Congress of the Philippines (Filipino; Pilipino: Unang Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from May 25, 1946, until December 13, 1949, during the 22-month presidency of Manuel Roxas and the first two years of Elpidio Quirino's presidency. The body was originally convened as the 2nd Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. On August 5, 1946, Republic Act No. 6 was approved, renaming the body as the 1st Congress of the Philippines.
The Second Commonwealth Congress passed a total of 12 laws: Commonwealth Acts No. 721 to 733.
The First Congress of the Philippines passed a total of 421 laws: Republic Acts No. 1 to 421.
The following are the terms of the senators of this Congress, according to the date of election:
| Senator | Party | Term ending | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nacionalista | 1947 | |||
| Liberal | 1953 | |||
| Liberal | 1951 | |||
| Liberal | 1951 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1949 | |||
| Liberal | 1949 | |||
| Liberal | 1951 | |||
| Liberal | 1951 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1947 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1949 | |||
| Liberal | 1951 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1951 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1947 | |||
| Liberal | 1953 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1949 | |||
| Liberal | 1947, 1953 | |||
| Liberal | 1949 | |||
| Liberal | 1953 | |||
| Liberal | 1953 | |||
| Liberal | 1949 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1947 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1947, 1953 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1949 | |||
| Liberal | 1949 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1947 | |||
| Popular Front | 1951 | |||
| Liberal | 1953 | |||
| Liberal | 1953 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1947, 1953 | |||
| Liberal | 1951 | |||
| Nacionalista | 1949 | |||